Mbiri ya kuvina Russian: zikamera ndi patsogolo

Mizu ya Ballet Russian, monga mtundu uliwonse luso, ndi mu kuvina folklore. Ambiri mwina, awa anali achipembedzo (mitundu yonse ya kuvina) ndi Masewero ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, kumene kunali" ndi zina zotero.) Dance. Russian kuvina kokha anapitiriza malamulo onse zokongoletsa, koma nayenso anakhala wopanga malamulo m'dziko kuvina.

imachokera

Mu Kievan Yairo kumayambiriro kwa zaka VIII-IX, adayamba kuwonekera kwa ovina loyamba, akatswiri pa awo - Nthabwala ... Patapita kanthawi, pamene likulu linali Moscow, Nthabwala sikuti anthu amene anali amuna.

Mu zaka XV-XVI oseketsa choonetsedwa asangalatsi ndi nkhope zobisika ndi masks, otchedwa "mashkarami" anadabwa ndi kudabwa ndi alendo odzacheza.

M'zaka za m'ma XVII mbiri ya kuvina Russian chinali kutsegula mu zoseketsa nyumba yachifumu ya boma la Russia Theatre. Malinga ndi mwambo anakhazikitsa, chiganizo mu zisudzo ndi inamalizidwadi mezhdusenyami (zotuluka wapadera kuvina). Izi otchedwa entrée imagwiridwa ndi anthu ovala zovala kumusangalatsa. Zisudzo anali ndi zinthu za ndinkakonda kuvina.

zosangalatsa The Tsar a

Woyamba ballets m'ziwawa mu Russia imatengedwa uchita anapulumutsa February 8, 1673. Izo zinachitika chochitika kwambiri bwalo la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ndipo anawatcha "Ballet wa Orpheus ndi Eurydice." Mbiri ya zikamera wa kuvina Russian amafotokoza kuti anasintha kugwedeza ceremonious, kuvina pang'onopang'ono, mauta ndi kusintha. Pakati pa zisudzo ndi ikamawerengedwa poloweza malankhulidwe kapena nyimbo. Zonsezi ndi pang'ono ngati zenizeni kanthu ed. Izo zinali kokha zosangalatsa achifumu, kunyengerera njakata ake.

Nthawiyi, Gregory I., kulinganiza wa bwalo lamasewera, amauza Nicola Lima bungwe maphunziro maphunziro chifukwa cha luso ed a mfumu ya bwalo lamasewera. Poyamba, ana 10 a anthuŵa mfulu, ndiye 20, anali anaphunzitsa bwinobwino ndiponso anasonyeza mfumu pa bwalo kuvina ntchito "Orpheus" kalembedwe French.

Achikhalire ntchito

Only patapita nusu ya zaka zana, Peter Ine, m'mene umalimbana kusintha zachikhalidwe cha Russia, kumabweretsa pa moyo wa Russian anthu nyimbo ndi kuvina. Amaona kuphunzitsa luso osankhika strata kwa anthu a St. Petersburg. Kuti tichite zimenezi, Peter Ine kutseka Moscow zisudzo Alexei Mikhailovich ndipo limafalitsa lamulo chosintha. Izi Lamulo misonkhano chofunika mabungwe a boma kuphunzitsa ndinkakonda kuvina ndithu. kukonza awa anapanga malo a kuvina mbuye mumangire mkulu. Ndicho chimene olamulira misonkhano kuvina unkayenera maonekedwe mu chimachititsanso kuvina gule anabwera kuchokera kunja, zaluso mu mawonekedwe a zinthu za dziko Chisilavo kuvina.

Author V. Krasovskaja ( "History of Ballet Russian" - LA Art, 1978) akukhulupirira kuti mudzakhalanso ndi m'mbali Peter Ine m'zipinda yachifumu inachitika zisudzo za troupes kuvina, oimba ndi nyimbo zotere anaitanidwa kuchokera kunja.

Kumayambiriro a 1738 sukulu ya kuvina unapangidwa bungwe mu dziko, amene wakhala, tingati woyamba. Mbiri ya kuvina Russian mwachidule amatiuza za nthawi ino. Omaliza ntchito ku makampani kuvina wa oimbidwa zakunja mu zisudzo otchedwa (zisudzo, kolasi). Iwo anali kwambiri kokha pambuyo pake anavomereza kuti zipani chachikulu.

