Mafuta okwanira dongosolo. Jekeseni dongosolo kufotokoza ndi mfundo ntchito

dongosolo kotunga mafuta zingamuthandize mafuta Zofika ku thanki mafuta, kusefera ake ena ndi mbadwo wa mpweya mafuta osakaniza ndi kufala ake kwa zonenepa engine. Panopa, pali mitundu ingapo ya machitidwe mafuta. Ambiri mwa zana la 20 anali carburetor, koma kachitidwe tsopano kunadetsa otchuka jekeseni. Pali magawo atatu - jekeseni mmodzi, amene anali wabwino kokha timatha ochepa kuchepetsa mafuta. Tiyeni tione pa dongosolo jekeseni ndi kuthana ndi mfundo zake ntchito.

kamba General

Ambiri masiku ano machitidwe mphamvu, mafuta injini ofanana. kusiyana kokha pa siteji ya kusakaniza. Kapangidwe ka chitetezo cha mafuta tichipeza zigawo izi:

1. thanki mafuta - yaying'ono mankhwala ndi mpope ndi fyuluta kuti ayeretsedwe particles makina. Cholinga - yosungirako mafuta.
2. Kupanga zovuta mafuta payipi ndi yamachubu kusuntha mafuta kuchokera thanki dongosolo kusanganikirana.
3. Kusakaniza chipangizo. Ifeyo ayankhidwa pa injector lapansi. msonkhano lakonzedwa kupanga emulsion (osakaniza mpweya mafuta) ndi kupereka kwa zonenepa mu mkombero injini ntchito.
4. Control wagawo carburetion dongosolo. Anaika yekha injini jekeseni, chifukwa cha kufunika masensa kulamulira, injector ndi mavavu.
5. mpope mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, submersible Baibulo. Kameneka ndi mphamvu galimoto, amene olumikizidwa kwa mpope madzimadzi. Kondomu anazindikira mafuta, ndi ntchito yaitali ya TC ndi kuchuluka kwa malita osachepera 5 mafuta kungachititse kuti kulephera galimoto.

Ngati chidule, injector - mfundo kusowa kwa mafuta kudzera nozzle lapansi. Pakompyuta chizindikiro akubwera kuchokera unit kulamulira. Ngakhale kuti injector angapo ubwino kwambiri pa carburetor yakhala ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Ichi chinali chifukwa zovuta luso la mankhwala otsika maintainability mbali kuti ndithu. Pa dongosolo nthawi mfundo jekeseni pafupifupi m'malo carburetor. Tiyeni tione chimene chili injector bwino ndi zimene ali mbali yake.

Features ya zida mafuta

Galimoto wakhala chinthu chidwi cha zokometsera zachilengedwe. mpweya wa utsi akumasulidwa mwachindunji mu mlengalenga, zimene ana amakumana ndi kuipitsidwa ake. dongosolo matenda mafuta anasonyeza kuti kumaliseche kuchuluka pamene carburetion cholakwika ndi chinawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa imeneyi, anaganiza kukhazikitsa Converter othandizira. Komabe, chipangizo ichi wasonyeza zotsatira zabwino pokhapokha ngati khalidwe la emulsion, ndi mwambo zolakwika aliyense Mwachangu ake akutsikira kwambiri. Anaganiza m'malo carburetor pa yokwanira bwino dongosolo mafuta jekeseni, chomwe ndi injector. Njira yoyamba zikuphatikizapo ambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu makina, ndipo malinga ndi kafukufuku, m'njira imeneyi likuipiraipira pamene ntchito galimoto. Zinali zachilendo, kuyambira zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika ndi matupi ntchito wowonongedwa ndi kunja kwa dongosolo.

Dongosolo jekeseni wakhala kuzolowera lokha amagetsi kulamulira wagawo wakhala analenga (ECU). Pamodzi ndi anamanga-lyamba kafukufuku, limene lili kumtunda kwa Converter othandizira, iwo anapereka ntchito zabwino. Tikhoza kunena kuti mtengo wa mafuta lero si mkulu, ndi injector zabwino basi chifukwa limakupatsani kupulumutsa mafuta kapena dizilo. Komanso pali ubwino izi:

1. Kuwonjezeka makhalidwe injini ntchito. Makamaka mphamvu chinawonjezeka ndi 5-10%.
2. Patsogolo ntchito zazikulu galimoto. The injector ndi womvera kusintha katundu ndi amasintha emulsion yokha.
3. The mulingo woyenera mafuta mpweya osakaniza ndi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha utsi mpweya kawopsedwe.
4. Jekeseni dongosolo n'zosavuta kuthamanga, kaya nyengo, zomwe ndi mwayi kwambiri kwa injini petulo.

