Monyanyira - ndi ... Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro, mitundu ndi tanthauzo la monyanyira. Njira kulimbana ndi kuteteza monyanyira

monyanyira vuto anakhudzidwa m'mayiko ambiri. The chodabwitsa cha chiwawa yotsalidwa kale ndiponso oopsa. M'mbuyomu atsamunda a m'mayiko ambiri zimathandiza kuti makampani a mitundu yosiyanasiyana imene munthu mtundu, chipembedzo kapena mtundu kudziwa udindo wake malamulo. Koma ngakhale lero, mwa zinthu zimene zili zofunika makamaka - kukula zonse milandu zokhudzana ndi nkhanza mtundu, chipembedzo ndi tsankho. polimbana monyanyira n'kofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa kuopa alendo ndiponso kusankhana ndi anthu akunja nthawi zambiri kugula lonse zochitika zachikhalidwe, ndi mndandanda umbanda ndi milandu kuzunzidwa ndi nkhawa yaikulu kuwonjezeka zowononga aukali anthu. Kulimbana monyanyira - mmodzi wa ntchito zikuluzikulu za boma lililonse. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha chitetezo chake.

Lingaliro la "zinthu monyanyira"

Mfundo imeneyi umafananirako mowonjeza pa. Monyanyira - ndi kudzipereka kwa malingaliro ndi ndale ku malo kwambiri mu malingaliro ndi kusankha njira zolinga zina. akuti likumasuliridwa kuti "mmphepete", "ovuta", "zosaneneka", "kwambiri". Monyanyira - ndi kwa amene amatsutsa m'madera alipo, nyumba ndi mabungwe, kuyesera kusokoneza bata awo, kuthetsa kuti kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Izi zachitika makamaka ndi mphamvu njira. Monyanyira - si yekha kusalabadira ambiri amavomereza malamulo, malamulo, malamulo, komanso zoipa chodabwitsa chikhalidwe.

Kaperekedwe monyanyira

kudzipereka munthawi yomweyo kuti monyanyira ndi zochita n'zotheka aliyense dera la moyo pagulu. Lililonse upandu - kumakhalanso kwambiri sakonda khalidwe, pachimake mawonekedwe a nkhondo chikhalidwe, popitirira mwakale, koma ife musamatchule lonse upandu monyanyira. Chifukwa mfundo izi ndi zosiyana. Mu monyanyira ayenera kumvetsa chodabwitsa zodziwika bwino. Akatswiri ena chimatanthauza monyanyira monga kuphatikana ndi, kudzipereka kwa miyeso kwambiri ndi maganizo (kawirikawiri mu malamulo). Iwo dziwani kuti monyanyira kumaonekera muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu: ndale, yapakati-mitundu ndi yapakati-mitundu asapita, chipembedzo, dera zachilengedwe, zojambulajambula, nyimbo, mabuku, etc.

ndi monyanyira ndi ndani?

Lingaliro la "zinthu monyanyira" amaganizira munthu amene amagwiritsa chiwawa ndi kuteteza zotsutsana ndi malamulo ambiri amavomereza za anthu. Nthawi zina iwo amachitcha anthu amene akuyesetsa kuti asanene zofuna zawo anthu mokakamiza, koma si monga boma kapena ambiri malamulo. Pali view wina kuti monyanyira - n'kovuta ndipo si nthawi zonse panopa, amene amadziŵika ndi chinthu zachiwawa. Mwachitsanzo, English wofufuza mu ntchito yake ananena kuti mfundo za kulimbana sanali chiwawa (satyagraha) wa Mahatma Gandhi ku India ndi chitsanzo cha mtundu watsopano wa monyanyira. Choncho, zinthu monyanyira Tingaone ngati njira ya otsutsa kwakukulu osati malamulo malamulo komanso malamulo societal - anakhazikitsa malamulo.

achinyamata monyanyira

Youth monyanyira mu Russia - chodabwitsa watsopano, motsutsana ndi UK, kumene anaonekera mu 50-60-ntchentche za m'ma XX. Izo zimatengera pa elaboration osakwanira wa nkhaniyi m'mabuku a malamulo. Mu maganizo athu, pali nkhani zosiyanasiyana osathetsedwa zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku ndi kupewa milandu monyanyira anachita achinyamata mu gulu. Monyanyira chilengedwe achinyamata nthawi zonse ikupita patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, kayendedwe monga ometa mpala antifa.

