N'chiyani chimachititsa inki: Kaonekedwe. Kodi kupanga inki chenicheni sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo ndi malangizo

Tsiku lililonse timagwiritsa ntchito ballpoint cholembera pa desktops ali osindikiza kuti ntchito ndi kusokoneza pang'ono kapena ayi. Takhala kotero amakonda izi kuti sindikuganiza za momwe ntchito. Chinthu choyamba kwa Kutulukira, izi zonse imathandiza zipangizo Chinsinsi anali n'zosadabwitsa zikuchokera amene angathe kusiya kuda pa pepala umboni ndi minofu. Komabe, lero tikufuna kulankhula za, zimene zimapangitsa inki. A mbiri ndi zamakono adzakhala osangalatsa akulu ndi ana.

tomes wakale

The thinnest zikopa mizere linachokera pa khungu loderako mipukutu yakale nthawi zonse kuona zimene zikhoza mfutizo mpaka olembedwa. Inki woyamba ndi lophweka - wakuda wothira chinachake yomata. Ndi zoona, anali inki, amene uphwetsa ndi ming'alu. Komanso, anali amphamvu kwambiri, kunali koyenera kuti dzanja kubweretsa malo okongola. Ndiye chiphunzitso anali mosamalitsa wachinsinsi. N'chiyani chimachititsa inki, zodziwika kokha kwa ansembe. Mwa njira, panali yofanana ambiri. Iwo anatenga maziko uchi ndipo anawonjezera kuti izo ndi golide ufa. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mbali ya elderberry ndi mtedza. Koma zonsezi anamira mu chisokonezeko. Lero, yopanga inki wakhala mosavuta komanso motsika mtengo. Tiyeni mme- unyolo zina.

Inki ku mtedza Gallen

Kupitiriza tikambirane zimene zimapangitsa inki, sitingathe kuyiwala anapeza wotchuka, ndicho zophuka wapadera pa masamba thundu. Iwo amatchedwa galls ndi moyo tizilombo mphutsi - mavu ndulu. N'chifukwa chake zophuka lotchedwa mtedza inki. Madzi awa cholizira, ndi ndiye wosanganiza ndi sulphate chitsulo ndi anawonjezera zomatira. Zotsatira zake zinali khola zikuchokera ndi kudzawala wokongola. Ngakhale lero, m'mipukutu anasunga zoonanso kwambiri. Komabe, panali wina ofunika nuance. inks awa anali colorless, kuwerenga mawu olembedwawo kungakhale kokha pamene makalata auma.

A zisinthe mu mbiri ya

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, anthu ophunzira kwambiri, ali ambiri sadziwa zimene kupanga inki. Mu 1885, zokhumba wina zinalengedwa. Mphunzitsi anatulukira alizarin inki. Iwo analinso ndi ndulu, koma ali mtundu kwambiri chifukwa zowonjezera wapadera. Buluu wobiriwira mu botolo, iwo kutembenukira wakuda zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pepala. Izi anali akwaniritsa ndi Kuwonjezera Krupp, mwachitsanzo Tingafinye ku mizu ya chinanso chotulutsa.

Tsopano luso la zopangapanga anali pachimake, ndipo chinanso chotulutsa zaphunzira m'malo mitundu yokumba ndi mtedza inki - asidi gallic. Koma patsogolo si ndinayima. chophweka njira kutulutsa inki aniline, kuti uli kusungunuka mu madzi kupeza utoto kupanga anapezeka. Ndi njira imeneyi n'zotheka kuti lithe zosiyanasiyana nyimbo za tints. Komabe, ikhala chinsinsi mmene angachitire zolemba rube, safiro ndi ngale inki wakale Chimonko. mankhwala awa ali amadziwika ena mchitidwe umenewu, koma osati luso limeneli sanasiye nyumba yawo.

Kuyambira kalekale mpaka lero

Choncho kodi inki lero mu lalikulu, mafakitale lonse, n'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti ambiri mwa anthu sakutanthauza chikhalidwe. Tsopano formulations zonse chopangidwa akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yambiri. Gulu loyamba ndi otchuka kwambiri, zotchipa komanso zosavuta. Ndi zoona, kupanga inki ku asidi gallic.

Yachiwiri - kulandira zikuchokera, ntchito utoto. Umapezeka pa malonda mu mawonekedwe a ufa chikasu. The ntchito monga thickeners ndi glycerol gelatin. Kotero, zikhoza kutheka kuti pang'ono inki kukhala ndi otetezeka ngakhale mwangozi ingested. Kumene, ndi bwino kupewa.

Kodi kupanga manja awo

Ngati mukufunadi kuyesa nokha mu udindo wa Chimonko akale, ndiye ife ndikuuzani inu momwe kupanga inki ndi dzanja. zigawo zonse mwachilungamo wophweka. Muyenera kusonkhanitsa magalamu atatu maapulo thundu, magalamu awiri sulphate akakhala ndi yofanana chingamu Arabic. Inki Gauls ayenera mapaundi mu ufa ndi kudzaza chotengeracho. Kutsanulira mu izo 30 ml ya madzi. Mu chotengera china kutsanulira kuchuluka zofanana wa madzi ndi kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu ena onse. inu sizingasakanikirane zakumwa onse mu masiku awiri, akuyambitsa ndi kusiya kwa maola wina 48, ndiye unasi. Komabe, kulemba zikuchokera izi ayenera kudziwa zambiri. Koma popeza inks awa ndi manja awo ndi kovuta, muyenera kukhala wokhutira ndi zimene ali ofanana kwambiri.

inki alizarin

Iwo anakonza kuchokera maapulo thundu, koma ali osiyana mu kuti muli vinyo wosasa. Kuti akonze kufunika manati inki 10 ga, 6 g wa sulphate mkuwa, 1 g wa chingamu Chiarabu, 100 ml ya vinyo wosasa. lokonzekera kumafunika nthawi, kotero ine khutu ku ndondomeko yaitali. Atavutika galls ankawaviika viniga kwa masiku osachepera 6. The zigawo zikuluzikulu atsala payokha kusungunuka acid. Pa tsiku lachisanu la gawo lachiwiri ayenera yophika.

