Mark Shagal: MBIRI. Mark Shagal: zilandiridwenso

Amene amayenera kukhala mmodzi wa ana asanu ndi atatu anabadwa cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, m'mudzi waung'ono pafupi Vitebsk mu banja la Myuda osauka - peddler hering'i? Mwina dziko wotchuka. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Ndipo ngati wina wachita osati anaganiza, ine ndikuziyankhula, inu mukudziwa - ndi wotchuka wojambula Mark Shagal. Mwachidule yonena za ubwana wake, kumene, lilibe lingaliro lirilonse la m'tsogolo nyenyezi. Komabe, dzina la munthu lero otchuka kwambiri.

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga

Monga mwana, Chagall anayamba kuphunzira mu Ayuda pulayimale, ndiyeno anapita mu dziko kumene maphunziro akhala akufufuza mu Russian. Pambuyo lophunzira ndizosowa maphunziro ku sukulu, ku mliri wa First World nkhondo, kuchokera 1907 mpaka 1910, anatha kuphunzira luso pang'ono mu St. Petersburg. A zochititsa chidwi za nthawi oyambirira a ntchito yake ndi kupenta "Imfa," chimene chimafotokoza ndi woyimba zeze (ndithu kawirikawiri kumatchula fano kwa wojambula pamaso pathu) ndi zochitika nightmarish pa siteji.

Ndiye Maliko Shagal anasamukira ku Paris, situdiyo wa kunja kwa mzinda wa Bohemia, m'dera wotchuka wotchedwa La Ruche. Kumeneko anakumana angapo olemba odziwika ndi amisiri, kuphatikizapo Guillaume Apollinaire, Roberta Delone, ndi ena. Kampaniyi olandiridwa kuyesera, Chagall ndipo mwamsanga anayamba ndakatulo ndi nzeru zinthu, motengera Impressionists ndi Post-Impressionists.

Kubwerera kunyumba zawo

Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo okha tangoyamba mbiri yake yolenga. Mark Shagal anakonda Paris mpaka kalekale. wojambula lotchedwa Vitebsk yake yachiwiri. Likulu French linali likulu la zojambulajambula, ndipo pali chizindikiro mosayembekezeka anakonzeka kutchuka. Kuti Parizh Mark Zaharovich ankaona chinkatilimbikitsa. Ndipo apa iwo pafupifupi ananena m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa polemba chinenero ichi cha kupenta, monga surrealism. Koma masamba.

Pambuyo Berlin chionetsero ndi Mark Z. anabwerera Vitebsk, kumene Koma sakufuna motalika kwambiri, basi mu nthawi kukwatira wake Bella chibwenzi. Koma inatitimira chifukwa cha mliri wa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, monga malire Russian anatsekedwa kwa nthawi yosatha.

Koma m'malo okhumudwa, Mark Shagal anapitiriza kulenga. Bella kukwatira mu 1915, analenga katswiri monga "Birthday" ndi ankasewera acrobatic chinsalu lotchedwa "kawiri chithunzi ndi kapu ya vinyo." Zonse nthawi imeneyi kutumikira monga udindo mboni mokondwera wojambula pa zaka choyamba cha moyo wake okwatira.

nthawi chosintha mu moyo ziboliboli

Ayuda anali iliyonse kukonda yamakonoyi. Pambuyo iye anawononga wofooka ndiponso anapereka mwayi kwa mamembala ambiri gulu mitundu kukhala zotsogololedwa. maganizo otani zisinthe Mark Z.? Ndipo kodi nkhani nyengo zimenezi zimaphatikizapo yonena wake? Mark Shagal, nayenso, anayesa kukonda ulimi. Mu kwawo ku Vitebsk mu 1918, ngakhale anakhala Commission for Culture ndipo kenako anayambitsa n'kuuza School Art, choyenera wotchuka kwambiri.

Mark Z. pamodzi ndi ophunzira chokongoletsedwa mzinda chikondwerero cha tsiku loyamba la October kuukira boma. Akuluakulu sanakhutire ndi mamangidwe a chikondwerero, monga wojambula yekha. Ndipo pamene anthu a boma anayamba kufunsa mbuye chifukwa ng'ombe ake wobiriwira, ndi akavalo kuuluka kudutsa mu mlengalenga, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kuti Shagalova zilembo zofanana ndi mfundo zazikulu ndi chosintha Karlom Marksom, utasintha minibasi mofulumira chinazilala. Makamaka chifukwa Bolsheviks anakhazikitsa wofooka watsopano Kwawokhawokha, osati kokha kwa Ayuda.

Kupita ku likulu ndi kusankha kusiya Russia

Kodi ndinayamba chinkhoswe Shagal Mark Zaharovich? yonena wake akadali womangidwa kwa Russia, ndipo tsopano anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene adayamba kuphunzitsa kujambula wamasiye kusintha njuchi ana. Izi ana anali, osati kamodzi anazunzidwa yoipa m'manja mwa zigawenga, ambiri anakumbukira kudzawala zitsulo mpeni masamba, amene anaphedwa ndi makolo awo, anadabwa ndi wenzulo zipolopolo ndi kukagogoda magalasi akudzigwedeza.

Kamodzi anadutsa boma la Russia, Mark Z. anaona Trotsky m'galimotomo. Chinthu katundu popita ku nyumba kwake. Ndiye chithunzicho anazindikira kuti watopa iye anali, ndipo anamva kwambiri kuposa china chilichonse akufuna kulemba zojambula wake. Ngakhale mfumu kapena boma Soviet, mu maganizo ake, izo osafunika.

