Manor Gorenki: komwe, photos, mbiri

Mu Moscow, yeniyeni, mu Balashikha ali mmodzi wa lalikulu ndi wamkulu zigawo Russian. Kenako anali m'manja mwa mabanja wotchuka: Dolgorukov ndi Razumovsky, Tretyakov ndi Yusupov.

Gorenki Manor inamangidwa kumanzere gombe la mtsinje, kumwera kwa Vladimir Highway, lomwe limatchulidwa Nizhny Novgorod khwalala. Kuzungulira zazikulu Manor nyumba lidagawikana ofunda munda wathunthu cascades mayiwe zisanu ndi ziwiri, amene analigawa kuchokera zilumba ndiponso milatho. atatu a iwo okha anapulumuka mpaka masiku athu. Part m'dziko anagulitsidwa kwa eni payekha ndi yobetcherana. Mwamwayi, nyumba yaikulu, komanso nyumba yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba apulumuka, ngakhale sali mu chikhalidwe bwino.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mbiri ya Manor Gorenki Balashikha mizu mwa kutali kale. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mudzi amatchulidwa mbiri Gorenki a m'zaka XVI. Mwamuna woyamba dziko wakhala NR Zakhar'in-Yuriev - mbale wa mkazi Ivana Groznogo ndi agogo a Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Nthawi ya mavuto, ndi chitunda ufumu sankandilola kuyamba akuphunzitsa Romanov zigawo.

Prince Yuri Khilkov yekha mu 1693 anamanga woyamba Manor nyumba ndi kuupereka pamodzi ndi dziko monga malowolo kwa mwana wake wamkazi Paraschiva.

Dolgorukovs

Mu 1707, Praskovya Khilkov anakwatira Alekseya Dolgorukova. Mu 1724 mwini latsopano malo Ufumuyo banki bwino ndi Gorenki Czyżew ndipo anayamba kumanga nyumba yachifumu. mwana wake, Ivan, ankagwira ntchito yapamwamba pa bwalo, kukhala ankakonda achinyamata Mfumu Peter II a, amene nthawi zambiri ankabwera Gorenki.

AG Dolgorukov ndinalota kuti Peter II kukwatira mwana wake khumi chaka chimodzi Catherine. Mu November 1729 iye chinkhoswe ndipo analengeza Ekaterina mkwatibwi mwayekha. Koma, zonse mwadzidzidzi mfumu khumi anadwala n'kumwalira. Dolgorukovs anapanga fictitious chifuniro limene mfumu anachita wolowa wachifumu wa mkwatibwi wake. Koma zikalata izi sadamkhulupirira kwa nthawi yaitali Dolgorukovy ku ukapolo, ndi chuma chawo chonse unasamutsidwira Treasury.

Nyumba za m'ma XVIII

Manor Gorenki (chithunzi mungathe onani pansipa) nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Elizabeth linakhala cholowa cha Chiwerengero Razumovsky. Iye anali chorister wa kwaya ndipo anadzakhala ankakonda Mfumukazi. Razumovsky mu 1747 anaganiza kumanganso nyumba. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye akuyamba kumanga mpingo wa Onse-Ngwachisoni Mpulumutsi.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti pamene Alexei Razumovsky Manor anayamba kundiyendera. Pamene wakhala landscaped yachifumu, limene linali lofika khomo chachikulu mu kalembedwe chakale ndi woyera mizati wamtali. Kuzungulira nyumba ya ukali paki zazikulu ndi cascading amatunga ndi m'mapanga yokumba. Ndipo mu 1809 chuma analenga Gorenki Botanical Society choyamba mu Russia. Palinso unapangidwa bungwe ku nthawi laibulale yaikulu ya mabuku pa sayansi zachilengedwe.

Kuyenera ananena kuti mwini chuma anali wokonda mokhudza zomera zina kuswana chimene ntchito kuyambira ndili wamng'ono. Zikomo kuti khama lake mu malo Gorenki Balashikha anaonekera lalikulu botanical munda ndi greenhouses, omwe udali za zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri za zomera chodabwitsa anabweretsa kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. Apa panali otentha zomera, amene ali ovuta kwambiri kuzolowera nyengo m'deralo. M'munda akulimidwa nsungwi Chinese mkungudza, kum'mwera paini ndi mitengo ya kanjedza. apaulendo amenewa nthawi zambiri ankabwera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana, kaso chilengedwe Razumovsky.

