Zima mbewu kufesa, kusamala tillage, chifukwa cha imfa

mbewu Zima machitidwe kwambiri ulimi wa kulima angapereke zokolola mpaka 60-80 makilogalamu / ha. Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi, ndikofunikira kugwira kukonzekera seedbed popanda kusokoneza luso kutsatira masiku kubzala, ntchito mulingo woyenera kufesa njira gawo yeniyeni ndi kuwasamalira bwino zomera mu nyengo ya kukula ndi kusasitsa. Ndiye imfa ya mbewu yozizira zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi magawo osachepera.

Lingaliro la chisanu ndi chilimwe mbewu

Zima mbewu - zomera pachaka, monga chimanga, kawirikawiri mabanja monga chimanga. Zomera zimenezi zili mu ndondomeko ya ntchito zake zofunika amafuna overwintering kwa miyezi yambiri. mbewu yozizira nkhumba muyenera kugwa ndipo pambuyo yozizira yokolola. Izi mitundu ya zomera ndi yozizira tirigu, balere, rye.

Komanso, pali mbewu yozizira masika mkate. Mosiyana ndi mbewu yozizira masika mbewu ayenera kubzala mu kasupe kukolola m'chaka cha kufesa. Izi zomera pachaka zimafuna apamwamba kutentha ndi ofunda kasupe dzuwa. mbewu zikuphatikizapo maganizo a kasupe tirigu, balere, rye, Mapila, mapira, ndi mitundu zina zambiri.

Ubwino mbewu yozizira

Spring ndi yozizira mbewu ankagwiritsa ntchito ulimi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera awa anali kudya nyama, ufa mphero ndi mowa mopitirira anthu.

Komabe, pali yozizira zomera ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa ndi unyinji wa ubwino kwachilengedwenso:

1. Zima chikhalidwe kudziunjikira zambiri zothandiza misa akufotokozera m'nthawi ya wintering mizu yolimba.
2. Pambuyo zomera yozizira odziwa mwamsanga kupita ku kukula. Iwo mizu kale kwambiri ndipo chifukwa cha kupsa kale.
3. Namsongole mbewu yozizira si chopinga: iwo bwinobwino awapeze mu kukula ndi chitukuko ndi chabe adzawonongedwa ndi thupi lawo.

Komanso, m'dzinja kubzala ndi oyambirira kukolola chilolezo kutula mavuto a zaulimi.

Moyenera kubzala nthawi kumawonjezera hardiness mbewu yozizira

Zima mbewu ndi mkulu chisanu kukana ndi yozizira hardiness. Zima hardiness amalola chomera anatengera kwa zinthu yozizira. Childs, chuma ichi zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Komabe, zimadalira chinthu anthu: ndikofunika bwino kukonzekera zomera la chisanu ndi ntchito apamwamba katswiri ulimi. Hardiness zimatheka ndi oipa, zomwe zimachitika magawo awiri. Gawo loyamba chimaposa pa kutentha ofunda kugwa amakhala ndi 8-15. Mu ndime yachiwiri ndi nthawi yotsiriza yophukira wofooka ozizira kutentha ndi adatchithisira mpaka madigiri 5.

Gawo loyamba ndi udindo kudzikundikira kuchuluka kwa chakudya zomera. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyamba dzuwa osiyanasiyana ali chikhalidwe ndi 2-3 kuposa chiyambi cha nthawi. Chakudya chomera ntchito kasupe kuthandiza kukula amphamvu ndi chitukuko. Komanso, shuga kukwaniritsa ndi ntchito yofunika zozitetezera.

Pa yachiwiri mbewu zimakhala ndi limafooka, kusintha mu chomera maselo. Iwo wayamba kusintha ndi madzi kistochny, amene amathandiza kukwaniritsa hardiness. Poyamba chisanu digiri 5 chomera maselo akupanga yosavuta mankhwala ukuwonjezeka osmosis mkati maselo. Culture yaitali akugwirizira madzi ndi kuonjezera mizu yake woyamwa mphamvu. Ndi nthawi ya akamaliza yachiwiri kuumitsa maselo mbewu yozizira ndi zinthu zofunika supercooling. mankhwala zovuta ndi lamamatira kuti zinthu chosavuta.

Yofesa mbewu yozizira zimadalira makhalidwe nyengo ya chigawo chomwe mufuna. Mu kumpoto kwa mbewu opangidwa mu August, kum'mwera - mu September kapena October. Mfundo yaikulu - kulola zomera overwintering kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mizu ndi kubatizidwa kuumitsa siteji bwinobwino. Musawafulumizitse kuti kubzala: zomera sadzakhalanso nkhani zosiyanasiyana matenda ndi tizilombo. Komabe, ngati belated mbewu yozizira pamaso frosts alibe nthawi kukhala mizu yolimba komanso kukonzekera yozizira. Anapeza kuti chitukuko zabwinobwino komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbewu amafuna pafupifupi 45-60 masiku ndi kutentha m'munsimu 5 madigiri Celsius.

tirigu kufesa zizichitidwa kale kwambiri kufesa rye. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pambuyo kufesa rye akupitirizabe kukula, pamene tirigu kale anasiya izo.