Maphunziro oyamba

Chopunthira cha olemba mbiri amakono kuvina kuganizira Land olemekezeka Corps. Iwo ankagwira ntchito wotchuka Zhan Batist Landzh, amene ndi ophunzira ake anaika ballets bwalo atatu. Pamene mbiri ya kuvina Russian, iwo anakhala pafupifupi woyamba kuvina zisudzo, malamulo onse okhudzidwa ndi malamulo a Royal Academy of Dance ku likulu French.

Olemekezeka Corps Cadets nawo maphunziro, poluharakternom m'nyimbo ndi pa nthawi yomweyo akupereka azithunzithunzi kuvina troupes ku Italy Ates.

Elizabeth I, kuti si kutaya ophunzitsidwa kuvina ovina, anatsegula mwini dansi ya kusukulu lake la Ufumu wake, gulu loyamba amene anali ana 12 a anthu wamba.

Pakutha 1742, Mfumukazi anasaina lamulo kukhazikitsa kuvina gululo a ovina Russian. Ndi kumeneko kumene anayatsa loyamba Russian nyenyezi - akatswiri kuvina ovina: Aksinya Baskakov ndi Athanasius Toporkov.

Kunja akufa mapeto

Imfa Baptiste Lande zimabweretsa chisokonezo mu ntchito choreography mu dziko. Yopatulika imene amayendetsa Atesalonika, ndi a mtundu womwewo ndi burlesques kosangalatsa. Kum'patsa Kodi kukopa munapanga zimenezi.

Mbiri ya kuvina Russian mwachidule Limati nthawi imeneyo. Pa nthawi iyi mu Europe pali funso pa kusintha kwa nkhani choreographic. Rousseau ndi Cinq-Mars liyenela kuvina ovina kuchotsa miinjiro zobiriwira ndi masks kuti mawigi. Diderot kwambiri akuonetsa kusintha storylines kuvina zisudzo. Nthawiyi, Dzhon Uiver, popanda kuyembekezera kusintha chonse, zimabweretsa ntchito kuvina ndi nkhani woganiza, ndi Zhorzh Nover analemba lodziwika bwino "Makalata a dansi."

Osati utsalira ndi Russian kuvina. Maonekedwe a Hilferding - umboni. Izi katswiri German atathana Nkhani choreography ku St. Petersburg. Mu Paris nkhani ballets anaonekera zaka 15 kenaka. Hilferding anathandiza Leopold Paradiso. Pofika zaka 50 TH za m'ma XVIII, iwo analenga wodziimira kuvina masewero.

Yambani chuma modabwitsa

Sewero yoyamba kuvina Russian uli A. P. Sumarokovu. Iye ankalimbikitsa kuvina zisudzo matamando, zolembalemba maziko anapeka kuvina zisudzo "chitetezo cha khalidwe labwino" ndi "New ansembe yotchedwa".

Gasparo Anzhiolini anaitana mfumu choreographer, kuwonjezera kunyezimira kwa Asilavo wowerengeka nyimbo notok amaika kuvina kuchita "Kupita Kokasangalala Khirisimasi nthawi." Catherine II kwambiri zotama chifaniziro. Mu 1779, bungwe Zokonza paulendo banc anavomereza kuvina, nyimbo imene inalembedwa pa maziko a Asilavo folklore.

Pambuyo bwino kopambana chotero Anzhilini anasamukira ku chuma ndimasewera ed, amene kusekedwa nkhani apakhungu. Ichi chidachitika eulogies phokoso: "chipambane Russia" (touted asilikali Turkey pa Cahul ndi Larga), "The Argonauts Chatsopano" (ulemerero ode kuti zombo za Russian Ufumu) ndi "Anapambana kuganiza" (kuchepetsa kufunika katemera ndi nthomba ponseponse).

woyamba amunamuna kuvina ntchito "Semira" wakhala kale zakubala. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo choreographers akhala powasamalira kwambiri expressiveness wa kuvina gule. Pakuti ovina nthawi yomweyo akhoza kukhala otanganidwa ndi zoseketsa za zisudzo zisudzo ochitira masewero sanali boma, ndi mapulogalamu zoyerekeza-operatic, ndi libretto zimene mfumukazi yekha analemba.

