Ng'ombe nyama mtundu: malangizo kulima ndi mbali

Ng'ombe kuswana wakudya anthu tsopano kuti mzere zaka, kutipatsa ife nyama, mkaka ndi zikopa. Kumene, zaposachedwapa, mitundu ya ng'ombe za mkaka kumathandiza kwambiri makamaka m'mayiko ambiri koma akadali ng'ombe nyama zimasokoneza ndi maziko a moyo wa mayiko ambiri (Canada, Brazil, Argentina).

The chochitika yamasika chifukwa chakuti m'zaka zaposachedwapa anthu akhala kalikiliki kuwonjezeka zonse mu mtengo wa nyama ndi nyama mankhwala. Choncho, kuswana nyama ndi kukhala yopindulitsa kwambiri malonda. Oddly okwanira, koma nyama za mtundu ng'ombe Russia akadali yosowa kwambiri, zomwe ndi chisoni.

Features ng'ombe ngati

Tikumbukenso kuti zoposa zikwi Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ng'ombe ali padziko lapansi. Koma amanena za nyama ya osapitirira zana a iwo. Miyala imeneyi ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri nyengo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi kukana wabwino matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndi gulu ndondomeko mitundu yake kuswana ng'ombe ng'ombe n'kopindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa amafuna nawo osachepera anthu mu ndondomekoyi. chakuti ng'ombe awa sali anaikama. Ng'ombe alinso ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo chisamaliro zapadera iwo amafuna.

Khalidwe ulimi wa ng'ombe ng'ombe

Ngati Tikayerekeza ndi Mitundu mkaka, ali ndi chidwi zedi makhalidwe zipatso: 100 ng'ombe kunja kwa dongosolo 95 ng'ombe, ng'ombe ng'ombe akuwonjezeka tsiku lina chabe magalamu 1050-1200 nyama koyera. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti pa kilogalamu wa kunenepa yaikulu mayunitsi chakudya 6,5-7 yekha.

Kufunika kusankha malo

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti zotsatira mkulu wa ng'ombe nyama mtundu amasonyeza pokhapokha ngati inu bwino kusankha akadakwanitsira zachilengedwe zone nyengo. Ngati mtundu alibe ndinazolowera zone anu nyengo, nyama achepetsa kukana matenda, pali mavuto ndi ntchito za uchembere wabwino, ndipo kumasonyezanso akonzedwa yaitali zolemera.

Mwachidule, apamwamba zotheka zokolola za maziko majini a nyama kokha ngati uli zinthu mofanana zinthu zimene kuchotsa mtundu anatenga malo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu kubweretsa ng'ombe Aberdeen-Angus zimasokoneza ku Brazil chomwecho, ndi kusankha kutuluka izo ana chapakati Russia, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti udzatero zinthu zabwino.

Kodi pali miyala yabwino kwa ng'ombe ng'ombe kuswana mu Russia?

Makamaka nyengo ng'ombe Mitundu ya ng'ombe madera ambiri a North Caucasus. Ndipo, oddly mokwanira, madera ena a Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia. Kodi mtundu wa ng'ombe zipatso akadakwanitsira nyama? Bwino analandira Kalmyk, Chikazaki Whitehead, komanso mtundu Hereford.

Mwina kuganizira zosiyanasiyana masika. Patangotha chaka chimodzi ndi theka Hereford kale ku kulemera pazipita patsiku ndi gobies anawonjezera magalamu 1500. Pafupifupi pa kilogalamu fupa mwa makilogalamu osachepera 5.5 nyama. Nyama za mtundu umenewu ndi kothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya chakudya kuti ntchito kulima awo. Choncho, chibadwire kuti aphe pa kilogalamu wa kunenepa yaikulu osapitirira 11,3 chakudya mayunitsi. Awa ndi mawu a okweza ng'ombe nyama Mitundu (pafupifupi zonse osati Hereford).

Ndi kutchula Aberdeen-Angus mtundu, amene takambirana kale pamwambapa ofunika. Oddly, koma nyama zimenezi loyenereradi kwa Russian, koma inu muyenera kupeza anthu oimira ake amene anali kale ndinazoloŵera m'dziko lathu. Kwa masiku 21 okha angathe kupeza ng'ombe yolemera makilogalamu 200, ambiri kukula kugunda ndi magalamu osachepera 800.

