Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov: zosangalatsa za moyo, ntchito

Today ife kulankhula za chotero wotchuka otchuka kwambiri lero, Russian wolemba Mikhail Bulgakov. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa mwini, komanso mbali ya ntchito yake, ena tsiku mbiri adzakhala cholinga cha nkhani imeneyi.

A pang'ono mbiri

moyo wolemba sankafuna amasiyana mosalekeza. Today Mikhail Bulgakov akanakhoza kuyang'ana ngati wopempha, koma kulemera mawa, mindlessly ndalama pa mabwenzi abwino.

Pali maganizo olakwika kuti Bulgakov anasankha wolemba ndi mochedwa - chokha kwa zaka 30. Komabe, maneno awa ali kutali ndi choonadi. Lembani wolemba anayamba m'banda. Amadziwika za limasimba ntchito zake "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Svetlana", umene unalembedwa zaka 7. Pa dzanja lina, ngati ife kulankhula kulemba monga ntchito zonse kunachitika, ndiye, ndithudi, Bulgakov anabwera kamodzi. Tisaiwale kuti choyambirira miyala Bulgakov wakhala zimapezeka ndi mankhwalawa. Kwenikweni, iye sanangokhala yochizira matenda ndi atayamba wolemba wotchuka.

Bulgakov maphunziro University Medical mu 1916, kenako yogawa anapita Smolensk, ku malo a dokotala. Iye anali limodzi ndi mkazi wake Tatiana. Yachokera pa Maulendo a zaka, wolemba walemba mndandanda wa nkhani, "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala."

Koma si choncho prosaic kuti zingaoneke, ndi njira kuti anali Bulgakov. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa wolemba, amene ife azipereka pansipa, lolani kuti aone zimenezi.

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Mu 1920 ntchito ya Bulgakov kutenga kutsutsa zoipa. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti wolemba silinachirikize maganizo Soviet ndi kuyimba boma latsopano. Mwachitsanzo, sewerolo "Flight" si kuvala siteji, monga otsutsa amanenela odana Soviet.

Wolemba ali analengeza poyera kuti zisinthe amakonda kusanduka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Bulgakov House mobwerezabwereza anafufuza ndi NKVD, ndi wolemba pafupifupi onse moyo wake ankazunzidwa.

Sale moyo

Iye anali ndi chidwi ku mitundu yonse ya nkhani lachinsinsi mu nthano ndi mabuku Bulgakov. Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa wolemba monga nthawi pamene iye anachita chidwi ndi sewero la "Faust". Bulgakov anali kangapo pa ntchito pa Bolshoi Theatre. fano la ngwazi za ankakonda woyambitsa Faust, ndi kugulitsa zokhudzana za cholinga cha moyo.

Posachedwa Bulgakov anakakamizika amavomereza kuti malingaliro Stalin - kulemba nalemekeza sewero lake. Pambuyo pake, Mr Mikhail anayamba kudziyerekeza ndi Faust - anafunikiranso "kugulitsa moyo wake kwa satana."

khalidwe chosowacho

Munthu achirendo kwambiri anali Bulgakov (chidwi mfundo zimasonyeza kuti izi). Mwachitsanzo, mu 1937 olemba ankafunika kugonjera angapo masewero za chikumbutso cha imfa ya A. S. Pushkina. Bulgakov anali mmodzi wa olembawo ndipo anaperekanso sewero lake, Potchula kuti "Alexander Pushkin". Koma chomwe izo zinali chodabwitsa kwa omvera pa siteji ndi sanawonekere protagonist.

Bulgakov ankaganiza kuti izo zikanakhala zoipa ndi zolaula kuwonetsera pa wosewera siteji, zovala lalikulu Russian wolemba. Choncho, wolemba amaona maonekedwe zosavomerezeka pa siteji ya "Pushkin".

chuma

"Chuma" Mihaila Bulgakova mu malo oyamba, ndithudi, kugwirizana ndi buku "The White Alonda". Popeza kuti iye ndi nkhani kwambiri za m'nyumba yanu Kiev mu mankhwala, kupangitsa munthu wa kumitu ya kanthu. Imeneyo nde nyumba ya ngwazi za chuma chobisika. owerenga ambiri kwambiri anatenga monga choonadi. Choncho, posachedwapa nyumba inali kwenikweni ankaiphwasula njerwa ndi njerwa. Pa nthawiyi, Bulgakov analibe, koma mfundo imeneyi anali moyipa adazindikira mwa eni latsopano.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti ayesetsa onse, chuma silinapezeke. Ndipo okha maziko anakhalabe ndi nyumba.

wokomamtima

Ndi zachilendo, koma kuti buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" inapatulidwa ndi wolemba wokondedwa Nuremberg Elena Sergeevna, osati aliyense amadziwa. Mkazi uyu anali mbuye lotsiriza la Bulgakov. Pa nthawi ya msonkhano, onse ndi mabanja ubale anabweretsa osati chimwemwe, komanso kuvutika.