Atsopano 1778 ku St. Petersburg (monga momwe mbiri ya kuvina Russian, mabuku zizifotokoza mwambo wapadera) akuyembekezera oonera kale owonetsera awiri: malonda "Free Theatre" ndi bwalo.

Magulu oyamba mpanda

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII, mawonekedwe ndi luso kuvina. Kumayambiriro 1773, pansi pa tutelage wa Leopold Paradaiso likulu pamaziko a ana amasiye anatsegula malo maphunziro choyamba, amene anadzakhala oyamba zisudzo anthu. Mu kuika poyamba munali ana 60. Pa tsiku loyamba choreographic ntchito anapereka Cosimo chikondwerero Maddox, iye analemba m'buku lake Yu Bakhrushin.

Mbiri ya kuvina Russian, anaphunzira ndipo anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, wokhathamira amatsegula nthawi imeneyi, luso kuvina. Maddox ndi gulu la achinyamata, anaphunzira Russia, ovina amene ankachitika ndi azithunzithunzi za zisudzo, choreography wodzipereka kwa zochitika zenizeni (mwachitsanzo, "kulowetsa Ochakovo"), ndipo Divertimenti.

Against maziko awa, mwamsanga anayamba kupangika serf zisudzo. M'zaka khumi zapitazo wa atumwi XVIII wakhala odziwika lalikulu gulu serf zisudzo. magulu amenewa Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, Sheremetyevo, Potemkin ndi nzika zina.

Nthawi yomweyo anaona chitukuko ndi chiphunzitso cha kuvina njira wamkazi ndi mamangidwe luso kuimira powonekera. Pali latsopano mwambo thupi pa siteji powonekera, zokongola ndi kulemba mu kalembedwe ziriri, kugwiritsa ntchito masewero theka mithunzi ndi kuwala.

Chipambane kuvina Russian

Mbiri ya Russian kuvina wa zaka 19-20 ladzala ndi mosiyanasiyana. Ndi chiyambi cha XIX atumwi kuvina luso amakwaniritsa kukhwima chimene waife omvera. Russian ballerina atchule mu choreography lightness, mfulu ndi limaonetseratu. Iwo kukuoneka kwambiri amaona A. S. Pushkin, polongosola kukongola kuvina chimachititsanso a m'nthawi yake, nyenyezi ya kuvina powonekera, Istomin: "Soul zonse ndege" (mawu akuti wakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi kuvina ndi). Mawu ake nkhope kukongola kayendedwe kuvina chidwi. Ambiri oonera anapita ndendende Avdotya Istomin.

No zochepa wokongola anali Lihutina Anastasia, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

zisudzo Ballet akukonda kwambiri. kuvina Ballet, monga luso, izo adalipo ndipo allocated ang'onoang'ono boma.

Ndi newfangled pa "Kuzindikira" wa zaka 60 wa atumwi wotsiriza, osankhika chikhalidwe aphimbidwa. The Russian zisudzo mavuto abwera. Ndi za kwa choreographies, iye anayika izo mu primitivism wa storyline, umene kusintha gule wina. Ovina amene afika ungwiro, kupereka kuvina mu chuma m'chombocho.

Mbiri ya kuvina Russian amapita ku gawo lina. Chitsitsimutso anayamba ndi Petra Chaykovskogo, amene analemba nyimbo ya chuma choyamba choreographic. Mu mbiri yonse ya kuvina, koyamba nyimbo wakhala zofunika kwambiri monga kuvina. Ndipo ngakhale anaonekera pa ndime ndi sewero la nyimbo ndi nyimbo symphonic. Ngati nyimbo Tchaikovsky analemba akumvera miyambo kuvina, tsopano ndi kuvina wosewera plasticity, kuyenda ndi chisomo adafuna kupereka maganizo nyimbo ndi kutengeka, kuposa kuthandiza wowerenga kumasulira chiwembu, imene zolemba wolemba a. dziko akadali imakhumbira wotchuka "Mbalame ya Chinsansa Lake."