Upandu ndi monyanyira

Wachifwamba monyanyira - malamulo, kuchita chikhalidwe oopsa munthu kapena gulu la anthu, umalimbana kukwaniritsa zolinga zake (zolinga), maziko kwambiri maganizo, ndale ndi zina maganizo. Potsatira mfundo imeneyi, mawu ndi abwino kwambiri kuti pafupifupi upandu, ndi kumasonyeza monyanyira. Upandu kugwirizana ndi chiwonetsero cha wosiyanasiyana, akhoza kukhala bwinobwino popanda kufufuza zinthu monyanyira chikhalidwe ngati chinthu choipa ndiponso ubale wake ndi njira za mphamvu ya boma ndi khalidwe pamalo.

Mitundu-mtundu monyanyira

Monga Umboni kuphunzira zenizeni chikhalidwe, za mtundu wina ambiri ndi monyanyira dziko. Childs, izi kumasonyeza monyanyira m'dera ndi za mwagwirizana co-kuli magulu osiyanasiyana mitundu. Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za chinthu kuukira izi ziri basi mafuko zosiyanasiyana awo onse, osati mtundu, monga kawirikawiri taonera journalistic, maphunziro ndi zina magwero. Monyanyira amadziwika kuti anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale, popeza pamene mphamvu pa anthu ena anayamba kubweretsa ubwino chogwirika, choncho yakhala nkhani za zolinga za anthu. Iwo anali kuyesera kuti tikwaniritse kufunika cholinga mwa njira iliyonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anatha kusiyanitsa mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndi zotchinga malamulo wamba, miyambo ndi zofuna za anthu ena. cholinga ndi nthawi ndi nthawi zonse cholakwika njira, ndi munthu amene kuzifuna pamwamba pa mphamvu, sasiya ngakhale patsogolo ntchito miyeso kwambiri nkhanza zachilendo kuphatikizapo chiwonongeko, chiwawa lotseguka, uchigawenga.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Monyanyira wakhalapo kuyambira zikamera wa anthu bungwe. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana anaonekera mu njira zosiyana. Makamaka mu wakale Greece monyanyira anayimiridwa mwa mawonekedwe a tsankho kwa anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito za wotchuka akatswiri achigiriki Aristotle ndi Plato anaona ntchito dzina "Barbara" (barbarus) kapena "akunjawo" mwaulemu kwa anthu a mitundu yoyandikana nayo. Mwanjira imeneyi amanyoza iwo. Aroma anali ntchito dzina ili ku mitundu yonse kapena osakhala Greek chiyambi nerimskogo, koma kumapeto kwa ufumu wa Roma, mawu akuti "wakunja" anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pa nkhani ya osiyanasiyana mafuko Germany. Masiku omwewo unkachitika ku China wakale, ngati aneba China anali amaziona ngati mafuko zakutchire ndi woopsa wa alendo. inawo amatchedwa "chakudya" ( "atumiki" ndi "galu") kapena "izi" ( "akunjawo anayi").

Akatswiri m'minda ya Chaanthu ndi jurisprudence polingalira zifukwa monyanyira mizu mwa kuwerenga maganizo a anthu. Izo zinayambira mu nthawi ya mapangidwe statehood lapansi. Komabe, zinthu monyanyira masiku ano Russia ndi chifukwa chikhalidwe, malamulo zandale, zachipembedzo, utsogoleri, chuma ndi zina njira zambiri zikuchitika mu dera chirengedwe cha m'ma lomaliza. The kusanthula mabuku pa nkhani kukusonyeza kuti monyanyira mu boma aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ndiponso criminological. Komanso, monyanyira, komanso aliyense chodabwitsa chikhalidwe, yodziwika ndi masiyanidwe mbiri.

