Mlandu wodandaula

Choyamba, tiyeni tikumbukire mfundo za "ufulu wa maudindo" ndi "maudindo alamulo". Zolinga zimachokera muzinthu zambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, maudindo angakhalenso osagwirizana. Momwe mungachitire ndi okhoma ngongole ndi ogulitsa ngongole mu maubwenzi awa? Yankho likufotokozedwa momveka bwino m'malamulo. Ndipo ndi malamulo omwe amatsimikizira ntchito ndi ufulu wa onse awiri.

Koma ntchito zomwe zikugwirizanitsa zikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri. Malingana ndi Civil Code ya Russian Federation (Ndime 321), ndi kutenga nawo mbali angapo angongole ndi angapo angongole, aliyense wokongoza ngongole ali ndi ufulu kufunafuna kuphedwa, ndipo aliyense wobwereketsa ayenera kukwaniritsa maudindo ofanana ndi onse (kupatula ngati ataperekedwapo).

Wokongoza ndalama, mwachitsanzo, ngongole, akubwezera ndalama zomwe mabanki adakhazikitsa panthawi yomwe yaperekedwayo ndipo amamasulidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe adayang'anila ku bankiyi. Kupatula ngati pamwambapa "popanda kuperekedwa", komwe wobwereketsayo sakanakhoza kuika kufunika kwake (kapena kungozindikira chabe). "Zina" zikhoza kubisika, mwachitsanzo, mu mawu oti "mgwirizano". Ndipo malamulo ena a Civil Code amavomereza chiganizo ichi motere: Wokongoza ngongole akhoza kuitanitsa kuchitidwa kuchokera kwa onse okhoma ngongole (mwachitsanzo, mogwirizana (mogwirizana), ndi kuchokera kwa wina aliyense.) Monga gawo la ngongole, ndi kwathunthu.

Yesani kuima pamalo a wogulitsa. Kodi iye adzachita chiyani ngati wobwereketsa wina akubwezeredwa pa nthawi, pamene ena samatero? Zoonadi, izi zidzasintha kwambiri: zidzayesa kubwezera ngongoleyo kwa omwe ali ndi ngongole omwe ali ndi chikumbumtima (samabisa ndikupanga nthawi zonse ndalamazo). Ndipo sikungakhale zopanda pake kukangana: pa izi, mabungwe a banki adzakhutira mosagwirizana. Banki, atalandira zake zokha, idzaiwala msanga onse amene ali ndi ngongole.

Ndipo kodi wobwereketsa ayenera kulipira chiyani, osati kwa iye yekha, koma kwa ena?

Njira yokhayo kunja kuno ndi ndondomeko yobwereza. Malingana ndi lamulo, wobwereketsa chikumbumtima angafune kuti ena onse abwezere ndalama zomwe awapatsa. Inde, kupatula gawo lake lomwe. Ndipo ngati ena amene ali ndi ngongole sakukhutiritsa zofunazo, pempho lawo lidzakuthandizani kubwezera ndalama zomwe apeza kubanki. Monga lamulo, khothi limakhala pambali pa wozunzidwa ndipo limapangitsa kuti ali ndi ngongole zambiri kuti abweze ndalamazo.

Milandu yowonongeka ili kale kale pafupifupi nthambi zonse zalamulo. Mwachitsanzo, abwana akukakamizidwa kubwezera ngongole ya wantchito amene amamulembayo ali ndi ufulu wopereka malamulo oyenera.

Chitsanzo china ndi chidziwitso cha ngozi. Woyendetsa galimoto amene wagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampani inayake kuntchito amagwera mu ngozi. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku, dalaivalayo adachita ngoziyi. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti zowonongeka zimanyamulidwa ndi iye. Wobwereka amalipira ndalama zake, zabwino, kubwezera maliro omwe amachitidwa ndi chipani chachiwiri. Tsopano dalaivalayo akuyenera kubwezera ngongoleyo kwa abwana ake. Ngati anakana, bwana angadalire zomwe akunena. Ngongole idzabwezeredwa ku khoti, malinga ndi lamulo.

Lamulo la chigamulo chokakamiza liyenera kutumizidwa nthawi yoyenera ndikuperekedwa bwino. Ndi bwino kupatsa oweruza mabungwe amilandu, chifukwa chotsatira zoyenera kuchita ku mawonekedwe ndi zokhudzana ndi zomwe akunena sizitsimikiziranso kuvomerezedwa kwa mapulogalamu.

Ngati kusagwirizana kulikonse kukuwululidwa, pempholo lidzasiyidwa popanda kuyenda, kutanthauza kuti mlanduwo sudzavomerezedwa kuti uwone.

Woperedwayo amapatsidwa nthawi yothetsera zolakwa zomwe akutsutsa (kukana kwa AIC sikunaperekedwe), kukonza tsiku la wodandaula kuti apite kukhothi ndikuwonetsa zofooka kapena zolakwika. Cholinga cha chigamulocho chiyenera kutumizidwa kwa wodandaula pasanathe maola 24 chigamulocho chitaperekedwa.