Choreographer Gorsky anabweretsa chuma cha zinthu chi wa malangizo, ndinayamba kulabadira kwambiri nkhanza luso powonekera, kukhulupirira kuti wowerenga tiyenera kumizidwa kwathunthu mu zomwe zikuchitika pa siteji. Iye analetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu Kuyesezera. Ukasintha kusintha zinthu Fokine. Iye nakhalanso ndi kuvina chikondi ndipo anatenga thupi la kuvina ndipo wokamba bwino. Malinga Fokin, aliyense naonekera pa siteji ayenera lapadera. Ie nyimbo, kuvina kalembedwe ndi chitsanzo kukhala wapadera ndi view makamaka. Mu zaka zoyambirira za amaona XX m'ma anajambula kupanga wake "Mausiku Igupto," "tsekwe Kufa", "Midsummer Night wa Dream," "Acis ndi Galatea" ndi ena.

Mu 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin anaitanidwa kukhala wotsogolera wamkulu wa Parisian "Nyengo Russian". Ndi kuitana uku Fokin anakhala otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. A Russian kuvina ojambula zithunzi zitsulo chaka mokondwera kuchita likulu French. Mbiri ya kuvina ovina Russian akutamanda Russian gululo, amene mayina awo odziwika padziko lonse: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, etc. Ndipo pa sakuyendetsa kuvina European.

Diaghilev anatenga mwayi ndipo anapambana. Iye anasonkhanitsa gululo wa ochita achinyamata ndi luso kuvina ndipo anawapatsa dzanja ufulu. Anandilola ntchito kunja chimango cha yodziwika, amene anayika wotchuka, koma kale zaka ndithu Petipa.

Ufulu kanthu zinathandiza ovina kupeza ndi maganizo awo. Kuwonjezera zaluso izi chosintha Diaghilev anakopeka zokongoletsa ojambula zithunzi otchuka m'nthawi yake (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) ndipo analemba (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Tsopano aliyense kupanga kuvina anali mwaluso.

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, ovina ambiri ndi choreographers kumanzere breakaway Russian. Koma msana anakhalabe. Pang'onopang'ono yokuthandizani kukhala anthu Russian kuvina. Masamba a mbiriyakale kumbuyo kupanga ndi ... muone zambiri

Pambuyo pakati pa XX atumwi, ovina ndi choreographers m'badwo watsopano mwabwerera kwa powonekera thumbnail Utsogoleri aiwala kuvina, nthetemya ndi kuvina mu chinthu chimodzi. chiwerengero cha situdiyo ndi zisudzo nthawi zonse kukula.

"The zazikulu", ballerina, kuvina wotsutsa

Wotchuka Russian wovina Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya analowa kukhala kumbuyo mu Ufumu Russian, September 11, 1915. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale iye adalowa mu 1933 bwinobwino maphunziro Leningrad Choreographic School. Anaphunzira pa wotchuka Vaganova Agrippina. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka mu 1941 Krasovskaja akutumikira Theatre. Kirov. Iye ali otanganidwa mu ballets wa repertoire maphunziro.

Mu 1951, Vera M. maphunziro maphunziro kusukulu mu Leningrad Theatre Institute. Ostrovsky, pambuyo maphunziro pa luso la zisudzo.

sukulu akatswiri analandira Krasouskaya choyamba mu kalasi ya Agrippina Vaganova, ndiye postnovkah kuvina ya Mariinsky Theater, ndi chuma cha chidziwitso cha sikelo Buku, apamwamba, miyambo ndi lamulo zidzasintha chinenero (French ndi English), kuwalola kukhala wanzeru ndi ndithudi yaikulu kuvina luso wotsutsa.

Mu 1998, uthenga wabwino kufalitsa padziko lonse zisudzo. Umafunika "m'chigonjetso" anapambana Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Mbiri ya kuvina Russian, chimene iye anafotokoza mu mabuku (ena mwa iwo ikumasuliridwa zilankhulo), ndi ziwiya (300) ngati luso mbiri ndi wotsutsa, anachita Vera Mikhailovna wopambana wa ufulu "m'chigonjetso" Russian linapereka. mphoto ndi kupereka kwa kupambana koposa mwa luso ndi mabuku.

Mu 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna anali atapita.

epilogue

Mbiri ya kuvina Russian ndi kuyamikira zimasunga mayina a olamulira a gule amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti mapangidwe choreography Russian. Izi wotchuka Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, ndi ena ambiri. talente A aluso Russian anajambula lero amakopeka ndi nambala yaikulu amaonetsa padziko lonse.

Mpaka lero, Russian kuvina makampani amaonedwa yopambana.