Mfundo adversarial. Mfundo kufanana procedural pamagulu

Lamulo zofunika Akuluakulu a ku Russia ananena Kuyanjana pakathi pa ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika zake, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, chipembedzo, mtundu, fuko kachikhulupiriro kena kapena chiyambi. The Constitution amatitsimikizira Kuyanjana pakathi pa onse pamaso pa lamulo, popanda yekha, ndi mfundo ya Kuthi adversarial. postulates izi aona chitukuko ndi kupitiriza kwa malamulo procedural mu Kuthi boma ndi zigawenga.

Nkhaniyi iyankha mafunso a zinthu mfundo za mpikisano ndi kuyanjana kwa onse pamaso pa bwalo, zimene ndicho siyana ndondomeko.

Kutanthauzira ambiri a

Ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa boma ndi Kuthi chigawenga, mfundo ya Kuyanjana pakathi pa zipani amapereka yunifolomu kutanthauzira kwa lamulo kwagona kuti anthu nawo mlanduwo tili ndi mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito njira chovomerezeka kuteteza udindo wake kuti titeteze dandaulo lawolo. bwalo la milandu chiwalo kuti chofunika kuwayang'anira kugwilizana ndi mfundo enunciated, ayenera kuonetsetsa zinthu ofanana maphwando mu utsogoleli wa chilungamo ndipo sikukhazikitsa choonadi pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Mfundo adversarial kumapereka lingaliro kuti zipani ziyenera ufulu wawo pofuna kuthetsa mkangano mu mtima mwawo. Initiative munthu aliyense pa akuti chomwecho. Munthu aliyense paokha kapena kudzera nthumwi muzigwiritsa ntchito zida lonse, komanso zochita kudziteteza, angakhale okha kudziwa malamulo ndi njira, zopempha ntchito, anatenga umboni ndi zina zotero.

The khoti nthawi iliyonse kuti cholinga ndi tsankho ndipo sachita mbali aliyense.

Kulingana mu Kuthi yapachiweniweni

Mlanduwu kuteteza ufulu wa anthu ndi anthu malamulo okhudzana ndi ubale wa anthu, nkhani zachuma ndi malonda, tikambirana bwalo chigamulo ndi bwalo la ulamuliro onse.

Kaya mtundu awiri zizindikiro ndondomeko oyitanira ulemu Kuyanjana pakathi pa zipani ndi mpikisano awo.

Lingaliro la mfundo za

Mwa kulingana ndi malamulo a mayikowo procedural amadziwa ofanana ya ufulu kuti zipani mwina nthawi ya mayesero, womwe odandaula ndi wozengedwa akhoza mofanana nawo kuona umboni, kugonjera opempha, kupereka malongosoledwe, kuti akaitane mboni, nawo mu kutsutsana ndi kukakamiza kuchotsa bwalo.

Pankhaniyi, munthu nawo Kuthi malamulo si woyenera kuti molakwika mwayi kuti kungapondereze ufulu wa chipani ena. Wosatha mapemphero adjournment wophwanya m'mayesero umalimbana akuchedwa ndondomeko, khoti akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi chilungamo, ndi kukhutitsa iwo akhoza adakana. Chotero zochita za woweruza sakutanthauza kuti woyanjidwa mbali imodzi ndi linaphwanya ufulu wa wina. Khoti Mulimonsemo akutumikira yekha monga mbali chigamulo ndi ufulu wodzilamulira arbitrator.

malamulo inati bwalo sangathe kuchita chilichonse kuti zipani anaona kuti wavala ophunzira wina mu ndondomeko pa mwayi pa ena. Malinga ponseponse ichi, woweruza sangathe wapakamwa mawu, nods, mawu ochangamuka anatsutsa mosakondera awo.

Zisudzo amanenedwa ndi kuika chomwecho ufulu

Munthu aliyense akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyenera ya zochita: kuchita thandizo la makani kuulula umboni. bwalo ayenera kukhala ndondomeko m'njira yakuti nthawi imene udindo kutsegula, m'mbali anali ofanana. Kumene, kufunika kutsatira malamulo, chifukwa mlanduwu wapatsidwa akonzedwa nthawi, malinga ndi ndandanda wa milandu, ndipo wokamba kuchotsa, amene munatula nyota awiri, osati diminution ufulu wake.