Njira mbewu yozizira

Pali njira zingapo kufesa mbewu yozizira. Inunso ayenera kumamatira lamulo ili: m'pofunika kuonetsetsa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa mbewu pa malo lonse kumunda. Razbrosnoy kufesa mbewu yozizira amalenga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kusasitsa za mbewu iliyonse. Pakuti njira imeneyi seeding, wapadera chipangizo - ndi seeder. Komabe, njira imeneyi kubweza ndondomeko kupanga kufesa, zotsatira m'chaching'ono ntchito zake kakwamba misa.

Private kufesa mbewu yozizira akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yambiri malingana m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ya:

• wabwinobwino (m'lifupi pakati pa mizere 15-18 cm);
• chatsekedwa akufa pochita (m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ya 7.5-9 cm);
• mtanda (akufa pochita kuwonjezera crosswise);
• shirokorjadnyj (m'lifupi pakati pa mizere 45-90 cm);
• Lamba (alternating mizere lonse ndi yopapatiza);
• lili (ngakhale dongosolo umodzi wa mbewu).

Palinso lalikulu-limodzi view kufesa mbewu amene ali mu ngondya a lalikulu ndi.

Mu kupanga amangoona ntchito ochiritsira olimba seeding, koma mbewu chatsekedwa akufa pochita ndi zoyenera zambiri izi. Chifukwa cha compaction dothi galimoto mathirakitala pa munda anayamba kuchita mbewu ndi yotsalira m'lifupi kwa ndondomekoyi. Kukula kwa oterowo njanji ali wofanana 180 kapena 140 cm. Njira sikukuvulaza mbewu ndipo alibe kuvulaza nthaka, amene bwino zinthu mbewu yozizira kukula.

Pre-kufesa kukonzekera nthaka pambuyo zikhalidwe nthunzi

Nthaka tillage mbewu yozizira umatulutsa njira zjablevoj. mtundu Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo akulima mu yophukira ndi 1-2 khungu. Yolima kumunda kuchitikira akuya osachepera 20-22 cm. Spring ntchito pa mbewu yozizira ayenera kuyamba ndi kutsekera chinyontho. Nthawi imeneyi ndi wolakalakika za 4-5 ndi cultivations wotopetsa kapena nthawi youma pakubwezeretsa. Kulima komaliza ziyenera kuchitika pa akuya seeding.

Zima mbewu amafuna kukonzekera nthaka lapadera: akulima ntchito mapulawo ndi kuswa zibuma ndi skimmers ndi odzigudubuza ringed. Pambuyo kuchititsa ntchito zimenezi nthaka ayenera anakhalabe mu woyera ndi anamasuka pamaso kubzala mbewu yozizira. mtundu kukonzekera seedbed ikuchitika pambuyo precursors nthunzi.

Seedbed kukonzekera pambuyo mbewu nonfallow

M'thaka pambuyo nonfallow chomera ayenera kukhala malinga ndi luso kulima mbewu m'mbuyomu. Pambuyo spiked mitundu wamba kugwiritsa ntchito poluparovoe kulima nthaka, ngati zinthu chinyezi nthaka. Ntchito pazikhalanso za 2-3 cultivations. Pa dothi youma kuchititsa odulidwa kuyambirira, komanso nthawi ndiye zingapo ndi munda analima pakubwezeretsa ndi lalikulu. Pambuyo Kutolere perennials muyenera kucheza akulima khasu ndi coulters, ngati chinyezi nthaka pa mlingo wokwanira.

Ngati kutchire mpaka ichi anali wachikulire nandolo, fulakesi kapena grouts mbewu zina, m'pofunika kuti kulima, ndi pamaso seeding kulima momwemo monga mwachizolowezi.

Njira tillage osachepera

Pali njira tillage osachepera mbewu yozizira. Pamene phunziroli izi kukonzedwa kwa akuya osachepera zotheka pamene akuchita ntchito zina. Mtundu uwu wa processing limalola kuchepetsa nthawi ndi mowa mphamvu kwa processing, komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha umadutsa zipangizo kumunda. Izi bwino kwambiri makhalidwe agrochemical ndi madzi m'thupi la nthaka.

Kugwiritsa mtundu wa mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito makina wapadera pamodzi litayamba kapena ploskoreznoj mbali. zipangizo woteroyo chikudutsa umodzi ndipo akhoza kumasula ndi kuchulutsa, ndipo yaying'ono nthaka.

