Njira ya kabisidwe mudziwe ntchito manambala. bayinare kabisidwe

Mu njira ya chitukuko cha anthu wabwera kuzindikira kufunika kwa kusunga ndi kudali pa mtunda kapena zinanso. Zikatero chikufunika kusanduliza mu chizindikiro. Zimenezi amatchedwa deta kabisidwe. Text zambiri, zithunzi motero akhoza lidzasinthidwa manambala. Za mmene mungachitire izo, limatiuza nkhani yathu.

Kufala kwa nkhani pa mtunda

Kuti akapereke uthenga kwa wolemba kwa addressee (kuchokera ku gwero kuti wolandila), zofala kwambiri ntchito mitundu itatu ya kachitidwe kufala:

• mthenga-positi;
• lamayimbidwe (mwachitsanzo, kudzera wokamba a);
• pamaziko a njira kutumiza mauthenga (waya, wailesi, kuwala, mayikirowevu kulandirana, Kanema, CHIKWANGWANI kuwala).

Ambiri pa nthawiyo ndi za mtundu kumapeto kwa dongosolo HIV. Komabe, ntchito zawo amafuna asanayambe ntchito limodzi kapena njira zina za kabisidwe zambiri. Ndi manambala mu alipidwa kalembedwe decimal wa munthu masiku ano kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri.

kubisa

Nthawi zina uthenga mukufuna kubisa zili kwa alendo. Pankhaniyi, kubisa ntchito. Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kabisidwe zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito manambala.

Bayinare dongosolo chiwerengero

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo computer, asayansi ankafunitsitsa kufunafuna chipangizo umene ungampange monga zangokhala manambala mu kompyuta. nkhani linathera pamene Claude Shannon akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito bayinare dongosolo chiwerengero. Zakhala kuyambira m'ma 17 ndipo wofunikila kukhazikitsa chipangizo ndi limati awiri khola lolingana zomveka "1" ndi zomveka "0". Iwo anali pa nthawi imeneyo zinkadziwika kusefukira - kuchokera pakati, chomwe chingathe kukhala mwina maginito kapena demagnetized, kwa transistor kuti akhoza kukhala mwina lotseguka kapena lotseka.

Ubwino wa dongosolo bayinare manambala lokhudza chomasuka kuwerengetsera angathe kuchitidwa pa nambala akuimira mu kalembedwe bayinare.

Monga otembenuka "zonse" mudziwe mu mawonekedwe oyenera processing kompyuta ndi kusunga

Computer bayinare malamulo akuyendera mwaukadaulo ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa nyemba pa zinthu zing'onozing'ono yosungirako. Atha kukhala:

1. Photo-kuwala nyemba. Pamwamba pa chimbale aliyense kuwala (DVD, CD, kapena BluRay) Amakhala ndi mwauzimu anapanga ku zigawo yaing'ono. Aliyense wa iwo kapena kuwala kapena mdima mtundu. Pamene chimbale cha amanena mu galimoto, mvetserani mawu ake mwauzimu amangoganizira laser. chinyezimiro wake imagwera pa foni dzuwa. Yotsirizira mu nkhani iyi ndi mfundo wolandila. Bright m'madera mwauzimu kuonetsa kuwala ndi kupatsira selo dzuwa, mdima M'malo mwake, kuyamwa kuwala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, photocell amalandira mauthenga encrypted mu njira ya chimbale ngati mawanga akuda ndi kuwala.

2. nyemba maginito. Ndi thandizo lawo, ndiyotengera zambiri pa galimoto yovuta, yomwe inali mkati mbale mofulumira onsewo. Monga mu nkhani ya chimbale kuwala, padziko lonse - mwauzimu, chomwe zinayendera zigawo yaing'ono kuchuluka kwa mamiliyoni angapo. Aliyense wa iwo ndi membala chimene chingathe kulandira imodzi limati awiri: ". Sanali maginito" "maginito" kapena Iwo apanga kachidindo bayinare wa nkhani ina. "Lodziwa", mmene zinthu konkire ikuchitika ndi mutu chapadera chimene chimatichititsa pamodzi pamwamba mbale.

