"Mriya" AN-225. Reviews, specifications, zithunzi. ndege katundu zoyendera

Yonyamula An-225 "Mriya" imene ili pansipa chithunzi, ndiyo heavy-ntchito ya ndege ya ziri zonse anaulukira ku mlengalenga. Yaikulu ya zofunika ake kulemera ndi wofanana ndi matani 640. Kupanga chitsanzo chifukwa kufunika kumanga dongosolo zoyendera mpweya zosoŵa za ntchito reusable Soviet spacecraft "Buran". Tikumbukenso kuti panthawi ndege, pali buku imodzi yokha. Zonsezi ndi zambiri tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Kuti pulani

Pakati pa 1988 ndi Soviet Union, boma analamula Design Antonov amasinthira kukhala ntchito ndi kumanga ndege yatsopano. Lamulo lalikulu, lomwe linayikidwa patsogolo kwa iye, adzatha kunyamula spacecraft "Buran". Komanso, ndege ndi cholinga ntchito mu ntchito imeneyi monga zoyendera ndege, zimene zingakhale chifukwa iye kuchita mayendedwe zida lalikulu mafuta, zomangamanga ndi migodi mafakitale.

kuloŵedwa

Kuwonjezera zofunika zina zonse, pamaso okonza anali ndi ntchito ngati kuli kotheka kuti kuchepetsa ndalama ndege yatsopano. Komanso, kunali koyenera kuchepetsa nthawi yomanga ake. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo anaganiza kuti tikhazikitse kapangidwe komanso mayunitsi zikuluzikulu ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu mu zitsanzo zina zikuluzikulu - ndi AN 124 "Ruslan". Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi kuti ndithu pamwamba pa mndandanda wa "Best ndege Chiyukireniya" (chithunzi chotengera m'munsimu).

kuwuluka Kwake koyamba zapamadzi ili pa mapeto a 1982. tingachidziwe zoyendera anali m'gulu la bwino pa dziko. A umboni chidwi n'chakuti pambuyo kuoneka "Ruslan" ena mwa makampani Azamlengalenga dziko ayamba mwachangu yeretsani zoyendera mpweya awo chotengera. Izi imakhudzanso America amene panopa kusintha ntchito zawo "Lockheed" - C-5a "Way".

Phunziro kuyambirira anasonyeza kuti katundu zoyendera ndege zizindikiro monga mphamvu katundu ankatha kunyamula zinthu constituent ali osati "Buran" dongosolo, ndipo ngakhale mpweya ndi wa hydrogen akasinja wa roketi "Mphamvu" mu boma padokopo. Komano, chifukwa cha nthenga wake mchira odnokilevym zoyendera kunja katundu yaitali anakhala zosatheka.

kusintha Ofunika

Okonza zasintha kuti "Mriya" kapangidwe ka mapiko. Mogwirizana ndi Kuwonjezera zigawo zina za pakati chawonjezeka patsogolo awo. Pulani ya iyambitsa phiko pa pylons ali yemweyo, koma chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka sikisi. Ngati kukula kwa fuselage-gawo mtanda, poyerekeza ndi kusinthidwa m'mbuyomo, wofanana, ndi utali wonse wa alumikizana chinawonjezeka. Pofuna kuchepetsa thupi, anaganiza kuthetsa Katundu anakhala m'mbali mwa galimotolo ndi zipangizo zonse lakonzedwa kuti potsegula ndi katundu. Pakuti kupeza katundu chipinda wa mphuno ya auka sitimayo. Okwana kutsegula kapena kutseka limbikitsa amatenga pafupi maminiti khumi. Kuti "Ruslan" chitsanzo anakhazikitsa poyimitsa asanu osiyana ndi mawilo amapasa, zomwe zakhala chamankhwala chodalirika kwa galimotoyo, mu An-225 chinawonjezeka chiwerengero chawo ndi aŵiri. Empennage kuti n'kutheka zoyendera katundu kunja kwa thupi anachita ziwiri muyezo.

ulaliki

AN-225 "Mriya" inali kuperekedwa kwa Soviet anthu General Wopanga Antonov amasinthira, PV Balabuevym, November 30, 1988. Pa nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri yonyamula woyamba adagulung'undisa zomera msonkhano. Patapita masiku angapo makina adzachita ayendetsa yoyamba mu airfield fakitale, ndicho amathamanga pa liwiro mpaka 200 Km / h kumabweza ndipo akukwera kutsogolo pachithandara galimotoyo. February 1, 1989 mueyapoti "Borispol" anayamba zikuonekeratu kuti akatswiri ena ndi atolankhani.