Kodi chifukwa cha imfa ya mbewu yozizira?

Zimayambitsa imfa zosiyanasiyana mbewu yozizira. Pa zomera zingakhudze zinthu zonse achibadwa ndi kuwononga makina. zinthu Natural chifukwa cha kusintha mofulumira kutentha, mvula mkulu, frosts amphamvu ndi yaitali, stagnation chinyezi ndi madzi padziko nthaka. Komanso, mbewu yozizira zikhoza pansi matenda a mafangasi.

Kuzizira. Momwe mungapewere?

Chifukwa ambiri imfa ya mbewu yozizira - kuzizira. Chifukwa yaitali otsika mitundu kutentha ayezi mu chomera maselo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, khungu cytoplasm amakhalabe wopanda madzi, monga mapuloteni waonongeka. Mapangidwe ayezi mkati maselo ali mavuto aakulu pa ntchito moyo wa zomera. kasupe frosts oopsa kwambiri, makamaka, monga yozizira zomera sangaime kutentha monga otsika monga 8-10 madigiri nthawi imeneyi.

Pofuna kupewa imfa ya mbewu yozizira chifukwa kuzizira zawo, muyenera kubzala okha mitundu chisanu zosagwira ndinazolowera chigawo chomwe mufuna mbewu, kapena kumtunda ndi windbreaks.

Damping kwambiri. Momwe mungapewere?

chifukwa chinanso cha imfa ya zomera yozizira - damping kwambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati dothi pamwamba chisanu si kusungunula kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso tsankho yozizira koopsa kwa nthaka. The gawo-yozizira koopsa wa nthaka kapena mapangidwe ayezi kutumphuka padziko zomera yozizira ndi moyo mchikakamizo cha kuwala, koma dzuwa sangalowerere ikafika kutumphuka. Pamene damping-kuchokera kwa zomera yozizira kufa chifukwa chosowa kuwala chisanu. Komanso, attenuated akusowa michere, matalala nkhungu zomera kudwala.

zomera sanali anakhudzidwa ndi damping-kutali, ayenera tikaumbike odzigudubuza nthaka, ngati anagwa chisanu oyambirira. M'pofunika kupewa asafe feteleza ndi kufesa oyambirira. Mu chochitika cha mvula kwambiri kuli kofunika imathandizira pa ndondomeko ya kusungunuka, tithe kumvetsa kumasulira chisanu.

Waterlogging. The njira ya kulimbana

Waterlogging chifukwa china imfa ya zomera, zambiri amapezeka mu otsika pa dothi dongo kapena m'madera madzi zambiri amasonkhana. Zomera kufa chifukwa njira kupuma kulephera: kwambiri ndalama chakudya kuchirikiza moyo. Mu masabata 2 zinthu izi zomera kwathunthu kufa. Pofuna kupewa mavuto a madzi owonjezera, kuchita mitundu mbewu kugonjetsedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi komanso n'zotheka kuti kuchotsa anasonkhanitsa chinyezi.

Nthawi zambiri, zomera kufa chifukwa cha mapangidwe crusts ayezi. The owopsa kwa moyo wa zomera mandala kutumphuka. Iwo apangidwa pa m'firiji pamtunda, pamene madzi kusungunuka amaundana pa otsika kutentha. Ice akhoza kupanga onse pa nyemba zanu ndipo mumtima mwanga ake. Zimagwidwa otsekeredwa mu ayezi. Kupanga ayezi kutumphuka si bwanji zomera, m'pofunika kuwononga, mu gawo kapena kwathunthu.

Kupulumusa zomera limafooka komanso kupewa mavuto ena akuluakulu a kukula kwa mbewu nthawi kuti m'thaka ndi ntchito masika compacting.

Imfa matenda chisanu ndi tizirombo

Kuteteza chiwonongeko cha mbewu yozizira ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, zinthu zimenezi kumafunika kuti tigwire mu nthawi yake:

• kupewa waterlogging ndi damping wolemera njira;
• etch mbewu pamaso kubzala;
• kuchititsa mankhwala otetezera a mbewu ndi ndende mankhwala osachepera;
• Mwambo mapanga sikani mbewuzi kulamulira thanzi mbewu;
• pamaso pa kuwonongeka mbewu ndi tizirombo kapena matenda kupenda chiopsezo kufala kwa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu;
• malingana mlingo wa chiopsezo pokonza mbewu chofunika ndende ya mankhwala.

zotsatira

Spring ndi yozizira mbewu ayenera kukhala wamkulu ntchito njira zamakono kwambiri. Woyenera, zochokera mwasayansi kufika kwa kulima mbewu monga chimanga adzalola mkulu zokolola ndi profitability pazipita.