Mark Shagal waganiza atenge mkazi wake ndi kale anaonekera ndi nthawi mwana wake wamkazi ndi kusiya Russia. Iye akukhala mutsogoleli wadziko woyamba, amene wasiya chigawo chatsopano osati tipulumutse okondedwa, komanso moyo wake ku ukapolo.

moyo watsopano kapena maganizo kuti chithunzicho kunja

Marc Chagall yonena ndi zinthu zimene tsopano salinso kugwirizana ndi dziko lakwawo, pagalimoto kwa France - kukumana chosafa wake. Mu zaka wotsatira, dzina lake linakhulupirira oti "inde cha m'ma", "mbadwa ya dziko la kupenta." The French ananena Mark Zakharovich mutu wa luso Paris sukulu. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mu Germany mu bonfire yaikulu anatentha zojambula za Chagall. N'chifukwa chiyani ena amati kupenta wake chimake cha luso chi, pamene ena zinasokoneza awo kukhazikitsa "wakudya" kutisokoneza.

Mwina, unamenya kudzimva ufulu payekha. Iye anali ndi ufulu monga Mulungu ali mu ndondomeko ya kulengedwa kwa chilengedwe chonse. Kulikonse kumene ankakhala Chagall - mu Vitebsk, New York kapena Paris - amangokhalira ankafotokozedwa pafupi zofanana. Chimodzi kapena ziwiri kanjedza anthu, akufalikira mu mpweya ... The ng'ombe, tambala, kavalo kapena buru, ndi zida zochepa zoimbira, maluwa, madenga mbadwa Vitebsk. Pafupifupi kanthu kalikonse analemba Mark Shagal. Kufotokozera za zithunzi akusonyeza kuti mafano mobwerezabwereza, komanso pafupifupi musati amasiyana storylines mzake.

ngati kutulo, kapena Kodi zojambula a Mark Zakharovich

Koma connoisseurs adazizwa. Mark Z. anasonyeza nkhani wabwinobwino, ngati wowerenga wawaona kwa nthawi yoyamba. Iye mwachibadwa kwambiri ankafotokozedwa zinthu wosangalatsa. Pakuti yosavuta, osati chipangizo luso okonda chithunzi Mark Zakharovich - maloto mwachizolowezi mwana. Iwo - chilakolako wofunitsitsa kuwuluka. Ndimasirira za chinachake ofunikira wokongola, kusangalala, kukwiya pa nthawi yomweyo. Mark Shagal - wojambula amene amamva anachita kwa munthu aliyense ntchito yake kuti kamodzi mu moyo wanu. Izi ndi wogwirizana ndi chilengedwe chachikulu.

munthu Ichi chikudziwika padziko lonse

Izi mphindi kawirikawiri choonadi inatenga Mark Zakharovich zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ndi mmene tsoka tiyeni chithunzicho kwambiri kuti kulenga. Iye analemba kuti mazana a zojambulajambula. kupenta lake lili ku New York Metropolitan Opera ndi Grand Opera ku Paris. ntchito yake - ndi komanso ambiri galasi mawindo othimbirira mu matchalitchi a ku Ulaya ndipo onse pa nyumba dziko kumene akukhala kwambiri anthu amene amadziwa amene Mark Shagal. Wambiri ndi zithunzi za iye yekha mu Russian otchuka lero. Ngakhale United Nations ali zinthu za kupenta wa wojambula izi luso.

Creative yonena. Mark Shagal ndi kutchuka lonse

Pamene Hitler anayamba kulamulira, zojambula chithunzicho wa Marc Chagall anayamba kusonyeza nkhawa chithunzicho pa za tsogolo la anthu. Izi ndi "Panokha", "White Kupachikidwa", pamene zizindikiro Ayuda ndi Akristu ali osokonezeka ndi gulu Nazi terrorizing Ayuda. Mark Z. anasamutsidwa ku United States ndi kale kupitiriza ntchito yake.

Dziwani nthawi ina mwa chithunzicho, amene amafotokoza mbiri yake. Mark Shagal mu 1944, mkazi wake anamwalira, ndipo ndithudi umaonekera m'ntchito zake. Bella limapezeka zojambula izi wojambula monga "Ukwati Makandulo", "Nocturne" ndi zina: m'njira zingapo, ndi mizukwa, mu mawonekedwe a mngelo kapena mkwatibwi mzimu.

Bwererani ku Paris

Mu 1948, Mark Zaharovich Shagal kamodzinso anakakhala France, pa Cote d'Azur. Apa iye amamulandira kwambiri malamulo, mapulani likulowa ndi zovala kwa kuvina lapansi. Mu 1960 iye amayamba kulenga othimbirira galasi mawindo sunagoge wa Hadasa Medical Center.

Kenako, iye akutenga pa chilengedwe cha ntchito yaikulu ya kapangidwe a tchalitchi mu Zurich, Mpingo St. Stephen ku Mainz ku Germany ndi ku Mpingo wa Oyera onse ku United Kingdom. Iye anafa chachikulu wojambula Mark Zaharovich Shagal March 28, 1985, ndipo anasiya gulu lalikulu la zosemasema zingapo za mafakitale.

Mark Shagal chizindikiro zaka mazana makumi awiri, koma si yowononga mdima mbali ndi chikondi, kufuna chiyanjano, ndi chiyembekezo wosangalala. kusafa wake - luso kusonyeza pamaso pa mzimu Mulungu zinthu zonse za mdziko.