Mawu okongola Achilatini ndi kumasulira

Latin - ichi ndi chiyambi cha chiyambi. Kuchokera kwa iye zomwe zinenero zamakono za ku Ulaya zapita, zomwe kale zilankhulo zathu zaSlavonic zakhala zikukopiridwanso. Chilatini chinali chinenero cha sayansi ndi zamankhwala, icho chinasuntha dziko lonse mu Middle Ages ndi masiku ano. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu akhala akubwereka mawu achi Latin okongola kwambiri a sonorous kuti apereke chiyankhulo chawo, kulemera kwake, kuti chikhale chovuta komanso chokongola kwambiri - kotero, n'zosavuta kumvetsa maganizo. Kodi ndikulankhulidwe kotani komwe kumachokera ku zochitika zachilendo, koma, tsoka, chilankhulo chakufa, chomwe ife tikufuna kuchigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo tingathe bwanji kugawa Latin borrowings mu Russian? Ndipo kodi pali chinachake chofanana ndi mawu otchuka kwambiri? Timaphunzira pamodzi.

Alikuti tsopano?

Choyamba, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chiwerengero cha Chilatini tsopano ndi chochepa kwambiri. Inde, panali mankhwala otsala - ndizochikale, zina mwazinthu zasungidwa mu malamulo (sizongopanda kanthu kuti ophunzira amakakamizidwa kuphunzira mawu ogwira ntchito ndi okongola mu Latin), masunivesite ena a zinenero amalimbikira kuti ophunzira ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha Chilatini. Nanga bwanji munthu wamba, osati katswiri? Kodi angakumane kuti Latin?

Kwa ife, chinenero ichi chimaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe, maphunziro, chiyambi. Choncho, kaŵirikaŵiri kuti atsimikizire kufunikira kwa mawuwo, kuti asonyeze kuchuluka kwa mapepala awo, ndi kuika njira ina, kukopa chidwi kachiwiri, anthu amasankha mawu ndi mawu a chinenero ichi. Mawu achilatini okongola a dzina la kampani, zojambula, maonekedwe ena - onsewa ndi chikhumbo chowonetsa kuti ndinu wamkulu kuposa ena. Koma chilakolako cha kupambana mu magazi athu, kotero palibe choopsa apa.

Nthawi za Chilatini: phokoso lomwelo - zikhalidwe zosiyana

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mawu achilatini okongola komanso tanthauzo lake ku Russian sagwirizana. Tsopano ndikukamba za kubwereka mwalamulo ndi zamankhwala, mwachitsanzo, magawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawu odziwika bwino akuti "alibi" m'Chilatini ali ndi tanthawuzo "kwina kulikonse" - inde, kwambiri, pafupi kwambiri ndi kutanthauzira kwathu, koma adakalibe ngati pali kusiyana kwake. Mosiyana ndi mawu awa, kubwereka komwe kunasintha ma semantics awo: Alma mater, omwe amatembenuzidwa monga "wopatsa amayi", amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'Chirasha kuti alembere ku yunivesite imene wina amaphunzitsidwa kuti ali pano kuti moyo wokhudzidwa umayamba ndi kuyendetsa pamsewu wodziimira Amayi amatsogolera ana ake njira yeniyeni - ndiko kuti, kutanthauzira kumaganiziridwa kale. Ndipo palinso mawu omwe asunga tanthawuzo lake, atapeza mu Russia mthunzi wochepa wa kufufuza: casus, mwachitsanzo, m'chinenero choyambirira - "vuto", pamene ife, pogwiritsa ntchito liwu limeneli, tanthauzo lachilendo, silosiyana Zozoloŵera ndipo, mwinamwake, kusokonezeka, komanso, nthawi zambiri izi ndi zina zochititsa manyazi. Choncho, tinganene kuti mawu achilatini okongola ndi kumasulira kwa chiyankhulo chawo cha Chirasha ndi ofunika kwambiri. Koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse?

Chilatini ndi ziwiri: kale

Chigawo chotsatira cha ngongole za Latin, zomwe ndifuna kukamba, zatsala pang'ono kusinthidwa ndi mawu a Chirasha. Mawu ena okongola achilatini adziwika kwambiri kuti ngakhale kuti anthu amadziwa kuti adachokera pachiyambi, safunikira kuti afotokozedwe - ndizofanana ndi ma genetic memory. Izi zikuphatikizapo Memento Mori - "Kumbukirani imfa", Mu vino veritas - "Chowonadi mu vinyo", Veni, vidi, vici - "Adadza, adawona, adagonjetsedwa". Pazifukwa zina mawu awa adakopeka kwambiri ndi a intelligentsia, omwe adawabweretsa ku Russian kuchokera ku mabuku owerengera, ndi ena onse. Kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake anasankhidwa kuchokera ku mawu ambiri achilatini ndi ovuta kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsa kuti tinatha kusintha chinthu kuchokera kwa akufa, koma chinenero chabwino.

