Mordovia malo ali kuti? Mordovia State malo achilengedwe iwo. P. G. Smidovicha: history, maonekedwe, chithunzi

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kuti ndikuuzeni inu za malo Mordovian. Malowa ali pamtunda m'chigawo cha Temnikov Mordovia, mu zone ya deciduous ndi nkhalango coniferous, ndi nkhalango, pa magombe a mtsinje Moksha. Malo okwana malo ndi mahekitala oposa makumi awiri zochulukitsa zikwi a dziko.

Mbiri ya malo a

Mordovia kusungitsa iwo. P. G. Smidovicha unakhazikitsidwa mu March 1936 ndipo dzina lake anapatsidwa ulemu wa wogwila ntchito boma pa nthawi, amene ankagwira ntchito pa kusamala mu dziko.

Choyamba chinali chilengedwe cha kubwezeretsa anthu otetezedwa nkhalango anakhudzidwa ndi odulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa ndi moto. Mu 1938, mitengo nayonso zone anataya zikwi ziwiri maekala wa mitengo. Pakali pano pali yolimbirana kuteteza malo achilengedwe a m'deralo.

Mordovia kusungitsa iwo. P. G. Smidovicha ndi m'madera muli zipilala ambiri mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, apa mungapeze kuthetsa anthu ndipo ngakhale magalimoto Neolithic. Mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri - makumi awiri zaka zambiri, kum'mwera kum'mawa gawo nkhalango Murom ndiwe wa ansembe, ndi atumiki amene akuyesetsa kusunga ndi kuonjezera zinthu nkhalango. Iwo anamanga ngalande wapadera kukhetsa madambo. The zotsala za ntchito yawo anasunga kuti masiku athu.

Mu malo muli zonse zimene ananena boma la mitundu rarest la zomera pa nsanja kuliika ndalama.

Malo otetezedwa zone

Mordovia State Reserve dzina lake. P. G. Smidovicha ili m'mphepete lamanja la Moksha. Malire a mbali ya kumpoto zone kutetezedwa akuthamanga pa Satis, umene ndi tributary wa Moksha. Kumadzulo ndi limasonyeza mtsinje Black, Moksha ndi Satis. Kumbali yakum'mwera likuoneka steppe yomwe mwachibadwa delineates malire a dziko kutetezedwa. Iwo likukhalira kuti nkhalango ya malo a m'gulu woyendera nthambi ya nkhalango coniferous ndi deciduous kumalire ndi m'nkhalango steppe.

Koma nyengo, malo otetezedwa akulowa malo Atlantic-chokhala. Nthawi osazizira mu chaka masiku 135. Subzero kutentha kumayambira November. Zolemba malire kutentha anafika kuno ofunda madigiri makumi anayi, ndi osachepera m'nyengo yozizira kwa - madigiri 48.

dongosolo madzi

Dongosolo madzi a dziko kutetezedwa ukufanizidwa ndi mitsinje Big ndi Small Black, Chipashito ndi Argoy. Pali mitsinje kuti kuyenda mu Moksha. Onse a iwo ndi makhwawa awo. Komabe, ena mbali ya mtsinje adzauma m'chilimwe. Chilimwe mvula kwenikweni madzi m'mitsinje. Only mvula kungachititse ndi kuwonjezeka mu madzi a m'mitsinje. Ambiri mwa malo - ndi catchment m'dera Pusta Mtsinje. Cha kum'mwera, pali nyanja, ndipo ambiri a iwo, pafupifupi awiri khumi. Pali lalikulu ndi wamfupi.