Mafuta jekeseni chipangizo ndiponso

Choyamba ndi Dziwani chakuti injini zamakono zili vpryskovyh nozzles wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. Injectors chikugwirizana pakati limbikitsa munthu. Pali mafuta ali pa mochedwerako, ndipo amalenga magetsi chipangizo - petulo mpope. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta jekeseni zimadalira kutsegula kwa nozzle, amene anatsimikiza ndi unit kulamulira. Kuchitila izi kuwombera ndi zosiyanasiyana masensa, amene wokwera padziko galimoto. Tsopano ife tiyang'ana pa anthu chachikulu:

1. Air otaya sensa. Ali kudziwa chidzalo cha mpweya yamphamvu. Mu chochitika cha kulephera zikuonetsa amanyalanyazidwa ndi kutengedwera kwa deta tebulo ngati zowonetsera.
2. Malo kachipangizo fulumizitsa amasonyeza injini katundu, amene amayamba ndi udindo wa fulumizitsa ndi mpweya ndi kudzazidwa ozungulira wa mkati kusintha kuyaka engine.
3. Kutentha kachipangizo hladgena. Kudzera mwa Mtsogoleri wa kuzindikira za magetsi zimakupiza kulamulira ndi kuwukonza mafuta ndi poyatsira. Mu chochitika cha vuto yomweyo matenda a dongosolo mafuta Sikuti. kutentha akutengedwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa injini kuyaka mkati.
4. The kachipangizo crankshaft malo (crankshaft) pakufunika synchronize dongosolo lonse. Mtsogoleri linaŵerengera injini sikukudziwika kokha, komanso malo ake pa nthawi yakutiyakuti. Chifukwa ndi kachipangizo kumalo ozizira, ndiye wonongeka zina galimoto ntchito sizingatheke.
5. The kachipangizo mpweya chofunika kudziwa% mpweya mpweya panamveka m'mlengalenga. The mfundo Mtsogoleri imeneyi imafalikira ku unit kulamulira, amene amasintha emulsion malingana umboni.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira yakuti si onse magalimoto ndi injector ndi okonzeka ndi kachipangizo oxygen. Ali yekha magalimoto amene ali okonzeka ndi othandizira Converter umuna muyezo "Yuro-2" ndi "Yuro-3".

Mitundu ya kachitidwe jekeseni: osakwatiwa-mfundo jekeseni

Panopa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito machitidwe onse. Iwo ali m'magulu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha injectors ndi mafuta okwanira danga. Pali atatu dongosolo jekeseni:

• mfundo limodzi (osakwatira jekeseni);
• multipoint (kugawa);
• mwachindunji.

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane dongosolo la kholo limodzi mfundo jekeseni. Zinalengedwa pambuyo carburetor ndi ankaona kuti patsogolo kwambiri, koma tsopano pang'onopang'ono kutaya kutchuka kwake chifukwa chachilengedwe. Pali ubwino angatsutse wa madongosolo otero. Kuweta MUKACHULUKIDWE ndalama yokulirapo mafuta. Popeza kuti mtengo wa mafuta lero m'malo lalikulu, kotero injector malangizowa. Chinthu chidwi ndi dongosolo lili angapo zamagetsi zing'onozing'ono, choncho ndi wodalirika kwambiri ndi khola. Pamene zambiri imafalikira ku masensa kuti chinthu kulamulira, jekeseni magawo tisandulika yomweyo. chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti iliyonse injini mafuta akhoza adasandulika ndi jekeseni mmodzi mfundo popanda kusintha kwakukulu structural. The sangathe waukulu omwe zoterezi ndi otsika Sankhapo-Ice, komanso kuthetsa kuchuluka yokulirapo ya mafuta pa makoma a posungira, koma vuto linali chibadidwe ndi carbureted zitsanzo.

