Munkapezeka - ziri ... History maonekedwe ndi tanthauzo la

Cosmopolitanism amatchedwa mfundo, zomwe amaona anthu padziko lonse, kaya mtundu, fuko kapena ndiwe wa mtundu makamaka. Mu kumasulira kwenikweni kwa munkapezeka Greek - ndi "nzika ya dziko." Komanso, lingaliro ili lili kutanthauzira zina, malingana lathu pa ndale, nthawi. Ena a iwo akutsutsana, koma mfundo iliyonse payokha.

Munkapezeka - ziri ...

Malinga ndi dikishonale Brockhaus ndi Efron, munkapezeka - ndi munthu amene amauza lingaliro la Dziko Lathu padziko lonse. Bukuli lili ndi kuzunza kugwirizana kwa anthu onse ndi umodzi wa zofuna za mayiko munthu ndi anthu monga ziwalo za mtundu umodzi wa anthu. Cholakwika kutsutsa chiphunzitso wakutemwa. mfundo iyi si kukusalani chikondi kwa anthu ake ndipo dziko. M'mawu ena, munkapezeka - uyu ndi amene zabwino anthu ndi muyezo wonse kuyeza ndipo limafanana ndi zofuna za anthu onse. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi chiphunzitso cha Chikhristu.

Encyclopedia limapereka tanthauzo zotsatirazi ndi maganizo: munkapezeka - uyu ndi munthu amene amakana dziko ndi ulamuliro boma, akana dziko kapena chikhalidwe cholowa, miyambo, ndi kukonda dziko lako. TSB adzaitana mfundo ndi bourgeois uyu anachita. Malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwa dictionary wa sayansi chikhalidwe, cosmopolitanism - mfundo ndi maganizo amenewa cholakwika kukana chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya anthu awo. Munkapezeka - ndi amene amakana boma kudzipatula m'dzina la umodzi wa anthu onse.

The tanthauzo zamakono

Panopa ambiri amavomereza kutanthauzira otsatirawa: a munkapezeka - wodziimira ndi opanda chikoka ndi zokhumba ochepa mzinda zokhudzana ndi luntha predilections aliyense ndi zokonda za ena, motero makamaka kulemekeza munthu, osati dziko kapena dera lawo ulamuliro. Munkapezeka mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi - ndi amene safunika kuzindikira mtundu, ndale, fuko ndi ena maudindo ofanana. Otsatira za mfundo imeneyi ndi zosavomerezeka manyazi, nkhanza siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la ufulu wa khungu (tsitsi, maso), chipembedzo, maganizo kapena thupi kulumala, zinyengo kapena zikhulupiriro, zokonda (ngati iwo ali, kumene, ziribe mphamvu likuwonongekera ena), miyambo ndi zosangalatsa. Munthu chikusesa kutali mwambo lotha, koma zimatengera pa latsopano, mwapang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndi omasuka, pamene si kukakamiza maganizo awo. Kwenikweni, cosmopolitanism akuwonetseredwa mu anthu ndi osiyana chikhalidwe kapena mbali kutchulidwa walekananso ndi okalamba cholowa.

Neo-Nazism ndi cosmopolitanism

Komabe, pali gulu la anthu otsatira mfundo imeneyi - zigawenga cosmopolitans. anthu awa zoika maganizo awo m'njira mwachilungamo aukali kwa anthu amene maganizo awo, insufficiently lachitukuko, ndi mchikakamizo cha miyambo dziko, lingaliro la statehood ndi ziphunzitso mitundu. Iwo kuti azikhala patsogolo, koma mwaukali kumbuyo lingaliro la renunciation onse achikale, maganizo awo. Mwaichi, lingaliro la "amakakamizidwa munkapezeka" kulibe. Choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, ndipo m'malo ndi chiphunzitso "Wachiwiri, Nazism".

Mtundu wina wa cosmopolitanism ndi kudalirana wa nzeru katundu ndi malonda. Kumaphatikizaponso wodziwa zambiri aliyense kulikonse mu dziko, malawi ufulu ndi kuyenda, maiko mgwirizano.

Nkhani ya cosmopolitanism

Mawonetseredwe oyambirira kukuchititsa zimenezi Tingaone mwa sanali zachiwawa mabanja, mafuko ndi anthu pamudzi. Ichi chidachitika pa maziko a chipembedzo, chuma, dera limene akukhala, maganizo ndi makhalidwe kupulumuka mu lankhanza chilengedwe kunja dziko. Zinali ngati chitsutso chinyengo mawonekedwe maufumu, mayiko ndi maufumu. Woyamba wotchuka, walengeza yekha munkapezeka, anali Diogenes. Iye ankalimbikitsa lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa zofuna pa boma. Tikumbukenso kuti chinathandiza kuchepa kwa mizinda Greek kuti anatsogolera negation maganizo chikhalidwe parochial wakutemwa. Anthu zazindikirika monga nzika za mzindawo, ndi imfa ya makhalidwe ndi ufulu wa mizinda munthu anayamba amadzitcha kukhala nzika ya dziko. mfundo izi anayamba kupanga ndi Asitoiki, koma poyamba anafuulira Cynics (a Diogenes yomweyo). Mu Asitoiki nzeru munkapezeka - nzika ya lonse boma la padziko lonse.

Real chogwirika mawu a cosmopolitanism anali Papa lateokalaseli ndale, komanso mfundo kulenga ufumu wachilengedwe chonse. Ngakhale kuti anali kutali ndi opanda ungwiro. Komanso mu M'badwo wa Choonadi ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano, mfundo imeneyi anali osiyana ndi feudalism anazunza ndi kulimbikitsa ufulu wa munthu. Munkapezeka (tanthauzo) ntchito monga lingaliro kuyambira m'ma 18.

Wakutemwa ndi Cosmopolitanism

Ena otsatira mfundo imeneyi kukana wakutemwa kwa dziko, m'malo iwo ndi ofanana ndi ulemu kwa dziko lonse. The lingaliro lalikulu la mawu akuti - ndi umodzi wa anthu onse. Malinga cosmopolitans, panthawi imeneyi, anthu walowa gawo la mapangidwe chitukuko olimba m'mapulaneti. Kuika ufulu ndi zofuna za munthu pamwamba boma, cosmopolitans chiyani sayanjane maganizo kwawo ndi maziko boma kapena ndale. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, boma monga zida za mphamvu zizikhala ndi kuteteza zofuna za nzika, osati mosemphanitsa. M'mawu ena, anthu a dziko anapatsidwa sayenera nsembe chinachake chifukwa cha zinthu boma.

rootless munkapezeka

Ichi ndi munthu amene wataya dziko lawo zambiri osati anangofuna zawo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu anaonekera mu 40s Mu zaka zapitazo. Ife tinkakonda makamaka kwa ophunzira, amene anasonyeza "maganizo odana ndi kukonda dziko lako," malinga ndi utsogoleri wa USSR.