Chilatini zitatu: Chabwino, sindiwo mutuwo

Zoonadi, ili ndi mawu oposa kwambiri - pamene pali mawu mu Chilatini, pali mawu mu Chirasha, kutanthawuza chimodzi mwa ziwiri, koma amatchulidwa, ndipo zinalembedwa mosiyana. Pali zitsanzo zambiri, ngati sizinthu mazana ("kuwala"), astra ("nyenyezi" - apa, mwa njira, zikhoza kudziwika kuti mawu mu Chirasha adakalipo, koma osasintha tanthauzo lake), vita ("moyo" ). Ndipo m'zinenero zina, mawuwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana ndi tanthawuzo lomwelo.

Latin mu mayina anu

Ndipo kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mawu achilatini okongola ndi kumasulira dzina la kampani yanga, mwachitsanzo? Bwanji osatero. Chokhacho chikukhumba kuti mawu awa anali owala ndi osaiŵalika, oyenera-oyambirira-omwe, osati kuchititsa mayanjano pakati pa munthu wolankhula Chirasha, mwinamwake izo zidzasokoneza dzina lanu, ziribe kanthu momwe izo zinaliri zokongola, kuzipangitsa izo kukhala zopanda pake.

Ndipo, ndithudi, kumbukirani tanthauzo la mawuwo. Fatum yonyansa imamasuliridwa kuti "chiwonongeko, tsogolo", nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza kuti chinachake sichili chabwino, choncho mawu akuti "opha", omwe timadziwika nawo. Kodi mungakhulupirire, mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera tchuthi lanu la chilimwe ku kampani yomwe ili ndi dzina ili? Ndi tchuthi kwa ana anu? Ndizo basi. Komanso, ngakhale kuti dzina lolonjeza likumveka bwino, phindu lake limavomerezedwa ndi malonda anu, ndiye ganizirani za zolinga zanu. Manum Ad - "yayandikira" - yabwino kwambiri pambuyo pa dzina lonse la kampani yomwe imapereka makonzedwe okonza, koma kodi mumatsimikiza kuti makasitomala anu adzatha kukumbukira?

Mawu achilatini okongola a mutuwo - lingaliro, ndithudi, ndi lodabwitsa: inu ndithudi mumachoka kwa ochita mpikisano, mumakopeka nokha, mwinamwake mungayese kudzikuza kwanu (kuvomereza, mukakambirana ndi munthu wina akuponya mwamsanga kuti akuyendetsa kampani yotchedwa Non solus, mwamsanga Mukuwonetsanso ntchito yaikulu, ngakhale kuti ndi "Non-solus" yokha, yomwe imamasulira kuti "siyekha" ndi yokwera mtengo pa ngodya). Choncho ganizirani kawiri ngati masewerawa ndi ofunika kandulo.

Latin ndiyo njira yopitiliza

Timapitirira. Mawu achilatini, okongola, olimbikitsa, amphamvu, omwe amawakonda kwambiri amawakonda kwambiri mu zojambula zawo, kulembera pamphete - komwe angakhale nthawi yaitali. Pali kukhudza kwa snobbery apa: Ndidzasankha chinenero chomwe ambiri samachidziwa, kuti anthu akondwere ndi ine, zomwe zikutanthawuza, ndipo ndidzawafotokozera chirichonse. Vomerezani, pali zina zoterozo. Komanso chikhumbo chowoneka chokwera kuposa ena, chomwe tatchulidwa kale - Chilatini ndicho chinenero chakale kwambiri, chidziwitso chake nthawi zonse chimakhala ngati chizindikiro cha kukhala m'madera akutali: nthawi zambiri mayina odziwika bwino a zilembo zawo zowonjezera adalemba ndemanga zenizeni mu Chilatini.