Popeza nozzle mu nkhani iyi, mmodzi, ndiye ili pa kudya zobwezedwa pa malo carburetor lapansi. Popeza nozzle anali mu malo ndipo anali zonse pansi pa mtsinje wa mpweya ozizira, yokhulupirika wakhala pa apamwamba msinkhu ndi mamangidwe linali losavuta kwambiri. Ankatenthetsa dongosolo mafuta ndi jekeseni mmodzi mfundo sanatenge nthawi yaitali, chifukwa zinali zokwanira kuwomba nozzle chimodzi chokha, koma kuchuluka amafuna chilengedwe zomwe zachititsa chakuti anayamba ena machitidwe kwambiri masiku ano.

dongosolo multipoint jekeseni

Kugawira jekeseni imatengedwa ano, komanso zochepa odalirika. Pankhaniyi, aliyense yamphamvu ndi okonzeka ndi nozzle lotsekedwa, amene anakonza mu zakudya zobwezedwa pafupi ndi valavu wambiri. Choncho, chakudya emulsion ikuchitika payokha. Monga taonera, ndi jekeseni ili kuyaka mkati injini mphamvu ziwonjezeke kwa 5-10%, amene ali noticeable pamene galimoto pamsewu. Mfundo ina chidwi: izi jekeseni mafuta ndi zabwino kuti nozzle ili pafupi kwambiri valavu wambiri. Izi minimizes ndi mafunsidwe a mafuta pa makoma a posungira kukhala kotheka kukwaniritsa ndalama kwambiri mafuta.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya Mipikisano mfundo jekeseni:

1. Munthawi yomweyo - kutsegula kwa nozzles udzachitika pa nthawi yomweyo.
2. Pairwise yomweyi - kutsegula injectors awiriawiri. nozzle munthu anatsegula mu zakudya sitiroko, ndipo chachiwiri pamaso utsi sitiroko. Panopa dongosolo otere ankangomva nthawi yangozi kuyambira mkati kuyaka injini ngati gawo breakage (crankshaft malo kachipangizo).
3. Phased - lililonse injector ukulamulidwa payokha, koma imatseguka patsogolo zakudya sitiroko.

Pankhaniyi, dongosolo ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo amadalira kwathunthu ndi lolondola zamagetsi lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ankatenthetsa dongosolo mafuta Pakufunika nthawi zambiri, monga kufunika kusambitsana wina injector. Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tipitirire ndi mtundu wina wotchuka wa jekeseni.

jekeseni mwachindunji

Jekeseni magalimoto ndi kachitidwe akhoza ankaona kwambiri zachilengedwe wochezeka. Cholinga cha kumayambiriro kwa njira jekeseni ndi kusintha khalidwe la kusakaniza mafuta, ndiponso kuchuluka pang'ono dzuwa la injini galimoto. Ubwino waukulu njira ziri motere:

• mokwanira kupopera wa emulsion ndi;
• mapangidwe kusakaniza mwambambande;
• ntchito nchito ya emulsion pa zosiyanasiyana injini kuyaka mkati.

Kuchokera pa ubwino, tikhoza kunena kuti machitidwe oterewa kupulumutsa mafuta. Izi makamaka noticeable ndi ulendo chete mu malo m'tawuni. Ngati Tikayerekeza magalimoto awiri ndi chimodzimodzi injini mphamvu, koma kachitidwe osiyana jekeseni Mwachitsanzo, mwamsanga ndipo Mipikisano mfundo, ntchito kwambiri bwino wamphamvu adzakhala pamapeto a dongosolo. Mipweya utsi sakhala poizoni, ngati kutenga lita mphamvu adzakhala penapake apamwamba chifukwa kuzirala mpweya ndi vuto la mafuta penapake kuchuluka.

Koma kulabadira tilinazo dongosolo mwachindunji jekeseni pa khalidwe la mafuta. Ngati ife kuganizira Russian ndi Ukraine mfundo zili sulfure sayenera mg wa kuposa 500 pa lita 1 mafuta. Pa nthawi yomweyo mfundo European zikutanthauza zili amafotokozera 150, 50 ngakhale 10 mg pa lita imodzi ya mafuta kapena dizilo.