Pambuyo njira onse adzakhala okonzeka, muyenera kuphatikiza pamodzi. Tsopano kugwedeza osakaniza mwamphamvu. ndondomeko pafupifupi anamaliza. Ndi bwino wosakanikirana monga zosungunulira nkhuni acetic acid. Alizarin inki ali ndi mwayi waukulu - iwo uniformly ikuyenda padziko cholembera, ndipo pomwepo misa wandiweyani.

Zambiri zimene mungachite

Lero, yopanga inki - izi ndi kupanga zofunika, amene kumawonjezera yekha mitengo ya. Pa Lazaro awo anakonza kuchokera akakhala akumwa amene anawonjezera kuti mtedza msuzi thundu. Lero, ochiritsira inki kwa manja ballpoint - chisakanizo cha zigawo 50 kapena kuposa. Mtundu wakuda zimatheka ndi utoto, koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi triphenylmethane, phthalocyanine mkuwa, amagawira kulocha buluu, wotchuka mu mabuku ano.

Inki Kupanga katundu wopanda sulphate akakhala ndi asidi tannic. Colorants ndi zina ali osokonezeka mosamala ndi zosungunulira, iwo ayenera kupanga chilinganizo khola kwambiri. Kupanga ma polima akufunika kuti kusintha maganizo pamwamba.

Ochekenera wa galasi

Inki pokonza yosalala pamwamba pa njira ziwiri ntchito. The choyamba - izo 100 ml ya madzi ndi kusungunuka mmenemo 1 g wa sulfide potaziyamu ndi 7 ga sulphide ndi sodium. Kukonzekera kusanganikirana yosavuta. Chachiwiri chimodzimodzi lili 100 ga madzi, 3 ga mankhwala enaake nthaka ndi 13 ml ya acid amathiridwa. osakaniza akhoza mwachindunji ntchito ngati inki. Iwo akhoza bwinobwino lingagwiritsidwe galasi ndi kutenga pambuyo atayanika zolemba matte.

Nyimbo chifukwa zitsulo

mukhoza kuwatcha ndi inki salembedwa yekha. Kulemba pa zitsulo ayenera osakaniza nitric ndi hydrochloric acid. Pakuti ichi, pamwamba TACHIMATA ndi sera, ndiyeno kupanga lolembedwa lakuthwa chinthu, ndiyeno zikuchokera umagwiritsidwa kuchokera kumwamba. mphindi zisanu kenako, chotengera akhoza mulibe mu madzi ofunda. Kulandira analogue zolemba inki mu buluu, iwo chofunika kukonza zosiyanasiyana.

Kudakonzedweratu mwa kusakaniza 3.5 ga borax ndi 15 ml ya ethyl mowa, 2 ga wa rosin ufa ndi 25 ml ya methylene buluu njira. The chifukwa ndi lolembedwa mu buluu.

Inki yolembera minofu

Takambirana kale nyimbo ndi cholinga cha amene anapanga inki. Komabe, onse a nyimbo iyi alibe kukana mkulu kuchapa kawirikawiri ndi kuwira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pang'ono kusintha Chinsinsi. Kuti botolo uyu anali usavutike mu 42 ga aniline ndi 2.5 g wa chlorate potaziyamu ndi 13 ml ya madzi. Ndiye 15 ml ya acid amathiridwa (25%) ndi kupitiriza kutenthetsa osakaniza mpaka wopulukira. Patsalanso nkhani yaing'ono. botololo unatsanuliridwa kumtunda mankhwala enaake cuprous, mnjira tinganene kuti pafupifupi wathunthu.

Yankho chifukwa ndi usavutike mtundu red-violet. Pambuyo pake, mchikakamizo cha utoto, nthumwi oxidizing ndi chothandizira kwa zimene tikhoza kupeza zotsatira komaliza. Inki pa tsiku Chinsinsi ichi, iwo ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri. Iwo zokha mu ndondomeko wosambitsa ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito makampani kuwala.

m'malo mapeto

Monga mukuonera, pali njira zambiri kukonzekera inki. makampani Modern amalola kupanga kuchokera wakuda ndi kutsiriza ndi inki akuda. Posachedwapa, luso kuteteza nkhungu. Pali mankhwala wapadera kuti pamene anawonjezera kuti inki kuti n'chongoletsa udindo wa bowa ndi. Izi creosote ndi formalin, salicylic acid.

Monga mukuonera, zikuchokera inki sikovuta. Ngati ndinu wokonda zimapangidwira, ndiye adzatha kubwereza kunyumba. Komabe, funso lofunika kwambiri kaya ndi nthawi yambiri, makamaka poganizira mtengo wa mankhwala mu katundu m'sitolo ofesi ndi mowa.