Oyambirira-kuchokera

Poyamba, okonza ankafuna kuti kuwonekera koyamba kugulu awo kudzachitika wolemera mpweya December 20, 1988. Komabe, chifukwa mavuto nyengo (mphepo yamphamvu ndi mitambo otsika) chochitika likuchedwa. N'chimodzimodzinso tsiku lotsatira. Ngakhale izi, pambuyo mothamanga-mpaka mamita 950, bwato mosavuta pansi ndi kuyamba kukwera. Choyamba zapamadzi ndege inatenga ola 1, mphindi 14. Chinthu chachikulu chimene chikanati kudziwa pamene constructors AN-225 "Mriya" - makhalidwe a kasamalidwe dongosolo chotengera komanso ndi lolondola komanso lodalirika kugwira ntchito pa bolodi zida. Komanso, akatswiri anali poyenga ndi kuuluka bwino potsatira njira Kusintha makina. Yachokera pa zotsatira za ndege, iwo anazindikira kuti machitidwe onse ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito mogwirizana kwambiri ndi deta masamu. December 28, 1988 yonyamula ikuchitika ndege wina cheke.

malekodi

Pa March 22, 1989 kunali zachilendo kwambiri yokonzedweratu ndege ndege "Mriya" (An-225). Luso makhalidwe a zapamadzi anapatsidwa preconditions onse, kuswa timva angapo dziko. Pokonzekera chochitika zochitika akatswiri ambiri - testers, okonza, amaphunzitsidwa, akatswiri ndi ndege. Pambuyo n'kudziwa katundu ntchito, miyeso yawo inali matani 156,3, mafuta filler-mabowo anasindikizidwa. Kenako, chotengera popanda mavuto anasangalala kwambiri mu mlengalenga, ndipo pambuyo Mphindi 45 ndiye bwinobwino inatera. Pa ichi nthawi yochepa ya AN-225 "Mriya" anathyola 110 timva dziko. Kupambana Previous wa American "Boeing 747-400" mu zizindikiro monga pazipita zofunika kulemera anali kuposa ndi matani 104. Reviews Akatswiri umboni kuti An-225 akuyembekezera tsogolo lalikulu ndi yowala.

Magwiridwe a zolinga zazikulu

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, atakhala dziko akulemba kuti sichinali cholinga chachikulu pa ntchito yomanga zinthu zatsopano. Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, pamaso pa ndege cholinga akunja anali kunyamula danga zovuta "Buran". kuwuluka Kwake koyamba ndi katundu pa "kumbuyo" zapamadzi anapanga May 13, 1989, pamene anakamba kuti cosmodrome "Baikonur". Adalira, kutsogozedwa ndi A. Galunenkom, sangathe kutsimikizira maneuverability chombocho ndi "Buran" pa bolodi, komanso kuyeza mafuta ndi liwiro kuthawa zosiyanasiyana zinthu. apikira kuti ndege anagwira thro ndege njira "Baikonur-Kiev". Mtunda wa makilomita 2700 Pankhaniyi atapezeka ora 4 ndi mphindi 25. Photos ya ndege yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse ndi "Buran" pa bolodi wapatsidwa pansipa.

Woyamba ndege malonda

The kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ndege malonda a An-225 wapanga mu May 1990. Ndiye yonyamula perevoz wapadera thalakitala "T-800" (izo zimalemera matani oposa 100) wa Chelyabinsk Yakutia. Pambuyo anakapezeka pa ndege, nthawi yomweyo analowa chilengedwe khamu vostorzhonnoy. Tikumbukenso kuti ulendo uno anali kutali mwangozi. Zinali zofunika kwambiri osati kwa chuma cha dziko, monga onyamula cholinga yachinsinsi cha luso zoyendera ndege wotere kovuta, onse kozizira. Malinga ndi zotsatira za okonza unachitikira maphunziro ambiri a zothandiza, kuzindikira wapatali.

Features Ofunika

Mmodzi mwa ubwino waukulu "Mriya" ndege (AN-225) - specifications luso, deta ndege. zapamadzi ali okonzeka ndi asanu injini turbojet, ndipo amatchedwa D-18T. Kulemera kwa aliyense wa iwo kuposa chizindikiro matani anayi. adaponya awo okwana liri 1377 kN, amene ali sinachitikepo kwa mtengo uwu. Pa kudzachitika wolemera, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi linanena bungwe, zomwe ndi 12 500 ndiyamphamvu. Wingspan mu ndege ndi mamita 88,4, pamene m'dera - mamita lalikulu 905. Koma kukula, kutalika ndi kutalika ndi wofanana 84 ndi 18,1 mamita, motero.

AN-225 ikuthamanga kwambiri amamasulidwa pa kuzungulira 850 Km / h. Zoperekedwa zonse kudzaza mafuta akasinja chotengera amatha kugonjetsa makilomita 15 zikwi mu boma chopanda kanthu, ndi makilomita 4.5 zikwi ndi katundu pazipita. Payload yonyamula anali matani 250. Pa nthawi yomweyo amatha kuchita flights kuti okwera mamita 11,000. Pankhani zofunika msewu wonyamukira ndege ya, m'litali ayenera kukhala osachepera makilomita 3. The mafuta a makina ndi pafupifupi 16 matani pa ola (poganiza ntchito pa ikuthamanga kwambiri ndi katundu zonse).