khotilo adzakhalanso pokhapokha Kuthi ndi

Khoti simungathe kuweruza zotsatira za bwalo pasadakhale nkhondo, ngakhale mfundo yoonekeratu sangathe paokha ntchito zina malamulo, monga kupita kwa nthawi malire, ngati zipani sanali Howard. kanthu ndi woweruza kupitirira mwambo ndi malamulo, zikhoza apilo ku maphwando ndi kutchula Board Zomuyenereza kapena wa pulezidenti wa bwalo. Ngati zipani zoti mu chikalata chilungamo awiri, iwo akhoza kutsutsana ndi woweruza, koma iyenera umboni wamphamvu wa kuyan'anila za ndodo milandu, akazindikire si zoona ndipo olembedwa, kapena kujambula ma CD a zoona.

zisudzo Optionality

Anthu nawo choncho ali oyenera kutaya a chilamulo chawo procedural ndi substantive. Iwo akhoza kuteteza ufulu wawo mwachangu kulimbikitsa zosayembekezereka, ndithudi ndi kuchotsa ndondomeko boma, kuti abwezeretse ufulu wawo wolambira Mulungu. Mfundo za optionality ndi mpikisano wa olemba ambiri amaona ofunika Kuthi boma. Iwo amaonetsera limagwirira wa zosayembekezereka chitukuko komanso mapeto a nkhani yapachiweniweni wonse.

Mfundo adversarial mu Kuthi yapachiweniweni

Mulandu ikutitsimikizira kuti ophunzira za ndondomeko ya mfundo zawo ndi malo malamulo njira zonse chololedwa pa lamulo. Popeza chimtolo cha umboni chagona pa mbali bwalo, zotsatira chimadaliranso njira molondola osankhidwa a chitetezo, ophunzira yogwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa umboni, pempho yake, adziwe zolondola zochita mdani.

Mfundo adversarial mu ndondomeko yapachiweniweni amapereka kuti kuyankha mwamsanga kuti mbali yachiwiri ya masitepe atengedwa. Munthu nawo choncho, ayenera Pre-yodziwa amanena. udindo kupereka umboni zalembedwa bwanji za bwalo osati zipani zina mkangano pervoosnovnoy. Only kudziwa udindo wa zili Goliyati, mukhoza kusankha machenjerero kuti akhoza anakonzeratu bwino choncho.

Ngati ophunzira kwathunthu akukuponderezani ufulu wawo akupereka chiopsezo mavuto aakulu. Aliyense amayesedwa amanena ayenera kuwunikira pasanathe miyezi itatu kuchokera tsiku la mankhwala, choncho m'pofunika kuti aphwanye malamulo ndipo popanda ofunsira kubweretsa ena kuti aitane mboni zina ndi kulandira umboni mu tsiku lotsiriza lisanathe nyengo. The Court, poganizira ngati lamulo, ndiponso ufulu kukana Chibwezeni kwa mfundo adversarial ndi inadmissibility wa nkhanza ufulu procedural.

Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo adversarial kukhoti - sizitanthauza kutembenukira M'khotimo mu malo duel kapena duel pakati achilamulo ndi maloya. Kwenikweni ake - mkangano pamagulu awiri m'khotimo. Malamulo Kuthi - osati masewera koma njira kukwaniritsa choonadi malamulo, ndi kumvetsa kufanana ndi mfundo adversarial n'kofunika pa nkhani ya malamulo. Sangalalani ufulu wawo chofunika ndi wololera, kugwilizana ndi ufulu ndi kulemekeza mdani kunyumba yake yachifumu.

Wachifwamba ndondomeko: okhutira cha mfundo adversarial

RF malamulo Part 3 Art. 123 alinga kuti ndondomeko ya milandu Kuthi zachokera mpikisano ndi ofanana. Kupereka mfundo yofunika kwambiri, lamulo lalikulu la dziko si kumasulila ndi satchula zili yake yeniyeni.

Mfundo za ndondomeko adversarial tichipeza zinthu zitatu kuvomerezedwa:

• kupatukana ndondomeko ntchito;
• Kuyanjana pakathi pa zipani;
• mosakondera mwa bwalo.

Pa mbali iliyonse ya ntchito zake

mfundo adversarial amakhala ndi kugawira ntchito procedural. Pa mbali iliyonse ya mphamvu zake. Pakali pano, mwamsanga pamene Kuthi chigawenga azitenga Kuthi ndondomeko, ali wofana procedural, mwachitsanzo ndi ufulu wofanana zikuchokera. Adzamenyane m'chitsimikizo chigawenga ali ndi udindo nkhope khoti linalamula, wozunzidwayo, wozenga mlandu payekha ndi odandaula yapachiweniweni pa dzanja limodzi ndi chitetezo ku nkhope ya mlandu, ndi mlandu ndi nthumwi zawo, loya wozengedwa boma, pa ena. Ophunzira mu Kuthi zigawenga akhoza mofanana kusangalala ndi ufulu mupereke umboni kuphunzira awo, zopempha ntchito.

