Magwero njira ndi njira yaikulu imene HIV

Mumadziwa bwanji kumeneko ndi kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana akhala akugwira osati kwa cholinga cha kudzikonda maphunziro, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti likhoza kutenga matenda kudziteteza ndi okondedwa awo ku matenda.

Kufala kwa matenda: magawo ndi magwero

kufala limagwirira - ndi njira imene nthumwi causative akulowa ku gwero ndi kachilombo khamu atengeke. Kusintha kumeneku, ndithudi, sizichitika yomweyo. Choyamba, tizilomboto ayenera mwanjira kuoneka kuchokera ku gwero kachilombo, ndiye nthawi imakhala ndi malo kapena mkhalapakati nyama ndipo patapita kuti njira ina imagwera mu chiwopsezo cha chamoyo.

Izo zonse akuyamba ndi gwero. Mu EPIDEMIOLOGY, amaganiza kuti gwero la matenda akhale okhawo zinthu zimene zikhoza malo, kuswana, kenako amasulidwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndondomeko zokhudza thupi. anthu kachilombo kapena nyama - izi ndi magwero a matenda. limagwirira kufala Mungasankhe matenda imafalikira ndi pa.

Njira njira kachilombo

Njira za HIV amatchedwa zinthu zachilengedwe zopanda moyo, amene ali malo achilengedwe tizilombo awa, koma kukhala wochitachita mu kutengerapo awo. Izi zili choncho makamaka mpweya ndi madzi, katundu wa m'nyumba, chakudya, ndi nthaka - nthawi zina molakwa magwero awo matenda. Ambiri, malingana exciter komwe poyamba anaikira ndi limene umuna wake zikachitika, zigwire njira zofunika kufala: a kutsitsi, kukhudza, alimentary, HIV.

Zinthu kachilombo

Zimachitika pakati pa tizilomboto ndi thupi la munthu ndi nthawi kwayekha ndi osakaniza a zinthu zina. Kodi njira osati zofunika ndi modes wa HIV, komanso chikhalidwe pa nthawi ya matenda a chitetezo cha m'thupi, magawo tizilomboto mlingo wa chilengedwe ndi njira imene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atagonjetsa mu thupi.

Mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amasankha malo abwino kwambiri yokha mu gulu lake - ngati kuti adzakhala ndi mpata bwino moyo, ndipo anayamba kutulutsidwa mu chilengedwe ndi kugawa. Pankhani malowedwe a matenda, ndi chidwi kuti zamoyo zinachita aliyense tizilomboto anakumba okha, nthawi zambiri wapadera, "zitseko" awo. Izi zikhoza kukhala ngati nembanemba mucous kachitidwe kupuma ndi m'mimba, khungu kuonongeka ndi dongosolo urogenital. Matendawa bbwino ngati tizilomboto ake afika mu thupi la munthu sangakhoze mwa zofuna zawo, koma mwa "alendo", zachilendo kwa iye chipata.

Ndi chidwi kuti, pofuna kulimbikitsa matenda amafuna wina kuchuluka kwa oyambitsa ake. Mlingo opatsirana kwa aliyense tizilomboto nazo.

limagwirira kutsitsi

Ndi limagwirira ambiri HIV. Limatchedwa kupuma, kukhumba kapena airborne, koma nthawi ndondomeko izi amatchedwa m'malovu. Dzina limeneli akufotokoza mmene imafalikira wothandizila opatsirana mu nkhani iyi. Poyamba, mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya ali anaikira mu nembanemba mucous pa mundawo kupuma, monga mwa sneezing, kutsokomola kapena kulankhula pamodzi ndi m'malovu malovu ndi ntchofu kuima mu mpweya yozungulira. Pambuyo kukhala mmenemo monga aerosol ndi pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamodzi ndi otaya Mpweya mpweya kugwera mu atengeke chamoyo. Ndipo ngati dontho la kukula ndi lalikulu msanga kukhazikika, chabwino aerosols omwazika lingathe kukhala ndi mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amayenda mtunda wautali. M'pofunika kulongosola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhoza kukhala osati madontho, koma fumbi. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene ndi kugonjetsedwa desiccation.

Zakudya (chakudya) limagwirira

Mu nkhani iyi, chamoyo matenda kachilombo isanafalikire mu intestine ndi anamasulidwa mu chilengedwe ku muli. Infection ikuchitika mwa mkamwa, kawirikawiri chakudya kachilombo ndi madzi. The matenda angathe kulowa nawo manja zauve, kudzera kumwa nyama ndi mkaka wa nyama yowola ndi tizilombo. njira iyi amadziwika kwambiri ngati fecal-m'kamwa limagwirira cha kufala kwa nthumwi opatsirana - amadziwikanso ndithu "kulankhula" dzina.