Mfundo mndandanda wa Mitundu ng'ombe ng'ombe akhoza anapitiriza. Anafuulira zonse sitidzakhala dzina, koma tinapereka yekha mitundu ziweto zili zotheka kawetedwe zinthu zathu nyengo.

luso kulima

Ngati mufuna kukula ng'ombe nyama mtundu, ndiye muyenera kukumbukira mbali ziwiri kupanga zikuluzikulu:

• M'pofunika bungwe kubereka moyenerera ng'ombe ndi ochititsa ng'ombe analandira ndi amayi awo kwa miyezi sikisi eyiti.

• Tima wotsatira kudzinenepetsa ng'ombe, kuphatikizapo sverhremontnogo.

theka nkhondo

Mukhoza ndikuganiza, inu simungathe kulandira ndalama kuchokera kuswana nyama nyama, wopanda chuma wamphamvu ndi chakudya. Tiyeni Mwachitsanzo yosavuta kumva. Tiyeni tinene kuti mahekitala a dziko lanu mukhoza osachepera 20-30 quintals wa Mapila (Mapila kilogalamu limafanana chimodzi wagawo chakudya). Pankhaniyi, mungathe kudalira zili mu dongosolo la nyama 110-120. Ngati mutapeza mahekitala 40-45 quintals kupanga, n'zotheka zili za ng'ombe zana.

Ndipo ndi - osati onse mbali ya kuswana ng'ombe nyama Mitundu. Tiyeni tikambirane zina zabwino zina.

Chifukwa chimene kulenga nyama munda?

Pali njira zingapo. Choyamba, mukhoza kugula nyama mahatchi kapena mahatchi wamng'ono. Today palinso sayansi ya Mitundu Ndisanaumbidwe kupatsidwa zina nyama, chifukwa zosiyanasiyana kwanuko ndinazolowera ng'ombe zanyama. Pomaliza, mugule umuna nyama Mitundu ndi kuloŵetsedwa m'thupi lake ng'ombe ambiri otukuka a wakuda motley zosiyanasiyana (m'dera ng'ombe).

Chonde dziwani kuti zonse Mitundu ng'ombe ng'ombe - nyama zikuluzikulu. Nyamula ng'ombe kwa kuwoloka kuti ng'ombe analibe kuvulala pobereka.

Gulu la kubalana ng'ombe

Mfundo yaikulu ya mwambo - kusonkhanitsa chaka chilichonse aliyense ng'ombe, amene anafika zaka thupi, ng'ombe wathanzi. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri, monga ng'ombe ndi ndiyekhayo kupanga ng'ombe ng'ombe mafakitale. Nthawi zambiri kuswana Mitundu nyama kumatengera zifukwa zingapo. Ali:

• State wa chakudya chiwerengero cha katundu wamng'ono m'nyumba mwanu.

• NTHAWI YOCHITA insemination a ng'ombe. Tikumbukenso kuti limeneli muyenera kusamala kwambiri ngati nkotheka: nyama zing'onozing'ono kuphimba pafupifupi 15-16 miyezi, ndi lalikulu - mu 17-18. Gulu wamba iwo anatengedwa osati kale kuposa 24-25 ndi 26-27 miyezi. Nthawi awa zosiyanasiyana, kutenga nkhani wonse thanzi la nyama.

• The njira ya insemination. Ndi posachedwapa kuti ankakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe malonda chovomerezeka mzere khola ng'ombe (makamaka ngati kuchita kuswana ng'ombe ng'ombe Mitundu). Tsopano mwa njira imeneyi pafupifupi anasiya. Choyamba, ntchito kwambiri kumaonjezera ngozi ya khansa ng'ombe. Kachiwiri, zovuta kulamulira kuchuluka kwa nyama inseminated ndi kukonza hotelo.

Tikumbukenso kuti Mulimonsemo m'pofunika kuyesetsa kuti hotelo yozizira-kasupe. mfundo ndi yakuti mu nkhani iyi ng'ombe mu nthawi yofunika kwambiri mimba imayambira ndi atsopano chakudya wobiriwira ndi ana ang'ombe, patatha kudya mkaka, nthawi yomweyo kusinthana kwa zonse kunachitika chakudya wobiriwira. Zonse zimenezi kumathandiza kupeza nyama kwambiri athanzi ndi ndi kuswana wa Mitundu ng'ombe umakhala kwenikweni opindulitsa.