Ngati tikambirane mwachidule dongosolo, ndi motere: injector anakonza mu mutu yamphamvu. Choncho, jekeseni wa ikuchitika mwachindunji mu zonenepa lapansi. Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo jekeseni ndi oyenera injini ambiri mafuta. Monga tanenera kale, pamene ntchito kuthamanga dongosolo mafuta umene emulsion ndi akudyetsedwa mwachindunji m'chipinda kuyaka, anyalanyaza zakudya zobwezedwa.

Mafuta dongosolo jekeseni: kukwera Taphunzira

A pang'ono pamwamba, takambiranazi jekeseni mwachindunji, adayamba ntchito pa magalimoto a mtundu "Mitsubishi", umene chidule GDI. Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule ina mwanjira yaikulu - chochepa. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti galimoto mu nkhani iyi ndi opareshoni pa katundu wochepa ndipo imathamanga zolimbitsa wa makilomita mpaka 120 pa ola limodzi. jekeseni mafuta imagwiridwa mu chomaliza gawo muuni psinjika. Kukunyezimiritsidwa ndi pisitoni ndi, mafuta ndi wothira mpweya ndi akulowa poyatsira zone kandulo. Iwo likukhalira kuti m'chipinda osakaniza ndi zayamba zatha, koma mlandu wake pafupi ndi mphamvu pulagi tinganene kuti mulingo woyenera. Izi Kumkwanira poyatsira ake, ndiye umaunikira ndi ena emulsion lapansi. Ndipotu, monga dongosolo mafuta jekeseni amapereka ntchito yachibadwa olimbana kuyaka mkati ngakhale pamene mpweya / mafuta chiŵerengero - 40: 1.

Iyi ndi njira kwambiri kupulumutsa mafuta kwambiri. Koma muyenera tcheru kuti panali funso mu mpweya utsi. Popeza kuti chothandizira ndi inefficient, kuyambira okusayidi asafe aumbike. Mu nkhani iyi, recirculation mpweya utsi. Special dongosolo ERG akulola emulsion kuti kuchepetsa mpweya utsi. Izi penapake kumachepetsa kutentha kuyaka ndi n'chongoletsa mapangidwe oxides. Komabe, njira imeneyi salola kuonjezera katundu injini. Kuti pang'ono vuto la chothandizira ntchito yosungirako. Last amakhudzidwa kwambiri pofuna nkhuni ndi okhutira mkulu sulfure. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi nthawi cheke cha dongosolo mafuta.

The homogeneous osakaniza mapangidwe ndi mode tsatane 2

Mphamvu ya boma (homogeneous osakaniza mapangidwe) - abwino kwa galimoto aukali zinthu m'tauni, zikuwachitikira ndi galimoto pa msewu ndi msewu waukulu. Mu nkhani iyi, zinayambira conical, ndi zochepa ndalama kuposa chimake m'mbuyomu. Jekeseni amachitidwa pa zakudya sitiroko, ndi emulsion aumbike ambiri ali ndi chiŵerengero cha 14,7: 1, i.e. pafupi stoichiometric lapansi. Ndipotu, basi dongosolo mafuta chakudya chimodzimodzi monga kugawa.

The awiri gawo mafuta jekeseni mode zikutanthauza pa psinjika sitiroko, komanso chiyambi-mmwamba. Ntchito yaikulu - kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu injini. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ntchito bwino m'njira imeneyi ndicho gulu pa liwiro otsika ndi kuthamanga koopsa accelerator lapansi. Pankhaniyi, mosavuta kugogoda ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa imeneyi, m'malo limodzi jekeseni gawo ikuchitika awiri.

Mu ndime yoyamba pang'ono mafuta jekeseni pa zakudya sitiroko. Zimenezi zimathandiza ena mpweya kutentha yamphamvu m'munsi. Mukhoza kulankhula za kuti yamphamvu adzakhala superpoor osakaniza pa chiŵerengero 60: 1, tsono, detonation n'zosatheka wotero. Pa chomaliza anakhomedwa psinjika ikuchitika ndege mafuta jekeseni, zomwe zimabweretsa ku emulsion wolemera chiŵerengero pafupifupi 12: 1. Lero tikhoza kunena kuti dongosolo mafuta injini umayamba yekha galimoto ya msika European. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Japan si chofuna kuchita imathamanga mkulu Choncho, pali mkulu katundu injini. Ku Ulaya, ambiri Misewu ikuluikulu ndipo misewu, kotero madalaivala amakonda kukwera mofulumira, ndipo ndi katundu yaikulu injini kuyaka mkati.