Mu zizindikiro

Koma, monga akunena, ad rem, mpaka kufika. Kusankhidwa kwa mawu kumadalira kwathunthu malingaliro anu ndi zokonda zanu. Mukhoza kulandira chilango cha Amor os est medicabilis herbis - "chikondi sichikuchiritsidwa ndi zitsamba," kapena kuti Aquila osakhala muscas - "chiwombankhanga sichigwira ntchentche." Palibe amene adaphwanya mawu otchulidwa kwambiri, monga Platonov Bellum amnium contra- - "nkhondo ndi onse" kapena Desipere m'malo akuti "zozizwitsa ngati zili zoyenera" za Horace. Intaneti imapereka zifukwa zambiri, zomwe zimadzipangira yekha - zofatsa kapena zosasangalatsa, zozizira kapena zisonyezero. Chilatini ndi gwero losatha la mawu okondweretsa.

Ndipo engraving

Mawu achilatini okongola omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu engraving, amapanga chitsimikiziro chotsimikizika, chopatulika - amamveka ngati lumbiriro, monga chitsimikiziro cha kusadziwika kwa mphamvu. Ndicho chifukwa chake mawu ngati Geni una sumus ("ndife fuko limodzi") kapena Mane et note ("m'mawa ndi usiku") adzatsimikizira bwino, motero akutsindika kufunika kwake kwa inu. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha mawu abwino, osati chinachake chomwe chimangomveka bwino.

Pang'ono pa kuwerenga: consonants ndi kuphatikiza kwawo

Ndipo monga mapeto ndi bonasi - ena amalamulira molingana ndi mawu okongola omwe amawerengedwa m'Chilatini - simukufuna kulakwa pamene mukuwerenga zojambula zanu, mwachitsanzo?

Choyamba, m'Chilatini mulibe chilembo chophatikiza "j": -j- chimawerengedwa monga -y-, chomwe chombochi (Julius ) chimawonjezeredwa, chikhoza kusinthidwa ndi -i, chomwe chidzachitanso zomwezo (kyrie - Kiriye ). Ma consonants ambiri amawerengedwa mofanana ndi Chingerezi, ndipo -W- m'chinenero ichi palibe kwathunthu. Mu makalata -bs- ndi -bt-, phokoso loyamba limadodometsedwa, kutembenukira mu -p- (plebs - plePs). Phokoso-mu-Chilatini likufanana kwambiri ndi kubangula Russian -p-, pamene -V- ili pafupi ndi English -w- (vino - uino ) yosasangalatsa . -s-amatanthauza phokoso lokha (Sanctus- sanctus ), ayi-n-, ndi -g- mu Latin sifefe (ulemerero - ulemerero). Amachokera ku Greek -ch-, -ph-, -th- amawerengedwa monga -k, φ, t-, mofanana (christum - kristum, phobos - phobos, sabaoth - sebout).

Pang'ono pokha pakuwerenga: ma vowels

Tiyeni tipitirire ku ma vowels. -kuŵerengedwa ngati Russian - (pacem-pakem), - ndi -ikumasulira kawirikawiri makutu a Russian (et-et, caritas-karitas), pamene -ndi- -kuchepa pang'ono, Monga m'Chingelezi mwatsatanetsatane ndi phazi (dona - doona, deum - deuum). Ngati pali ndondomeko yowoneka pamwamba pa vowel, imatanthauza kuti phokoso limatchulidwa patali pang'ono kuposa malamulo ovomerezeka.

Pang'ono pa kuwerenga: diphthongs

Nthawi yomaliza ndi diphthongs: -a- (- ta- tae-taidai), -a- reads monga -au- (gaudet-gaudet), ndi -oe-becomes -o- (foedus-foydus). Komanso, ngati pali liwu la ma voliyumu m'mawu, ndiye kuti muyenera kutchula aliyense wa iwo, kupatula ngati, sikuti ndi diphthongs: aeiouy - eeeoui.

Pang'ono pokha pakuwerenga: kupsyinjika

Ndipo za nkhawa. Palibe mawu ovuta omwe ali ndi mawu omveka pa syllable yomaliza - kawirikawiri ndi pachitatu kuchokera kumapeto kwa syllable. Ngati syllable yapamtima yayitali, ndiye kuti nkhawa imagwera pa iyo. Kutalika ndi syllable yomwe imatsekedwa ndi chidziwitso pamene syllable yotsatira ikuyambanso ndi consonant (yekha), mwinamwake (victoRia) syllable adzakhala yochepa ndipo, kotero, osagwedezeka. Komanso, syllable imatalika ngati ikuyang'anizana ndi ma consonants awiri kapena atatu (maxilla). Mu zikwanira -ur-ndi -at- (mixtura, immaturus), syllable imakhalanso yaitali, koma mu -li-ndi -ol-, mosiyana, ndi yochepa (betula, foeniculum). Mfundo ina yofunikira: kubwereka kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek nthawi zambiri limakhalabe ndi nkhawa (peritoneum).