Kwa minda yotereyi anaonerera F. B. Fisher - amadziwika wasayansi-katswiri, amene pambuyo lotsogoleredwa ndi Botanical Garden ku St. Petersburg. ana yovomerezeka ndi Earl sanali, kotero chuma onse akadzamwalira, kuphatikizapo Manor Gorenki, ankadutsa mng'ono ana. Pamene gulu la cholowa Manor anapita Alexei Kirillovich, amene munthawiyo chinali kale odziwika bwino katswiri, amene amangonena kuti "Russian Linnaeus."

Naye pa malo anayamba zikuluzikulu yomanga. Ndalama malo a munda Alexey K. anapulumuka. Iye analibe kusowa kwa iwo chifukwa kuti banja liziyenda bwino kuti V. P. Sheremetevoy.

The cha m'ma XVIII

Pa izi Manor nthawi Gorenki mu Moscow zasintha kwambiri: atatu storey nyumba Manor inamangidwa ndi wamanga ku Scotland Adama Adamovicha Menelasa. wapakamwa yake chokongoletsedwa ndi Kukhonde ndi yaikulu mizati isanu woyera. olemba mbiri amakono ndi mbiri yakale luso ndikukhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zake mapulani anamugwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka wotchuka yachifumu Perov kwambiri wamanga Rastrelli.

Gorenki malo udaikidwa kalembedwe zachikhalidwe. Pamaso pa nyumba yosanja katatu anali menagerie, ndipo mbali ina linakhazikitsidwa makola, chokongoletsedwa ndi zifaniziro nsangalabwi. Kwa iye kuti dziwe panali staircase lonse.

paki

Amatunga ndi grottoes, milatho, anaponyedwa ku zilumba, lamdima lija-rotunda ndipo, ndithudi, malo wobiriwira ndi chimake cha tingachipeze powerenga paki English. Meneles wamanga akhadaphata Razumovsky, ndi Stroganov banja, ndipo kenako kukhala Russia muyaya. Iye anali mlembi wa ntchito yapadera, amene anazindikira mwa ngale luso mapulani - Alexandria Park ndi Cottage Palace mu Peterhof Palace Reserve (Tsarskoye Selo), nkhokwe (Alexander Park).

Manor nthawi kuchepa

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse (1812) Manor anavutika kwambiri. Atamwalira Alexei Kirillovich (1822) anapeza chuma, Prince Yusupov. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati Razumovsky si kwambiri kuganizira za ndani angakonzekere ndi zazikulu Gorenki. M'nthawi eni Maulendo Ake kuti kuwerenga anthu koposa mbamphedza zomera zake osati ana.

Popeza wakale mbadwa Yusupov zogwirizana katswiri ambiri mapulani. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti ambiri a zazikulu yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba mu Arkhangelsk analengedwa ntchito zimagulitsidwa ku malo mitengo Gorenki, kutentha zomera ndi ziboliboli.

Manor chitayiko

Atamwalira A. K. Razumovskogo Gorenki m'mbiri ya Manor anabwera chingwe. Makhalidwe anasonkhana iwo zaka zambirimbiri, dzinali lakhala anagulitsidwa kwa anthu osiyana. Library ndi herbarium anagula Alexander Ine, zinthu zina anagula nzika ku midzi yozungulira, ndi kwambiri Yusupov malo anagulitsidwa kwa amalonda Volkov, zomwe chidwi kuteteza wa Manor zazikulu. Pamene chikhalidwe chawo dilapidated nafika ziyambe kukonzedwa.

The yapamwamba Manor nyumba anayamba ntchito mafakitale awiri ndi nyumba matabwa antchito zinamangidwa pabwalopo. Kuyambira kukonzanso chakukhudza osati nyumba komanso paki ozungulira izo. Maria Tretyakova, mwini penultimate wa ambiri anadutsa nyumba ya renti ku nyumba.

Mwini wake wotsiriza wa munda, industrialist Sevryugov, anayesa am'tsitsimule. Pamaso zitasintha anagwiritsa ntchito lowoneka pa ndalama nthawi kubwezeretsedwa munda wa. ndi Interiors abwezeretsedwa kwawo, anaika mu dongosolo pamakoma kutsukidwa mchere. Ntchito yobwezeretsa kuyang'anira wotchuka wamanga Chernyshev. kunyada kwake kunali Golden Hall pansi loyamba la nyumbayo. Gilded stucco ntchito pa kudenga zake zimasungika.

N'kosavuta kuyerekezera lonse la kubwezeretsedwa, kutenga nkhani yakuti omanga anali kuumanganso toyalana nyumba amene anawononga tsogolo pa jekeseni fakitale chimneys, lichotse mipita ku mapiko ndi chilili pamalo ake m'khonde la zipilala, kuononga nyumba zonse za mtengo pabwalopo, kubwezeretsa stucco ndi penti nyumbayo. Komabe, Manor anabwezeretsedwa mu chilimwe cha 1917.