Ndipotu, onse conspiracies ndi kupanduka, amene ali olemera mu mbiri zoweta ndi dziko, anali, kuchokera amazionera a malamulo ndiye alipo komanso kuti chikhalidwe, osati kuti zina, mitundu monga zapadera magulu chigawenga, amene anali kufuna kukwaniritsa zolinga za ndale. Koma nthawi yomweyo pakhala nthawi ya gulu zokha mopupuluma zopsa mwankhanza cha vandalism nkhanza munthu, komanso kuli kucheza ndi okhutira chigawenga. Opinion kuti mu makumi a upandu atumwi wotsiriza bungwe (osachepera m'njira zamakono mawu) wakhala si chinachitika, Sitinganene kuti ankamuona ngati zolondola. Ndipotu, kafukufuku amanena zimasonyeza pamaso pa kapangidwe nthambi za magulu chigawenga, monga mu chisanadze Chiwukirano ndi Civil nkhondo Odessa, umene umati ntchito za magulu awa chigawenga monyanyira anali chikhalidwe ndi zizindikiro mphamvu yonse (pamodzi ndi kazembe ndi ntchito French). Monyanyira ndi upandu - zochitika zokhudzana. zigawenga Only kufunafuna chuma phindu kapena mphamvu, ndi aziphunzitso kuteteza awo a ndale, chipembedzo kapena mitundu zikhulupiriro, amene alibe kukusalani wofuna chuma.

Upandu mu Soviet Union kholo la kayendedwe monyanyira ku Russia

Pa makumi Mu zaka zapitazo, pa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa Soviet Union, otchedwa Policy Economic Latsopano (NEP) magulu upandu opareshoni makamaka dera zachuma. Phimbani ntchito zake akutsatiridwa pansi pa amati ndi zoyerekeza-cooperatives ndi nyumba zina zofanana zachuma. upandu wamba lobwezeretsedwa kokha kukopa kwake pambuyo miyeso nkhanza anagwidwa ndi apolisi ku kuchotsa zatchulidwazi akuba ndi kupha.

Curtailment cha kukonzanso chuma cha m'ma 20 ndi pa 30-ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo pansi wamba alikukonzeka ulamuliro wa achiwembu. Nthawiyi amakhala ndi pakutchulidwa wa dera chigawenga "mbava lamulo", mu sayansi ndi utolankhani kufotokoza mfundo zosiyana za mapangidwe ake - ndi kungoyamba wokha kwa dala ziwalo chitetezo la boma m'ndende kuti kuonetsetsa achotse mayanjano zotheka akaidi ndale ndi ulamuliro . Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi zaka pambuyo nkhondo panali funde wachiwiri wa gulu la zigawenga mu mawonekedwe a banditry. Mu a sayansi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti achiwembu si chinthu chatsopano kwa anthu, malinga ndi maonekedwe ake mu 50s ndi ... Pofuna magulu zinakhalira mayunitsi asilikali, wapadera mayunitsi odana ndi zigawenga anakhazikitsidwa mu zochitika mkati amene opaleshoni mpaka 50s m'ma, pamene mlingo wa banditry chifukwa cha miyeso austerity amawatenga aboma ali utachepa kwambiri, ndipo mayunitsi akhala inathetsedwa.

Posakhalitsa panali mfundozo za kutha kwa upandu pansi sosholisimu ndi kuwonongedwa zigawenga akatswiri ndi banditry mu USSR. postulates Recent lalikulu mu nthawi milandu Soviet, makamaka chinabisidwa weniweni latentizatsiyu pang'onopang'ono bungwe upandu motsogoleredwa wamba, ndi maziko a zikamera wa kupsyinjika ubale chuma achiwembu kapena zachuma, monga nthawi yaitali otchedwa asayansi, "chuma ndi aganyu" lathu.

kayendedwe Youth mu United States ndi Soviet Union

Mu zaka 60 zaka mazana makumi awiri. mu US, latsopano achinyamata kayendedwe amene yogwirizana ndi magulu a zoimbaimba. Monyanyira chilengedwe achinyamata kuti limachokera kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Mamembala a gulu latsopano anadziwika monga hippies kapena "ana maluwa." Cha m'ma 70 - oyambirira 80 chodabwitsa ofanana akupezeka USSR. Hippies mu US anasonyeza kuti ndithu mphamvu yotheka nkhondo yolimbana reactionaries ndi osafuna kusintha. Mosiyana American "ana duwa" amene anatsutsa, anamenya nkhondo imene inachitika ku Vietnam, ndi hippies Soviet kumenyana dongosolo kuonetsa chikominisi. Mosiyana ndi dongosolo mphamvu ya unyamata Soviet analenga awo. Popeza m'ma 70s hippie kuyenda mu United States ndi ikuchepa.