Flora malo

Reserve Mordvinian zophimbidwa ndi nkhalango. Theka la iwo - pine. Koma kumadera a kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa birch chogwidwa timapepala mu bwino chapakati - chabodza. Mu floodplain mtsinje wa mitengo kukula Moksha zaka zana ndi makumi - zaka zana ndi makumi asanu. Nthawi zina pali zambiri zimphona wakale, amene zaka umalandira zaka mazana atatu.

zomera ndi malo limaimiridwa ndi mitundu 788 ya zomera mtima ndi mitundu 73. Moss. Mtundu ambiri zomera - subtaiga (kuwala coniferous) nkhalango a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Yeniyeni paini-thundu ndipo paini-linden nkhalango m'maderawa. Nthaka chinyezi ndipo amapereka zosiyanasiyana nkhalango. Apa mutha kuona youma nkhalango ndere paini yaiwisi spruce, alder ndi popula.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Mordovia malo (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) anapulumutsidwa pa m'gawo lake kwambiri nkhalango zili kwawo ku tchire. nkhalango Pine akuwapondereza. Chotsani malire pakati pa mitundu nkhalango uko.

Flora kutetezedwa zone

Mu 1930, Mordovia malo m'malo Smidovich zikugwira kukhazikitsa mitundu kunja atsopano mu malo otetezedwa. Choncho nyanja linatulutsidwa muskrat, wamawangamawanga nswala, womasulidwa ku dera Maritime, amene osati ndinayamba mbali izi, koma afala kwambiri m'chigawo, ndi oimira ochuluka kuposa ungulates lapansi. A dera Voronezh ndi Kherson (Askania Nova) wabweretsedwa kuno gwape. Mu 1940 iye anayambitsa nswala. Kenako andzesera njati ndi njati, imvi Chiyukireniya ng'ombe. Ngakhale analenga zubropark wapadera, amene analipo mpaka 1979. Mwatsoka, ntchito zina anaimitsidwa, zubropark anawonongedwa ndi nyama okha kutumizidwa ku malawi ufulu.

Kubwezeretsa anthu Beaver

Kwa zaka zambiri, Mordovia State Reserve dzina lake Smidovich Kubwezeretsedwa pafupifupi mwathunthu awonongedwe ndi nambala ya beavers. Ntchito linayamba mmasate mochedwa. Tsopano Moksha Mtsinje beseni beavers achuluka kwambiri.

anthu eyiti anatumizidwa kuti resettlement zinanso Mordovia, Ryazan, Arkhangelsk, Vologda ndi Tomsk zigawo.

Beavers - nyama chidwi kwambiri. Pakuti forage ndi kumanga, iwo kugwetsa mitengo. Kudziluma nthambi, kenako kugawa mbiya m'magulu osiyana. Tiyerekeze kuti amatha gwetsa ndi Aspen ena mphindi zisanu. A masentimita makumi anai mtengo awiri kudula pang'onopang'ono usiku. Ndi m'mawa pambuyo ntchito zawo yogwira amakhalabe yekha chitsa koma mulu wa utuchi. Beavers kuluma akuimirira miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndi ena ndi mchira. kukamwa kwawo ntchito monga macheka. Self-kukulitsa mano nyama, choncho nthawizonse kumakhala lakuthwa.

Nthambi za wagwa beavers mtengo pang'ono yadyedwa pa malo, ndi zina chinayandama pa mtsinje kwa mphanga wanu kapena ku malo komwe iwo adzamanga damu linalake latsopano. Nthawi zina nyama ngakhale kukumba ngalande kuti kutumikira kunyamula chakudya. M'litali njira amenewa akhoza kufika mamita mazana angapo, m'lifupi pazipita ndi makumi asanu masentimita. Kuya Pankhaniyi ukufika mita imodzi.

Beavers moyo mu kamakumba una, kapena otchedwa okhetsedwa. Polowera popita kunyumba zawo ndi zonse pansi pa madzi. Nora nyama amafukula mabanki. Iwo ali ovuta kukhotakhota dongosolo ndi khomo anayi kapena asanu. Walls ndi simenti beavers mosamala kwambiri ankachitira. Ambiri okhala yokha ili pa akuya mita imodzi, ali m'lifupi mita imodzi ndi msinkhu wa masentimita makumi asanu. Nyama kuganizira nyumba kuti kutalika kwa apansi mu nyumba makumi awiri masentimita pamwamba pa madzi. Ngati mwadzidzidzi madzi mu mtsinje kukacha, ndi Beaver yomweyo aukitsa pansi, kuchipala zinthu zomangira denga.