kukhudzana njira

Wina limagwirira zofala za HIV. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motero adzakhala pa khungu, zikopa mucous, mabala. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa yodziwika ndi tilinazo okwezeka mmene chilengedwe Choncho, kuwononga iwo amafuna mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi zimakhala ndi kachilombo mwachindunji. Komabe, matenda angathe zichitike kudzera zosiyanasiyana zinthu. Zimakhala mabakiteriya, tizilombo, mafangasi matenda parasitic.

embodiments makamaka a limagwirira kukhudzana

Nthawi zambiri maulendo izi padzuwa konse olekanitsidwa mu magulu osiyana. Koma, mosamalitsa kulankhula, iwo ndi milandu yochepa wapadera kale anafotokoza kukhudzana limagwirira. Ndi za kugonana, ofala kudzera m'magazi, ndi njira ofukula za matenda. njira kugonana zikutanthauza kuipitsidwa ndi mgwirizano wa nembanemba mucous a dongosolo urogenital. Bloodborne njira - ndiye gwero la matenda kudzera zakhudzana ndi magazi mu kukumana naye mwachindunji mu m'magazi a munthu wathanzi. Izi angayambe pa magazi, mwachitsanzo, chamankhwala kapena kugwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu kapena nembanemba mucous zida wosabala. Njira ofukula ndi wotchedwa chifukwa kufala limagwirira amalola tizilomboto ku mbadwo umodzi kuti kusintha lotsatira pamene matenda imafalikira pogwiritsa latuluka pa mimba kapena panthawi yobereka.

Transmissible matenda limagwirira

Pamene limagwirira ichi ndi wothandizila causative a kukha magazi, ndipo anazindikira ndi tizilombo, ndicho bloodsucking udzudzu ndi udzudzu, nsabwe, nthata, utitiri. Pankhaniyi, tizilombo ndi moyo kufala zinthu. Ndipo mu thupi la ena mwa iwo ali chabe kudzikundikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwinamwake yemweyo - kuzungulira ikuchitika kuti chitukuko ndi kubalana. M'pake kuti mlingo wa chotenga kachilombo ndi mwachindunji njila kwa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo. Infection zambiri amapezeka mwachindunji m'kati alumidwa, koma Mwina malowedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu khungu zowonongeka, ngati kugona tulo tizilombo.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti gulu anauyamba njira kwa kulanda matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu muyezo wina ndi makonzedwe. Choncho, ena akunena chiyani si zimatulutsa limagwirira transmissive mu gulu lapadera, ndipo amaona kuti munthu wa bloodborne - magazi njira. Kufala kwa matenda ndi syringes sanali wosabala ndi zipangizo zina mankhwala ndipo nthawi zina n'zomveka ndithu kunena kuti transmissibility wa limagwirira, komanso ngati njira intrauterine.

Zitsanzo za matenda opatsirana monga asilikali awo kufala

Chiwerengero cha tizilombo anthu mamiliyoni Earth. Mabakiteriya, tizilombo, bowa - ambiri a iwo ali wowona, koma ena chifukwa matenda oopsa kwambiri. Magwero, njira ndi modes wa HIV milandu matenda osiyanasiyana osiyana. mndandanda awo n'zokayikitsa koma ambiri ndi ofunika kudziwa momwe ndi zotheka matenda a oyambitsa awo.

Choncho, droplet akhoza kusonyeza: fuluwenza, fever ndi nthomba, chikuku ndi chikuku ndi matenda oumitsa khosi, zilonda zapakhosi, TB ndi ena. Ponena za utsogoleli faecal-m'kamwa, ndi zambiri matumbo matenda HIV limagwirira: .. kolera, kamwazi, matenda a chiwindi A, etc. Mu njira yomweyo matenda poliyo amapezeka. Matenda opatsirana ndi kukhudzana, - zosiyanasiyana matenda ena a pakhungu, kafumbata, matenda venereal, tizilombo ta matenda. Pomaliza, transmissible ndi - kudzera kuluma kwa magazi woyamwa tizilombo - opatsirana malungo, tayifodi, mliri, encephalitis. N'zoona kuti chirichonse chiri mophweka kwambiri, ndipo ambiri matenda opatsirana zimafalitsidwa mwa munthu, koma njira zingapo.

kupewa

Kupembedza pulayimale malamulo a ukhondo - mmodzi wa njira kwambiri ophweka ndi odalirika kuteteza yolimbana ndi matenda opatsirana, makamaka kudzera mwa alimentary. Ndipo sitingathe kunyalanyaza kutsuka mokwanira ndi zokwanira matenthedwe mankhwala mankhwala chakudya. Zikachitika adani kuchuluka matenda opatsirana kudzera mpweya - ndi mpweya wabwino malo, milandu kutchinjiriza, ntchito ya masks kuchipatala ngati kukhudzana kutero. Kupewa matenda kudzera m'magazi, m'pofunika, kutali zedi, n'kusankha mabungwe zachipatala, parlors mphini ndi salons kukongola. Pa kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana zanenedwa kwambiri. Chabwino, potsiriza, ife ayenera kutchula chitetezo chokwanira mwinamwake kwambiri. Matendawa N'chapafupi kupewa kuposa kuchiza izo.