Mitundu yosiyanasiyana mawaya. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti chingwe chodetsa ndi waya

The ntchito magetsi - ndithu nkhani zovuta kuti bwino kumanzere kwa katswiri mu munda. Komabe, mu nkhani ya kukhala kugula zingwe, mawaya ndi zingwe zosiyanasiyana unsembe m'pofunika kudziŵa olemba awo. Kumasonyeza wa kutchinjiriza mankhwala alphanumeric cipher ndi mawaya.

Panopa aliyense wopanga akuimira zizindikiro mankhwala ake, wosuta aliyense, kuyang'ana pa iye, sankamvetsa zimene mankhwala anapangidwa, kodi oveteredwa kupirira voteji, mtundu wa gawo mtanda, komanso mbali ya kamangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa kutchinjiriza.

Kutsatira magawo awa, onse mafakitale ndi makampani, chinkhoswe mu zotsimikizira mankhwala magetsi zifunika ntchito muyezo mayiko - GOST. Kulemba mawaya komanso zimathandiza kuti effortlessly kudziwa malo gawo, ziro, ndi zina - ndi nthaka. Taganizirani waukulu mankhwala magetsi msika.

zingwe

zingwe magetsi kubwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi ntchito. Iwonso zigwirizana mkuwa kapena zotayidwa akuwauza, amene matabwa ndi anasonkhana pansi mofanana kapena mosiyana zipangizo kumulowetsa zopangidwa pulasitiki kapena PVC. Komanso, nthawi zina pali zina zoteteza m'chimake a Mzere zitsulo.

Malinga ndi ntchito mtundu chodetsa mawaya angakhalenso osiyana. Choncho, amadziŵika:

• RF zingwe zimene zimafalitsa chizindikiro wailesi ndi mavidiyo.
• Ulamuliro mbendera kufala kapena zipangizo zina.
• Mphamvu zingwe ntchito zipangizo kuunikira kwa kufala kwa magetsi. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zoweta ndi Kulumikizana kunja.
• Kusamutsa aya zingwe ntchito, angathe kuchititsa panopa mafurikwense osiyana.
• The zingwe ulamuliro zokha ntchito, ndiwo mkuwa mawaya kuti ali pansi chotchinga choteteza, asamathere chopinga ndiponso kuteteza ntchito kuwononga makina.

waya

mankhwala anapanga a mawaya angapo kapena chimodzi chokha, wotchedwa waya. Nthawi zambiri, koyilo pulasitiki, waya zochepa, komanso kukumana ndi kuchita popanda kudzipatula.

Panopa, zokonda zambiri zapatsidwa kwa mawaya, komwe mawaya za mkuwa kapena zotayidwa. mankhwala ameneŵa ntchito osati ntchito magetsi, komanso mota kumulowetsa.

Zotayidwa mawaya ndi mtengo wotsika, koma sangathe waukulu ankaona kuti n'zosatheka kugwirizana ndi anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, mkuwa. Brassware bwino kupirira katundu, koma panja oxidize mofulumira ndi okwera mtengo.

Kulemba mawaya amagetsi chimadaliranso ntchito ankafuna. Unsembe ndi ntchito mphamvu, mkati ndi kunja malo a. Assembly, nayenso, ntchito yosonkhanitsa madera zamagetsi ku matabwa kapena mawailesi.

zingwe

Chingwe limapangidwa mitsempha zingapo ndi yaing'ono mtanda gawo lomwe zigwirizana mawaya ambiri zapiringizana. Nthawi zambiri mankhwala magetsi anapereka Shackleton zingwe, koyilo amene ali sanali zachitsulo.

The ntchito zikuluzikulu za zingwe chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa paziyangoyango za mafakitale ndi banja zipangizo.

Code kalata

Aliyense mankhwala magetsi ayenera zaikidwa malinga ndi GOST. Kalata yoyamba kuimira zinthu zomwe pachimake wapangidwa. Ngati ndi mkuwa, kalatayo sanagaŵiridwe ngati zotayidwa, izo zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro m'kalata "A".

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti chingwe chodetsa ndi waya kalata yachiwiri akulongosola mtundu zakuthupi kapena kutchinjiriza. Izo zimatengera mtundu wa waya, akhoza kulemba monga "P", "M", "MG", "K", "Y" womwe ndi lathyathyathya, ukuonekera, ukuonekera ndi ochititsa kusintha, mawaya ulamuliro ndi zikutanthauza ogwiritsa. The unsembe akhoza kudzakhala ngati "R" kapena "W".

Kenako, kalata yachitatu, amanena za malonda chuma koyilo:

• "K" - monofilament;
• "C" - fiberglass;
• "BP" kapena "P" - PVC;
• "F" - zitsulo;
• "E" - isagwe;
• "P" - mphira;
• "INE" - enamel;
• "T" - ndi kumulowetsa chonyamulira ndi torso ndi;
• "HP" kapena "H" - nayritovaya;
• "L" - lacquered;
• "G" - kumulowetsa amoyo kusintha;
• "O" ndi "W" - polyamide silika monga kuluka kapena kudzipatula.

Mawaya amathanso kalata chachinayi, limene limafotokoza kapangidwe ka mankhwala magetsi:

• "K" - waya oti muli nazo zida mawaya a gawo zozungulira mtanda;
• "A" - phula waya;
• "T" - kwa mankhwala ntchito machubu;
• "B" - oti muli nazo zida maliboni;
• "O" - pamaso pa m'chimake zodzitetezera;
• "D" - chifukwa waya - kusintha, ndi chingwe - popanda chitetezo.