Polemba Romana Bulgakov inayamba mu 1929, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo iye anapatsidwa buku lotchedwa "Venediktov, kapena zochitika wosaiwalika wa moyo wanga," A. Chayanov. The atchulidwa m'buku lino anali mdierekezi, ndi wophunzira dzina la Bulgakov, amene amakakamizidwa kulimbana ndi kalonga wa mdima moyo wa okondedwa ake. Nkhani itha ndi okonda pawiri. Akukhulupirira kuti anasankha uyu anali kutsogolera kwa kulemba "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita."

Voland

"Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" ndi wotchuka ntchito onse amene analemba kuti Bulgakov. Wambiri, mfundo chidwi ndi maonekedwe a zilandiridwenso choncho amaganizira chilengedwe ichi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, sangathe kunyalanyaza chithunzi Woland. Bulgakov ali anabwereka dzina lake Mephistopheles ku ndakatulo ndi Goethe a "Faust." Choncho mdierekezi ankadzitcha, atafunsidwa mizimu yoipa tiyeni kuti adutse.

Baibulo loyambirira la "The Master ndi Margarita" lili nkhani ya Woland, amene adatenga tsamba 15. Komabe, buku la Bulgakov kuchotsedwa mindandanda kwa chifuniro onse, ndi pa mphindi gawo ili la buku la pafupifupi ankaona kutaika.

Komanso, ena drafts, pamodzi ndi Woland dzina wamba Astaroth. Komabe, patapita Bulgakov anakana dzina, mwina chifukwa Astaroth otchedwa wamphamvu chiwanda, koma si wolamulira wa gehena.

"Galu" Bulgakov

Wotchuka buku "Mtima wa Dog" ndi mankhwala wamba: Mipira - izi ndi nthumwi ankaikira lumpenproletariat, amene, ndi mphamvu, amayamba kuwononga mtundu wawo. Komabe, pali zochepa odziwika kutanthauzira.

Choncho, mpira (dzina chachiwiri Chugunkin) - Stalin, popeza onse ndi "chitsulo" labambo. Professor la Chiwalitsiro - Lenin, amene kusandulika dziko lonse (atulukira Professor akuwafanizira ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo la ndale). Dr. Bormental - Trotsky, monga nthawi zonse sizigwirizana ndi mpira Stalin. Shvonder - ndi mwala, ndipo Zina - Zinoviev, etc ...

mphaka mvuu

Izi ndi khalidwe lina zodabwitsa, amene adakwera kudza ndi Bulgakov. Wambiri (chidwi mfundo komanso) zikusonyeza kuti mvuu wakhalapo ndi zinachitika kwenikweni.

Komabe, sizinali mphaka ndi Bulgakov ankakonda wakuda galu dzina lake mvuu. Animal maganizo osiyana ndi wolemba linamangidwa kwa izo.

"Ivan Vasilievich"

Mu 1934 Mikhail Bulgakov analemba odziwika bwino lero, kusewera "Ivan Vasilievich". Pamene ntchito inali okha olembedwa, ambiri ankaopa kuti izo sizigwira adzaperekedwa chifukwa cha kufanana amphamvu Ivana Groznogo kuti Stalin.

Izi atsimikizira kukhala owona. Play amaonetsa ankangoona mu 1973, chifukwa kujambula anatenga Leonid Gaidai. Mkuluyu anayesa kusunga nkhani pachiyambi, koma chenicheni cha 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anali kusinthidwa pa 70 ndi. Komabe, filimuyi anali bwino dizzying.

Bulgakov nyumba

Kapena "Bulgakov Nyumba" - wotchuka owonetsera zakale-zisudzo mu Moscow, ili Bolshaya Sadovaya, nyumba nambala 10. Apa, kuchokera 1921 mpaka 1924 wolemba moyo.

M'nyumbayi akupereka chionetsero odzipereka kwa moyo ndi ntchito ya Bulgakov, ndiwo nthawi zonse. Komanso zosiyanasiyana zisudzo zoyenera wolemba unachitikira mu nyumbayi. Nthawi zambiri ngakhale kutenga malo kunja nyumba ya - nsanja pamakwerero, chilimwe bwalo, bwalo.