Mtolo wa msonkho ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha boma lachuma

Misonkho ya msonkho ndiyo kutayika kwa gawo lina lachindunji kwa anthu chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafakitale, ndipo, motero, kugulitsa katundu pansi pa malo abwino chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa misonkho yatsopano kapena yowonjezera ya misonkho yomwe ilipo.

Lingaliro la "msonkho wolemetsa" nthawi yomweyo linayamba ndi kukhazikitsa misonkho. M'zaka za zana la 18 Adam Smith adaphunzira za kudalira kwachuma pakati pa kulandira ndalama mu bajeti ya boma ndi mlingo wa msonkho wa msonkho. Chotsatira chake, adapeza chidziwitso, chomwe chimati boma lidzapindula ndi kuchepetsa msonkho wa msonkho, popeza ndalama zotulutsidwa zimapezeka, zomwe ndalama zina zingapezeko, ndipo chifukwa chake, msonkho wowonjezera.

Kafukufuku wochuluka wa chizindikiro ichi, asayansi, azachuma ayesa kupereka nthawi yayitali. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kunali kotheka kwa mchimwene wazamalonda wa ku Germany F. Justi, amene anapatsidwa tanthawuzo la mawu awa pa mlingo waukulu ndipo akuyimiridwa ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa bajeti ya boma ndi ndalama za dziko la dziko lomwelo.

Mtolo wamisonkho ndi wofunika kwambiri pa chuma ndipo uli ndi zotsatirazi:

- Chizindikiro ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro zofanana za mayiko ena, zomwe zimabweretsa chisankho chokhazikitsa zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa msonkho.

- Mtolo wa msonkho ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma pakukulitsa ndondomeko zoyenera. Poyambitsa misonkho yatsopano, kusintha miyeso yawo, kusintha kusintha kwa msonkho, boma likuyang'ana zotsatira za kusintha komwe kunayambitsidwa, pokhapokha padzakhala mavuto aakulu pa chuma, boma liyenera kuyankha molondola.

- Chizindikiro ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chizindikiro cha khalidwe la mabungwe a bizinesi. Kuchokera mu kukula kwake kuti kuthekera kwa ntchito yoonjezera kupanga kapena kuyendetsa ndalama zimadalira.

- Padziko lonse, msonkho wa msonkho umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha boma. Zimatsogoleredwa ndi kufunika kwake, boma lingathe kugawirana mofanana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana.

Powerengera msonkho wa msonkho, bungwe la bizinesi, kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa msonkho woperekedwa, limaganiziranso ndalama zomwe zimakhudza msonkho. Zikuphatikizapo:

- ndalama zolipilira malipiro kwa antchito a bungwe;

- kulipira chiwongoladzanja pa ndalama zongobwereka;

- ndalama zopangira;

- mtengo wa inshuwalansi ya katundu, etc.

Popeza misonkho ya msonkho imakhudza zonse zachuma mu boma, zimayang'anitsitsa pamagulu akuluakulu ndi akuluakulu.

Pa mlingo wazing'ono, chiwonetserochi chiwerengedwa kwa okhoma msonkho enieni (izi zikhonza kukhala bizinesi - ntchito kapena anthu wamba). Malingana ndi malonda, msonkho wa msonkho ukhoza kuwerengedwera m'njira zingapo. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi chiŵerengero cha msonkho wamalipiro omwe amalipidwa pa chiwerengero chonse cha malonda. Chosavuta cha dongosolo ili ndi kulephera kuwerengera ndalama. Chigwirizano chachiwiri, chomwe chimagwiritsira ntchito phindu lopindulitsa m'malo mwa malonda , chimveka bwino ndipo chimaganizira zonse zomwe zimakhudza ndalama zophweka.

Pozindikira msonkho wolipira msonkho wa anthu wamba, msonkho wa msonkho (Bungwe Lomwe Amapeza) limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndalama zake zonse.

Pa mlingo waukulu, chiwonetsero ichi chikuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha misonkho yomwe imalandira Padzikoli.

Poganizira mwachidule zomwe tatchulazi, tikhoza kupeza mfundo zotsatirazi: Kutaya misonkho yowonjezereka ndikutaya mwayi wopindulitsa chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya msonkho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro zambiri zachuma ku boma.