mipata

ndegeyo amatha mwachindunji kwapakati pa mayendedwe a katundu, miyeso yawo ndi matani 200, ndi akatundu intercontinental zoyendera matani mpaka 150. Kunja pa fuselage ndege angathe kunyamula zinthu bulky kuti kulemera matani 200. The katundu chipinda ndi An-225 ndi otakasuka ndithu. Makamaka, popanda mavuto mkati fuselage 16 ndege akomere muli chilengedwe var-10 (tonnes 10), 50 Monocargo magalimoto kapena matani 200 (magalimoto, magudumu, turbines, etc.). Pakuti potsegula ndi katundu wa chitsanzo okonzeka ndi zovuta lonse, womwenso anayi zochotsa limagwirira onyamula mphamvu matani asanu. Komanso, okonza sitimayo zagaŵira zingwe ziwiri.

adalira

Control a ndege An-225 "Mriya" ikuchitika mwa ogwira ntchito, chomwe anthu asanu. Kuti atsogolere kupeza cockpit pa, mpando wa oyendetsa yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zili ndi dongosolo lonse la malamulo ndipo amatha atembenuza. Pambuyo pawo ndi katswiri kuntchito navigation ndiponso kulankhulana. Kumene mu mipando cockpit zili pa bolodi akatswiri. Tikumbukenso kuti malo operekedwa kwa oyendetsa kubwerera mkati ndegeyo. Mbuyache kanyumba ali okonzeka ndi okwana mipando isanu, ndipo yachiwiri - khumi. Pofuna kukhala mkulu wa gulu la makina, katswiri ayenera zinachitikira kasamalidwe chitsanzo An-124 "Ruslan", wopangidwa mwa osachepera zaka zisanu.

Avionics

Mu avionics Model AN-225 "Mriya" zikuphatikizapo basi ndege ulamuliro dongosolo ntchito, ndi kuwonetsera ndi mapu zazikulu. Mu nkhani iyi, oyang'anira pakompyuta, amene cholinga ulamuliro zamagetsi, ndi kwina. M'mphuno chipinda lagawidwa zone awiri dielectric. Iwo apangidwa kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha pansi makina ounikira navigation, Rada ndi m'tsogolo dongosolo. Mu udindo wa mayunitsi malo pano ndi index wa msinkhu ndi maganizo chizindikiro. Komanso, zashuga ali ndi udindo chizindikiro mafuta levers, zizindikiro kupisa zosagwiritsa, kuchimwa masensa zofunika ndipo tidakocheza zipangizo ndi pamalo kulamulira.

kubadwanso

Utatha la Soviet Union, yaikulu ndege dziko sanali kufuna. Mu 1994, ndege ake anasiya. Komanso, Motors ndi zipangizo zina naye konse unatengedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zina mwa "Ruslan". Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, chaka chilichonse koposa anaona kufunika polojekiti kuwatsitsimula lotchedwa "Mriya": ndege lalikulu opanga atsogoleri ena akhala akulephera kupirira ntchito kuti anali yekha ndi AN-225 chitsanzo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, okonza kuti analisintha zapamadzi pofuna kugwilizana ake ndi mfundo alipo mu ndege boma.

"Mriya" ndi kubadwa chachiwiri May 7, 2001. Zinali ndiye, pambuyo pa mndandanda wa akuthamanga, motsatana ndi zapamadzi mayeso kachiwiri anawuka mu mlengalenga. Pa bolodi zinali zodzaza ndi chizindikiro Uri-82060 ndi adalira kutsogoleredwa ndi woyendetsa AV Galunenko. Machine unachitikira kwa maminiti khumi ndi asanu mu mlengalenga, ndiyeno inatera bwinobwino. May 23, 2011 chotengeracho walandira zikalata zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo lonse. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito zoyendera malonda katundu.

buku yachiwiri

Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa pomanga AN-225 "Mriya" zinakonzedwa kulenga mabuku awiri a iwo. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, makina chachiwiri udzatha ndipo sanali. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali chosowa ndalama moyenera polojekiti. Panopa iye ali pa dera la fakitale Antonov. Akatswiri amanena mlingo okwana wokonzeka ake kuti 70 peresenti. Komanso mwapadera, kuyambira nyengo Soviet anali fuselage, wina mapiko ndi pakati gawo. Malinga okonza, kuti atsirizitse makina zikuoneka, koma amatenga ndalama, pafupifupi 150 miliyoni madola US. Izi zimatheka pamene kasitomala kapena kuthandizira.

Ena mbali ya "Mriya" ndege

Pofuna chitetezo pa malo ndege yokoka ya ndege ndi katundu ayenera kuyikidwa m'litali mwa malire. Mu nkhani imeneyi, potsegula kumachitika malinga ndi malangizo. Kutsimikiza kwa ndondomekoyi ili ndi udindo wa womuthandizira wake wa. Zawachititsa opanga ena kunyamula chotengera ichi sangathe ntchito, kotero bolodi chimadzera buku mwini chipangizo. Izi ndi zoyendera ndege katundu, chifukwa kulemera Poti galimoto pena paliponse nthawi zonse kuda galimotoyo. Pankhaniyi, mtengo wa mmodzi wa tayala akuyamba ndi chilembo cha chikwi madola US.