Youth kuyenda mu USSR zoona, anadzakhala kholo la mumaganiza onse wotsatira achinyamata, kuphatikizapo oopsa.

pambuyo Soviet nyengo

Yoweyula lotsatira la monyanyira bungwe upandu pakhala m'dera la Soviet Union kale m'zaka makumi awiri mochedwa. chifukwa cha kusokonekera zina chikhalidwe ndi kusinthika chikhalidwe. Izi anathandiza kwambiri zinthu monga kupeza chifuniro cha ambiri akaidi, kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo lakale apolisi, ang'onoang'ono kukula ndipo otsika katswiri wodziwa bwino za watsopano, kuchepa kwa dera zachuma, devaluation za makhalidwe okhazikika bwino chikhalidwe, disorientation anthu. Racketeering ndi banditry chinapululutsa anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinayamba kutuluka magulu osiyanasiyana a achinyamata: ndi n'ngopandukira, zitsulo, rappers, etc. Chitaganya dziko kulamulidwa maluwa awiri bloomed achipembedzo ndi andale monyanyira. Nkhondo Chechnya ngakhale zambiri kukula zinthu. Chipembedzo ndale monyanyira akhala kwambiri a magulu Islamist zigawenga. Monga anachita kwa anthu anayamba kutuluka izikhala mtundu monyanyira Asilavo zokopa: ometa mpala, NBP, nationalists, etc. Kuti zonse izi, kuwonjezera wosanganiza zigawenga ndi ndende zachikondi. Patapita nthawi m'dera akuyamba apeze patsogolo polimbana monyanyira lopondereza. Pali gulu "Antifa". Komanso, pali kusintha kwa mabungwe fani, zibonga mpira mu magulu "kopitilira muyeso". Mfundo ndi mfundo za kayendedwe anatengedwa mu UK (komanso mafani pafupifupi onse zibonga mpira mu dziko). Kuyambira cha m'ma 90 bandit yowonjezera nyumba chikhalidwe anayamba kutenga chikhalidwe kufika. Magulu a umbanda talowa mu nthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira. Good luso zipangizo ndi zida, kukhazikitsidwa a mgwirizano wa mayiko Ops ndi OPG anachita apolisi kwenikweni osati mpikisano nawo. Zimayambitsa monyanyira ndi banditry 90s imakhudzana ndi umoyo ndi zachuma, ndale ndi pa nkhondo zosokonezeka. Chotero zikuluzikulu chiwonetsero cha monyanyira ndi banditry mu dziko lalikulu wakhala anakankha zida boma kuchitapo kanthu.

zaka ziwiri masauzande

M'zaka za m'ma XXI. zinthu zayamba kusintha ndi chiyambi cha vuto la maganizo. Mitundu wakale wa ndale maganizo anataya tanthauzo lake. Choyamba, kumatanthauza kukonzanso awo, chitukuko ndi kusintha kwa mtundu watsopano. Akuluakulu analephera zithetsedwe chiwawa zigawenga ndipo anayamba mulinso kupewa kuchita zinthu monyanyira, makamaka kayendedwe Chisilamu. Khumi latsopano molimba mtima analowa ometa mpala, owatsutsa - "Antifa" nationalists. Kayendedwe ka "ultras" chapeza patsogolo kwambiri. Kulimbana monyanyira pa mbali ya boma kwambiri ndi mabungwe Chisilamu zigawenga ndi gulu la zigawenga. Zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa iwo akuimilira kuopsa kwambiri. Choncho, kupewa kuchita zinthu monyanyira pang'ono anakhudzidwa kayendedwe Asilavo unyamata. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mavuto a ndale mfundo kumabweretsa mapangidwe kayendedwe kuukira. Iwo mobilizes zosiyanasiyana nyumba chitsutso, ndiwo ochepa yogwira, cholinga chimene chimakopa chidwi poyera mfundo zina ndi mavuto. Apa, kutsogolera ntchito yomwe kuwutsutsa, osati potsimikizira-mfundo. Poyankha izi, pali mabungwe ovomereza a boma. Palinso ogula monyanyira.