Kaya mfundo yakuti mmodzi mwa magulu angathe kulandira chilango, ndipo enawo ena amaika mphamvu maudindo operekedwa amafuna accusatory cholinga kulanga wopalamulayo, onse angalandire mankhwala ofanana mbali ya mtsogoleri.

Court ali ntchito ya chisankho chomaliza, ndipo iwo anasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo ndi kuyimbidwa ntchito. Khoti ayenera kukhazikitsa zinthu procedural, maphwando mwina mofanana kusangalala ufulu wawo procedural. Anthu m'malo mwa boma nawo milandu anthu zosemphana ndi lamulo, ayenera kutsatira zofuna za mlandu ndi wotsutsana ndi munthu ndi nzika za lagona pa kungoganizira za wosachimwa.

Kuthi chigawenga ndi kuyanjana kwa manja

Kuthi chigawenga ndi mwapadera kwa yapachiweniweni onse zolinga zake, umalimbana kupeza ndi kuwononga munthu amene waphwanya lamulo, ndipo pa za malamulo a zipani. Ngati Ndipotu, ndi gawo lina la ufulu chipanichi ndi zinthu zosiyana, kuti kuyanjana kwa manja ndi khalidwe m'malo kwa asapita malamulo boma, osati Kuthi chigawenga, kuyambira pa dzanja limodzi ndi munthu amene ali chilango ndi chilamulo, ndi pa dzanja ena - boma, atamukakamiza kuti awalange posankha chilango. mphamvu chiŵerengero pokhapo titachitapo kwambiri: Ngati munthu, munthu, ndi wina - ndi zida lonse mu mawonekedwe a matupi ya mphavu yofufunzira, kufufuza, milandu.

Ufulu kutetezedwa, thandizo kwa akatswiri odziwa malamulo mlandu kapena wozengedwa ndi chitsimikizo kulemekeza ufulu wake ndi kukwaniritsa Kuyanjana pakathi pa mikono chifukwa boma ukufanizidwa ndi akapitawo akatswiri yazamalamulo amene ali ndi maphunziro oyenera. Pa nthawi imene munthu sangathe pazifukwa zina ganyu loya, iye ayenera kupereka ufulu uphungu.

Wina zikuluzikulu za Kuyanjana pakathi pa zipani amaganiza mfundo za kungoganizira za wosachimwa. Anati lingaliro zikuphatikizapo malamulo malamulo, tanthauzo la zomwe ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ngati ndondomeko anakhazikitsa lamulo kutsimikiziridwa wochimwira mlandu kapena wozengedwa, ndi vinyo si anatsimikizira chiweruzo, munthu aliyense ngoziyi wosalakwa.

Pamaziko a chakudya cha lamulo limeneli, bwalo ayenera kuyendera mlandu milandu ndi kuwapatsa iwo ziyenera yoyenera. Palibe munthu mudzazichita, mu ulemu umene mlandu, sayenera kutsimikizira wosalakwa M'malo mwake, ndi ntchito kufufuza ndi kufunsitsa za matupi. umboni onse ayenera analandira kudzera mwa lamulo. Ngati iwo yotengedwa ntchito chiwawa kapena kuwaopseza, loya singakhale iwo. Ndipo potsiriza, mmodzi wa mfundo zikuluzikulu: a kukayikira zonse za mlandu adzakhala kutanthauziridwa mu mtima ndi mfiti.

khoti mosakondera

Category, popanda zomwe kukhazikitsa mfundo za mpikisano sizingatheke. The zikuchokera bwalo ayenera kuonetsetsa mosakondera ndiponso mopanda tsankho lililonse la mlandu, zochita zonse za bwalo ayenera kupita ku ziyenera palokha umboni umene zipani. Ngati wozenga siligwirizana ndi mlandu kukhoti sangathe kupitiriza lokha mayesero.

Pomaliza

Inviolable kulemekeza ulamulilo wa lamulo, anakhazikitsa malamulo ndi Constitution la dziko lathu pa nkhani ya kukhala ofanana ndi mpikisano mu khoti, kungakuthandizeni kupewa zolakwa za chilamulo ndi akadzipereka kwa imposition chabe ndi chololedwa chisankho. adversarial mfundo optionality ndi kuyanjana kwa zipani - chiyambi chachikulu mlandu.