Manyumba ogona nyama kumanga mu malo amenewo pamene inu simungathe kukumba dzenje. Izi ndi otsika m'madambo gombe kapena osaya. Makoma a nyumba daubed matope kapena dothi, amakhala amphamvu ndi kuwerengedwa mdani aliyense. Air akulowa kanyumba kudzera kudenga. Mkati pali zambiri chimachititsanso. Ndi isanayambike nyama ozizira nyengo insulated kwanu onse yozizira ndipo akuzisunga ziro kutentha. Waulesi wa madzi saundana, kotero beavers nthawi zonse kupita pansi ayezi dziwe. Pa frosts aakulu pa kanyumba mukhoza kuona nthunzi. Iwo akunena kuti nyumba ndi yokhoza. Nthawi zina kuthetsa nyama pa nthawi yomweyo membala wa kamakumba una ndipo manyumba ogona. Kodi mukuganiza chifukwa chiyani beavers kumanga madamu? Ndi yosavuta. Iwo ali, ngakhale lalikulu, koma makoswe. Ali kwambiri adani: chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, wolverine, amphaka. Kuti adani samamvetsa kwa iwo, muyenera kusefukira pakhomo. Beaver ndi vuto lililonse, ndipo anthu ogwirira asanafike sangafikire. Komabe, nthawi zonse, moyo mu madzi, nyama sindingakhoze.

Lynx ku Mordovia malo

otetezedwa ndi kuteteza ziweto amphaka zanu. Iwo panopa mwachidwi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zimenezi. Malinga ndi ndodo, ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chaka chino pali ponso korma- kalulu zazikulu.

Komanso ofufuza kulemba kuchuluka ndi nyama zina monga agologolo ndi mabanga gwape. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zisakuyenda chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha agologolo, mphalapala, nkhandwe, martens. deta zonsezi zimapezeka kupyolera mu njira kalembera, amene amalola kuti younikira kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ena.

Nthawi zambiri trot - ndi wokongola kwambiri ndipo Hardy nyama ndi chizindikiro cha m'dera limeneli. Mordovia achilengedwe otetezedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba anapeza amphaka mu March 1941 chotsatirapo cha moyo wake. Kenako mu 1942, alenje anapha anthu atatu basi (umo munali mkazi ndi ana awiri amphaka), ndipo kenako - ndipo ngakhale amuna achikulire. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ngakhale wa nyama salinso mu nyengo ya zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Izo zinali kokha mu 1949, Mordovia Reserve chinkhoswe mu recolonization trot.

Nyama imeneyi amakhala ndi wandiweyani ndi amphamvu kukula kwa thupi, ali ndi miyendo anayamba kwambiri. Animal ubweya zabwino ndi wandiweyani. Kununkhiza ndi amphaka si kwambiri akupangidwa koma kumva ndi masomphenya - kwambiri. Monga amphaka onse, ndi lalikulu kukwera mitengo, imayenda mwakachetechete ndipo mwakachetechete, ndi kuvumbitsira tumphatumpha zazikulu m'zigawo ngati n'koyenera. Nthawi zambiri amphaka wakudya hares ndi zina mbalame (grouse ndi grouse). Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kuukira nyama zazikulu kwambiri kuposa yokha, ngati iwo awona kuti chitha kugonjetsa. Chifukwa milandu zalembedwa kuukira pa nswala, agwape. The amphaka ndi nocturnal msaki.

Rumor ali kuti amphaka ndi zamphamvu kwambiri ndi kukhetsa mwazi, koma kulankhula za Kutsutsa anthu akukokomeza kwambiri. Ngati nyama si kukhudza, ndiye yokha konse woyamba kuukira. Lynx M'malo mwake, amayesetsa circumvent mbali anthu.

Mwatsoka, poyamba anati kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitundu ya amphaka zakutchire. Koma tsopano kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu chawonjezeka kwambiri.