Gorenki Manor mu Soviet Union kuti: nationalization

Mu makumi, ndi chuma nationalized, ndipo nthawi zina panali kunyumba ana. Mu 1925 pali anaika chipatala chaching'ono "Red Rose" odwala TB. Iwo nalo dzina lake polemekeza Rosa Luxemburg. Mwa njira, akupitiriza ntchito lero. Ozungulira nyumba anayamba alephere cottagers chilimwe. Pali umboni kuti imodzi mwa nyumba m'dera dziko kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala Meyerhold banja.

Manor lero

M'zaka za Soviet ulamuliro kudwala-pakati ntchito zachuma wachititsa kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale ku zovuta lonse. Omangika pa m'gawo lake wateteza pafupifupi onse, koma kwenikweni paki anamuthawa ndipo sanali kumusamalira. Wa amatunga asanu anataya anayi, kudula mitengo ambiri, palibe pavilions zabwino rotundas, anapulumuka milatho iwiri, koma mkhalidwe wawo ndi womvetsa chisoni.

Zipilala kutsogolera ku nyumba yaikulu tikalowe ndi, inamera tchire, ndi mlingo wa chionongeko ndi zambiri monga kachisi wakale. Kuyambira masitepe zimene zinachititsa kuti paki, panali zidutswa ang'onoang'ono chikusowa mphungu ku pedestal kuti kamodzi wokometsedwera.

paki ndi pa magombe a dziwe ali ndi chidwi munda ndi paki yomanga ku munda Gorenki. Grot - theka-subterranean dongosolo anamanga ku cobblestone lalikulu, lomwe amakhala kunja kwa mpanda, ngati mano akulu chilombo. Pakati ndi ozungulira holo ndi atatu yopapatiza, kumulowetsa kulowera. Denga la grotto ndi linagwa mu malo. N'chifukwa chiyani malo ichi - chifukwa m'chikondwerero cha mbuye kapena ngati m'chipinda chapansi ozizira, ndi lolondola palibe wina akhoza kunena, ngakhale, mu maganizo athu, Baibulo lachiwiri ndi kuzikwanitsa.

Groth ali nthano zake, lomwe limati pamene chuma a mwinimunda D. N. Saltykovoy (Saltychikha) kudziwika mtima kwambiri, mainsail wake ntchito yozunza serfs. Komabe, palibe umboni izi, ndipo izo zangokhala nthano. Pa kumanganso lotsiriza la grotto anabwezeretsedwa, koma lero iwo pang'ono anakomoka kachiwiri.

Iwo adzakhalanso Manor Kodi?

Connoisseurs wa mbiri Russian sanataye chiyembekezo kuti zimenezi zidzachitika m'tsogolo. Ndipo ali prerequisites onse: posachedwapa Nyumbayi ananena chipilala mbiri, otetezedwa ndi boma. Posachedwapa anayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa, koma anakhudzidwa ndi pamakoma a nyumba ndi mbali yaing'ono ya paki. bwino nyumba amatilola ndikuyembekeza kuti chuma kenako kupeza yake yapadera maonekedwe pachiyambi. Ndikufuna kuona m'masiku athu ovuta panali ogula, sanyalanyaza chikhalidwe Russian.

Manor Gorenki: bwanji kuti kumeneko?

Munda ili kum'mwera kwa msewu Nizhny Novgorod. Adiresi enieni Gorenki Manor: okonda msewu, 2. akhoza anafika ndi galimoto, sitima ndi basi.

Kodi kufika Manor Gorenki galimoto? Ku likulu muyenera kupita pa msewu M7 ndi kutsatira kuti Balashikha. Munda mudzaona kumanja kwa msewu.

Ndi Kursk pasiteshoni ya sitima kuyenda kuphunzitsa siteshoni Gorenki tsiku. Kuchokera ku zigawo ayenera pochitika pafupifupi awiri makilomita. Inu mukhoza kutenga basi # 336, amene achoka ku "zigawenga" siteshoni okwerera sitima. dalaivala ayenera kuuzidwa kuti asiye basi pa malo, asanafike mzinda.

A mawu ochepa pomaliza

Ngakhale zaka zambiri ena amasokoneza, Manor Gorenki anapitiriza chithumwa akale olemekezeka malo Russian. Mosakayikira, nyumba ndi paki anataya kukongola wapachiyambi, ndipo komabe sizingafanane ndi zigawo ngati wotchuka ngati Kuskovo ndi Arkhangelskoye. Koma uliri panopa ndi mpweya wapadera kuti zitha nacho pamene kuyendera malo odabwitsa.