mumaganiza Global

M'dziko kwakukulu zionetsero umalimbana kusintha chikumbumtima anthu. Kotero tsopano pali zitatu za magulu amenewa: odana globalists, neoanarhisty ndi zachilengedwe. Anti-globalists - Odzipatula kayendedwe lachipulumutso ndi kuteteza wapadera mitundu mitundu. Neoanarhisty mtima kukaniza kuti zida centralized boma kuchokera pansi, ndipo ulamuliro wa anthu pa dziko. Zachilengedwe, monga English wofufuza maganizo andale John Shvartsmantel, - gulu umalimbana kuthetsa vuto limodzi - kupulumuka. Ndi cholinga chake kuphunzitsa ndi Kutsutsa anthropocentrism, analandira mlingo wokweretsa chitukuko mu dziko m'mafakitale umene munthu postulated monga munthu wamkulu m'chilengedwe. magulu awa akhoza zinthu m'njira ziwiri: monga tsogolo superideologiya kapena gulu yopapatiza-zachilengedwe. polimbana monyanyira kumafunika nthawi ndi khama kwa onse mabungwe nzeru za dziko ndi yazamalamulo.

Mitundu kayendedwe monyanyira

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu monyanyira anthu ndi kucheza chigawenga kusokoneza munthu ndi ufulu wa nzika, ayenera kukhala pa malo awa.

1) Chisokonezo kayendedwe analengedwa kuti cholinga cha upandu, ndi akufotokozera dongosolo ndi / kapena mikhalidwe kunyongedwa awo.

Cholinga cha macheza chigawenga yokha nkhanza nzika mavuto thanzi lawo, maganizo kukana kukwaniritsa ntchito za boma kapena kuchita zina n'kosaloleka.

2) Chisokonezo m'dera analengedwa kuti milandu yaing'ono kapena zolimbitsa.

Yonseyi wophwanya malamulo chikugwirizana ndi machimo severities onse.

3) Mayendedwe monyanyira analenga ncholinga kukonzekera ziwawa za monyanyira chikhalidwe pamaziko a mitundu, ndale, chipembedzo kapena dziko chidani.

Pamaso pa amajambulapo maluwa okongola awa chofunika, mbali structural a m'deralo ndi oopsa. Mwangwiro kucheza chigawenga ungadzakhazikitsidwe zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, omwe si yovuta.

zotsatira

Choncho, Polongosola mwachidule, tinganene kuti zinthu monyanyira zamakono - mmodzi wa zochitika kwambiri zowononga. Zingamvekere osati chilungamo, komanso ambiri ku maganizo ndi moyo. Pakuti ambiri kusintha zofunika ikuchitika masiku ano pafupifupi zigawo zonse za boma, loopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monyanyira waima njira ya bwino. Choncho, kufufuza kulikonse m'dera limeneli si kuti ena, monga chabe pofuna kuona zinthu ndi kumvetsa zodabwitsazi, ndi pa dzanja ena - chitukuko cha miyeso yabwino n'chongoletsa mawonetseredwe yoopsa kwambiri otaya negative. Kupewa monyanyira azipembedzo onse (kuphatikizapo ovomereza a boma) ndi chinsinsi bwino kukula kwa anthu. Kagulu kalikonse a mtundu umenewu ayamba zionetsero. Pamene anthu kumawonjezera kwambiri misa ya Zionetsero oponya voti, m'mlengalenga Kutentha mu izo. Zikamera wa mabungwe monyanyira - ichi ndi gawo lina lotsatira. Ndipotu, vavu amachitira anthu. Ndiko njira iyi mavuto ndi Yambitsaninso. Komabe, pali pakhomo, amene pamakhala kuphulika chikhalidwe. polimbana monyanyira ayenera kudalira yekha pa mphamvu. Iwo amakonda wofu- zotsatira osakhalitsa.