Ntchito anatumizidwa ku malo

Mordovia State Reserve dzina lake P. G. Smidovicha amachita zinthu chifukwa kuteteza boma zachilengedwe a maofesi achilengedwe (zalero, moto ndi zinthu zina), mulinso njira chitetezo ndi kusamala nkhalango, mulinso wozimitsa moto, akuphunzitsa zizindikiro m'madera ndi matabwa zambiri.

Antchito a ntchito malo ndi kuzindikira ndi kuteteza zakusokonenezedwa m'dera kutetezedwa. Mordovia Reserve amachititsa kuzindikira zachilengedwe kuphatikizapo ndi ophunzira.

Komanso, akuchita sayansi ndi kufufuza ntchito. Administration achisangalalo bungwe nkhani Eco-zokopa alendo. Izi makamaka chilengedwe wapadera kudutsa zachilengedwe ndi malo apaulendo yopuma.

Mordovia malo ndi Eco-zokopa alendo

Cholinga cha malo ndi kuteteza ndi kuwongola zinthu zachilengedwe, osati kubisala iwo kwa maso a mangongo asanu ndi awiri. Choncho Reserve Mordovia ndi zimayesetsa chitukuko cha zokopa alendo zachilengedwe. Izi makamaka ulendo wopita ku dziko la latsopano ndi losadziwika. maulendo amenewa amachitika m'nkhalango pristine ntchito anthu chidziwitso ndi maphunziro.

Monga mbali ya zokopa alendo ku malo a kale akhazikitsidwa kudutsa zachilengedwe, apadera malo a zamasewela, malo mlendo ndi zina zambiri zinthu zosangalatsa. Komabe, dera la malo chatsekedwa, ulendo ndikoletsedwa. Koma motsogozedwa maulendo n'zotheka, koma mwa dongosolo titani kasamalidwe.

Kuyambira 2013 m'dera limeneli lilinso ndi woyendetsa alendo Akuluakulu a ku Russia. alendo ake zokopa eyiti mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, maulendo kuti zigwirizane zokonda zonse:

1. "Tinapita ku malo a" - pulogalamu tsiku limodzi ndi ulendo ku famu chapakati ndi zochitika themed.

2. "Otetezedwa Mordovia" - limodzi tsiku wotsogoleredwa ukhalako ndi ulendo zokopa chachikulu cha m'dera limeneli.

3. ulendo kuti cordon Inorsky. Masiku asanu ndi awiri ulendo ndi ulendo mchitidwe, mawanga wowoneka bwino, komanso akugwira magawo ndi mapulogalamu nkhani.

4. ulendo kuti cordon Pavlovsky. masiku asanu alendo akukhala m'nyumba matabwa, Kuyenda, kuyendera mchitidwe umenewu ndi Manor kunyumba.

5. "Inde kupulumuka mu nkhalango." kukwera lakonzedwa kuti masiku asanu ndi kulolera ndi chakudya zinthu kumunda. Alangizi adzaphunzitsa inu ndizosowa kupulumuka kuthengo, ndipo amayembekezera kuti adziwe makalasi.

6. "Ziweto zathu". A ulendo chidwi mu dziko zinyama. Chitsogozo aitane kwa moyo wa mbalame ndi nyama. Komanso mu tchuthi yozizira akhoza kumakwera pamthuthuthu.

7. Banja ulendo. Ulendo lakonzedwa kuti mlungu. Mu masiku awiri inu osati kukaona malo bongo, komanso nambala mchitidwe.

8. ulendo "National zakudya". Mukhoza osati asangalale ndi kukongola m'dziko kumuteteza komanso kulawa mbale wa zakudya dziko.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Mordovia achilengedwe otetezedwa iwo. masitolo Smidovich ndi kuteteza chuma cha chilengedwe. Ngati mwaganiza pitani ndi kusangalala kukongola m'deralo, mukhoza kwathunthu kusankha okha umodzi wa maulendo asanu ndi atatu anapereka pa mphindi. Iwo onse ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi aliyense okha angathe kupeza njira yabwino. Tikufuna inu kupuma kwabwino kwa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kusangalala kukongola m'deralo.