Poona mphamvu ya insemination

Mu mabuku osiyanasiyana zambiri kupeza mawu amene ng'ombe funika kwenikweni kufufuzidwa kwa mimba, miyezi iwiri pambuyo insemination kapena mating achilengedwe. Ndikufuna kuona kuti miyezi iwiri - yochepa kwambiri.

Mfundo wodziwa zambiri vetenale kapena ziweto akhoza ndi Mwina mkulu kudziwa mimba koma pano pali mwayi oyambirira mimba: wa mwana wosabadwayo lofewa mu nthawi iyi, kotero kuti kusasamala pang'ono ndi Kupenda thumbo kungayambitse chakuti ng'ombe padera mimba oyambirira . Choncho akatswiri amalangiza kuchita kafukufuku pamaso pa mimba miyezi itatu.

Chiwerengero cha nyama brakuemyh

Onani kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa gulu moyenera ndondomeko kubalana nayenso. Amakhulupirira kuti 100 mutu wa nyama wamkulu zimene tikubweretsazi osachepera 20 ng'ombe chaka. Choncho, mu nthawi yomweyo, muyenera amachoka mu ng'ombe ya nambalayi wa ng'ombe wamkulu, kutumiza iwo mopitirira kudzinenepetsa isanafike aphe.

Mfundo yake amakhala ndi ziweto (ng'ombe) .Myasnye mtundu ng'ombe ayenera kutsukidwa ku nyama osauka mosamala.

chenjezo wosabereka

Pano pali poyera Apanso duality wa ntchito mating achilengedwe. Pa dzanja limodzi, kukhalapo nthawi zonse a ng'ombe mu ng'ombe pafupifupi kwathunthu kuthetsa n'zotheka kuti ng'ombe mu boma kusakasaka sati inseminated. Komano, pa nkhani ya kuchotsa mimba magawo oyambirira a ufulu okhutira ndi insemination kungayambitse zomvetsa lalikulu ndalama chifukwa phindu anataya.

Ambiri, Mulimonsemo Mpofunika ntchito kuwaika yokumba. Koma ngakhale pano, musati kumasuka. Nazi zinthu zazikulu zimene zimathandiza kuchotsa ng'ombe:

• Onse mtanda watsopano umuna kufufuzidwa ndithu. Ngati pali zakusokonenezedwa, chipani cha mbewu ayenera kuzipewa mfundo.

• Yambani magazini kuwayang'anira milandu kutentha kudziwika, osiyana kudula mitengo kwa insemination lapansi.

• Zonse kuchititsa anayendera zithunzi ng'ombe. Mu nkhani ya nyama ndi zotupa za maliseche kunja, n'kofunika mwamsanga kukanena kwa katswiri Chowona Zanyama.

• Ngati mukufuna kuthetsa wathunthu wosabereka monga chodabwitsa, onse ng'ombe anabala (itapita miyezi itatu mimba sakudziŵikabe) ayenera kutaya, kaya phindu kuswana.

• Pofuna synchronize nyama mkombero ndi insemination, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kukondoweza m'thupi. Imathandiza makamaka pa nthawi imene mukufuna kuphimba nyama peregulyali kukhwima thupi.

Features la kubereka mu Mitundu ng'ombe

Monga ife tanena kale, ng'ombe zimasokoneza (ng'ombe) yodziwika ndi yaitali pamaso pa ng'ombe ndi mayi ake. Njira imeneyi facilitates mtengo mkulu wa kukula kwa nyama. Komanso zinadzala ndi mavuto ena.

mfundo ndi yakuti chifukwa okhazikika makina kukondoweza kwa udder m'thupi dongosolo ng'ombe angapo kumangidwanso, chifukwa kuchuluka zochitika za kusaka "chete" lomwe njira wamba zithunzi sangathe wapezeka. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri anayendera. Komanso, ayenera kuganizira magazini kuzindikiridwa zokhudza.