Ngakhale kumvetsa

Dziwani kuti, mosiyana ndi kachitidwe carburetor, injector amafuna kuti anali cheke zonse za dongosolo mafuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ambiri zamagetsi zovuta angalephere. Chifukwa, iyi idzakhala ndi zotsatira osafunika. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya owonjezera mu dongosolo mafuta chingandithandize kusokonezeka kwa emulsion zikuchokera ndi cholakwika mix chiŵerengero. M'tsogolo, zimenezi injini, pali opareshoni kusakhazikika ndiponso kuwonongeka kwa oyendetsa zinthu pa, etc. Ndipotu injector - .. Kodi dongosolo zovuta kuti amadziŵa pamene zonenepa ali kupeleka kuthetheka, kupulumutsa apamwamba osakaniza chipika yamphamvu ndi madyedwe zobwezedwa, pamene kutsegula nozzle ndi chiŵerengero cha mpweya ndi mafuta akhale emulsion. Mfundo zonsezi bwanji maloboti ntchito dongosolo mafuta. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri mwa anthu opha popanda makina angachichite bwino, pamene padzakhala yofanana zikuluzikulu pali kujambula mwadzidzidzi ndi matebulo kuti ntchito.

Mtengo injini kuyaka mkati Pankhaniyi Mungasankhe kwambiri chomveka deta adzalandiridwa kuchokera opha lapansi. Kuposa iwo yeniyeni, chindichepere zotheka osiyana dongosolo mafuta zolakwa. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndiponso mmene liwiro dongosolo lonse. Mosiyana carburettors apa sikutanthauza Buku kusintha, amene kumatha zolakwika pa ntchito calibration. Choncho, timapeza kuyaka kokwanira kwambiri wa osakaniza ndi mfundo bwino chilengedwe view a dongosolo.

Pomaliza

Pomaliza, tiyenera amatiuza pang'ono za zolakwa chibadidwe mu kachitidwe jekeseni. The sangathe chachikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kwa injini kuyaka mkati. Mokulira mtengo wa mayunitsi amenewa adzakhala apamwamba pafupifupi 15%, amene kwambiri. Koma pali kuipa ena. Mwachitsanzo, analephera mafuta valavu ndi nthawi zambiri osati kukonzedwa chifukwa kukhulupirika kuphwanya choncho ayenera kukhala zophweka kusintha. Imeneyi imagwiranso kwa maintainability zida wonse. Ena zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi zida zosinthira zosavuta kugula chatsopano osati ndalama kuzikonza. Khalidwe limeneli si chibadidwe carbureted galimoto, komwe mungathe mkombero mwa zigawo zonse zofunika ndi kubwezeretsa ntchito yawo popanda ndalama yaikulu ya nthawi ndi khama. Mosakayikira, zamagetsi mafuta okwanira dongosolo anakonza mphamvu zazikulu ndi njira. zamagetsi chipangizo n'zokayikitsa kubwezeretsedwa pa malo oyamba zilipo.

Chabwino, ife ndinakufunsani za zimene dongosolo jekeseni. Monga mukuonera, ichi ndi mutu chidwi kwambiri zokambirana. Mukhoza kudziwa zambiri zokhudza zimene nozzles wabwino ndi kuthekera chilango nthawi ya injini. Koma mfundo zazikulu tili kale. Kumbukirani kuti dongosolo mafuta olimbana petulo ayenera nthawi zonse anayendera wopunduka zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha khalidwe otsika mafuta, zomwe kwenikweni ndi chibadidwe mu dziko lathu, nthawi zambiri yatsekera nozzles. Chifukwa cha ichi, injini akuyamba zikugwira ntchito intermittently, mphamvu akutsikira, ndi osakaniza amakhala kwambiri Taphunzira kapena mosinthanitsa. Zonsezi zoipa kwambiri kwa galimoto lonse, kotero, ayenera nthawi zonse ndi zonse polojekiti. Komanso, imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta okha petulo, amene limalangiza Mlengi wa galimoto yanu.