Intaneti chodetsa

Chodetsa nthambo za magetsi ya manambala woyamba limasonyeza chiwerengero cha mitima, ngati palibe, kondakitala ali wochititsa chimodzi chokha. Wachiwiri ndi wachitatu manambala akuimira waya kukula mu millimeters lalikulu ndi oveteredwa kupirira voteji.

grounding

Ambiri mwa mitundu ya mawaya lakonzedwa kuti magawowa Kulumikizana ntchito ndi chitetezo kukhazikitsa ake.

Malinga ndi ulamuliro wa magetsi chipangizo kudzipatula pansi wochititsa ayenera enaake chikasu. Nthawi zina, mtundu kokha zobiriwira kapena okha chikasu.

Pakuti earthing mawaya mtundu chodetsa umagwiritsidwa kapena longitudinally kapena transversely. Kulumikizana chithunzi "nthaka" nthawi amaimira zilembo "RE", amenenso limatchedwa chitetezo ziro.

ziro

Kukhudzana ndale wosachita mlandu voteji, koma kokha kalozera. Mawaya mtundu kukhala bluish kapena buluu kulocha. Zero mu chithunzi dera angathe kukonzedwa ngati «N».

gawo

Gawo wochititsa nthawi zonse zikundithandiza pamene olumikizidwa kwa maukonde. Chodetsa akuda gawo ochititsa ungadzakhazikitsidwe mithunzi ambiri a mtundu - bulauni, wakuda, cyan, wofiirira, imvi, ndi ena. Koma ambiri ochititsa gawo ndi loyera kapena lakuda.

Cholembera-wochititsa

Mu nyumba zogona kapena chipinda ayenera kukhala pansi kapena zikutha Kulumikizana. Panopa, khalidwe lenileni la grounding TN-C-dongosolo kuti kumaphatikizapo kaphatikizidwe waya TNS. Mawaya mtundu superimposed dongosolo chotero, lidzachoka lachikasu wobiriwira yabuluu.

Choyamba tiyenera kugawa wochititsa mu matayala awiri - Pe ndi N, amene kenako cholukanalukana jumper pakati kapena mbali ziwiri. Ndiye kachiwiri kuuluka Pe basi ndi kukana onani.

Kodi kumasulila pansi, ndale ndi gawo?

Nthawi zina pa kukonza kapena kukonzanso kwa Kulumikizana ndi kofunika kudziwa waya ndi zomwe. Koma izo zimachitika kuti mawaya mtundu uwu si angakuthandizeni, kuyambira chifukwa cha moyo wautali utumiki, kapena mu nkhani iyi, dera lalifupi zosatheka.

Tikhoza vutoli mwa ntchito screwdriver chizindikiro, ambiri amatchedwa "ulamuliro kusindikiza". Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino pa nkhani amalumikizana limodzi-gawo popanda lapansi waya. Choyamba, muyenera zimitsani magetsi kupasuka ochititsa onse mu mbali ndi kachiwiri chishango magetsi. Pambuyo pake, kubweretsa chizindikiro screwdriver mmodzi wa mawaya. Ngati kuwala pa ", kuugwira amene" inawala, motero, waya ndipo gawo, ndipo yotsala moyo - ziro.

Ngati atatu wochititsa Kulumikizana kwa tanthauzo la chilichonse cha mawaya, mungagwiritse ntchito multimeter. chipangizo chimenechi ali mawaya awiri. Kuyamba ndi kuyamba ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa voteji mwadzina la volts 220. Pambuyo kuti munthu waya multimeter kukonza pa kukhudzana ndi gawo, ndi zina kudziwa pansi kapena ndale. Ngati waya chachiwiri chikupezeka lapansi waya pa kuwerenga chida adzaleka pang'ono pansipa 220, ndipo ngati ziro, ndi voteji kudzasiya mu volts 220.

A njira lachitatu kudziŵa mawaya angagwiritsidwe ntchito choncho dzanja sanali screwdriver kapena multimeter. Zimenezi zingakuthandizeni mawaya, lomwe nthawi iliyonse kupeza zikande siidzasoŵa mu buluu ndi buluu mitundu. Otsala zikhomo ziwiri kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kudziwa.

Ngati mmodzi wa ojambula mtundu ndi zina zakuda kapena zoyera, zikuoneka kuti mtundu gawo. Malinga ndi mfundo wakale, mtundu wakuda ndi loyera likuimira waya pansi.

Komanso, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a unsembe wa zamagetsi, mtundu woyera amalembedwa chiwembu cha waya.

Olemba DC dera

waya chodetsa maukonde DC voteji ali ndi wofiira mtundu kutchinjiriza kuphatikiza, ndi wakuda - kuti opanda. Ngati maukonde ndi atatu gawo, gawo lirilonse adzakhala ndi zenizeni zake mtundu: wofiira, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira. Zero ndi nthaka, mwachizolowezi, adzakhala buluu ndi lachikasu wobiriwira.

Ngati chingwe kulowa pa 380 volts, waya gawo zizigwirizana ndi wakuda, woyera ndi wofiira kutchinjiriza ndi mtundu zandale, ndipo "dziko lapansi" lizidzachita zikutsatiridwa, monga momwe zilili ndi zopezera volts 220.

Self-chizindikiritso cha mawaya

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mtundu woyenera, mukhoza paokha kusintha mtundu wa waya womwewo ankagwiritsa pansi, gawo ndi nthaka. Pankhaniyi, decoding chodetsa mawaya adzakhala kwambiri.

Mukhoza kupanga zizindikiro ang'onoang'ono mawaya, zimene kenako kukhala zothandiza kwambiri. Mukhozanso ntchito wachikuda magetsi tepi ndi kukulunga waya malinga ndi kulemba.

Pakali pano, kufunika kwakukulu kwa manja mapeto, amene wachikuda pulasitiki timachubu, angathe kutentha shrinkage. Pankhani ya matayala izo ndi zofunika amatchula malekezero waya.