Komanso, nyama Mitundu ya ng'ombe ndi zina chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, ali ndi seasonality kutchulidwa kwambiri m'zinthu kugonana. Mfundo palibe vuto kuti: ndi yabwino kuganizira yozizira womwewo ndi masika hotelo, zomwe ife tatchulazi.

Kodi kupulumutsa nambala pazipita ng'ombe?

Monga ife tanena kale, ng'ombe - kupanga yekha ng'ombe ng'ombe, ndi kuteteza awo m'pofunika kupereka chisamaliro chapadera. Mpofunika kuwerenga zotsatirazi:

• M'pofunika kupanga dongosolo zonse anachita Chowona Zanyama ndi miyeso Zoo-luso. Zikuphatikizapo katemera, matenda Kupenda nyama, ulamuliro wa khalidwe chakudya ndi fixation okhazikika ya zipatso ndi moyenerera insemination awo.

• Farm, amene amathandiza ng'ombe, ayenera kukhala pansi disinfection ndi disinfestation.

• Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mu chuma sayenera kuwona, osati akunja, komanso nyama zakutchire ndi feral, ndiwo malo achilengedwe matenda opatsirana ndi parasitic.

Apa ndi mmene bungwe kulima Mitundu ng'ombe nyama.

Organization nyumba lotayirira

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, njira imeneyi kamodzinso anayamba kutenga udindo lalikulu m'mayiko onse kumene kwambiri kapena zochepa chitukuko cha ziweto. Ubwino zoonekeratu ake. Nyama ongoyendayenda kupanikizika, iwo nthawi zambiri paulendowu. Komanso, chosavuta Ndondomeko kudya ndi manyowa, zimene zimathandiza mtengo kupanga ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ndodo ndi kutsegula maola.

Pali njira ziwiri za zinthu zosiyanasiyana: a m'madera kwathunthu momasuka ndi zipinda lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri njira izi amaphatikizidwa, amene amalola kuti iyende akadakwanitsira. Nanga bwanji ng'ombe ya? Ndipotu, ngati inu kuwasunga iwo mu chipinda chomwecho ndi nyama wamkulu, iwo kudzakhala kovuta kudyetsa?

Chitani motere. Paddock mu chipinda chikachitika kuti ng'ombe angachititse momasuka pakati pa zitsulo zotchinga. Pakati adzakhala nsanja komwe ng'ombe zidzalimbikitsa kudyetsa antchito. Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa khola angadziwire bungwe "khola" ng'ombe, zomwe bude zokwanira youma udzu. Apa nyama ndi kupuma.

Kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu nthawi zambiri wokhutitsidwa ndi kumbuyo malo kwathunthu lotseguka. malo pakati ndi m'nyumba paddock amene anagona osachepera mita theka la udzu wouma. Ngakhale mu zikhalidwe za kum'mwera yozizira (umene uli wokongola ozizira), nyama udzakhalabe ofunda. mfundo ndi yakuti mkodzo wawo ndi ndowe, amene mwamsanga amakhala wasambitsa udzu, kulimbikitsa zochita amuzolengedwa mu womwenso kunja pang'ono m'malo kwambiri kutentha.

N'zoona kuti nyama mukufuna hotelo pasadakhale kuyendetsa mu osiyana, kusinthidwa kwa chipinda chino. Izi kupewa imfa ya nyama dyspepsia, ndi ng'ombe adzakhala kuchepetsa Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya mastitis.

Mu ozizira nyengo zinyalala Chinawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, koma kwathunthu chitakonzedwa paddocks sabala. M'chaka, pamene nyama anasamutsa kubusa njira ufulu osiyanasiyana okhutira chabe kuyendetsa bulldozer ndi kosayembekezeka, anapeza kunja manyowa onse anasonkhanitsa.

Pa mating ufulu

Ndipo wina. Ngati inu kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito kwa insemination ng'ombe, muyenera kudziwa katundu akadakwanitsira pa izo. Akukhulupirira kuti sewerolo chimodzi sayenera kuposa ng'ombe 35-40. Mfundo katundu akhoza zochuluka, koma ng'ombe ayenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe labwino. Komanso, ndi zofunika bungwe ake Zingayambe kudya zakudya zomanga thupi (kuphatikizapo chiyambi nyama).

Apa pali chimene muyenera tcheru, ngati mukupita kawetedwe ng'ombe nyama zimasokoneza.