3. zikhumbo magetsi. RAM ndi Chip kompyuta kuti tichipeza mamiliyoni maselo ang'onoang'ono, "anasonkhana" ku capacitors tosaoneka ndi transistors. Aliyense wa iwo anyamula ndi mlandu magetsi kapena kukhala uncharged. Osakaniza maselo kukumbukira zimene ali mmodzi wa limati ziwiri, kupanga kachidindo bayinare. Mu zipangizo zina zonse pamaziko tchipisi kukumbukira, monga galimoto kung'anima, SSD-onyamula, ndi zina zotero., The zambiri amasungidwa njira yomweyo.

lemba kabisidwe

Monga tanenera kale, za mtundu wina deta kutembenuka kwa HIV ndi kusunga ndi encrypted. Izo ntchito kuti adziteteze mwayi wosaloleka. Poyamba, kubisa pamodzi ndi njira zambiri wosazindikira ankagwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi wolemba pulogalamu mderali:

• Kudzera Polybius lalikulu ndi tebulo limene linalembedwa mu dongosolo linalake lonse Greek zilembo. Aliyense kalata ya uthenga m'malo ndi awiri manambala woimira chiwerengero cha mizati ndi mizere.
• Kudzera Alberti litayamba wopangidwa mwa mabwalo awiri concentric. Iwo chinaperekedwa makalata ndi manambala. Iwo anaika mnzake mu mzere ndi onsewo mbale.

The njira zamakono za kabisidwe mudziwe lemba mu kompyuta mogwirizana ndi mfundo zofanana. Kukhazikitsa ake, aliyense khalidwe la zilembo limafanana ndi inteja ena. Ndiye izo ikumasuliridwa malamulo bayinare. Eyiti Akamva n'zotheka kuti encode 256 osiyana. zokwanira awo kuimira makalata onse a English ndi zinenero Russian, kuphatikizapo zazikulu otchulidwa masamu ndi zopumira, komanso ena wamba otchulidwa mwapadera.

Pano palibe chomveka dongosolo ASCII. 2 atathana codebook ake. Awa, m'munsi amati mtengo kuchokera 0 kuti 127, ndipo manambala yaitali umaimiridwa ndi 128 ndi 255.

Kodi 'kala' ikusonyeza mafano monochrome pa kompyuta

Aliyense wakuda ndi woyera chithunzi kupulinta pansi kubukitsa galasi chimaoneka ya mfundo zomwe zimatchedwa raster. Liniya amayang'anira ndi kuwala kwa aliyense tingasonyezere mawu a integers. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malamulo bayinare angagwiritsidwe ntchito rastirovaniya fano. A wamba panopa ankaona chifaniziro monochrome fanizo monga osakaniza ambiri pixels ndi 256 gradations wa imvi. Pakuti n'zosangalatsa kumva 'kala' ikusonyeza kuwala kwa aliyense wa iwo amafuna nambala eyiti-bit bayinare.

Chifaniziro cha zithunzi zooneka

njira ya kabisidwe zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zimenezo kuzindikira penapake zovuta. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, chisanadze chofunika, chifukwa cha kusanganikirana awo kufanana yotsimikizika tingawadziwe hue aliyense amaona munthu diso chithunzi kuwonongeka mu mitundu 3 zofunika (wobiriwira, wofiira ndi buluu). Njira imeneyi wolemba pulogalamu zithunzi ntchito manambala ntchito 24 Tinthu otchedwa RGB, kapena makaka (oona Mtundu).

Ngati izo zifika kusindikiza Baibulo lidalembedwa dongosolo CMYK. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo yakuti aliyense wa RGB chigawo chachikulu mukhoza kusonkhana mtundu yothandizana kuti woyera. Iwo cyan, magenta ndi chikasu. Ngakhale kuti wokwanira, kuti kuchepetsa kusindikiza ndi anawonjezera chachinayi chigawo chimodzi - wakuda. Choncho, kuimira zithunzi mu dongosolo CMYK kumafuna 32 manambala bayinare, ndipo iye anatcha mode ndi mitundu.

chifaniziro cha phokoso

Pa nkhani yoti pali njira imeneyi ya kabisidwe mudziwe ntchito manambala, yankho lake liyenera kukhala inde. Komabe, pakadali makhalidwe oterowo suona wangwiro. Njirazi ndi monga:

• FM njira. Bukuli lili ndi kuwonongeka kwa phokoso aliwonse mu ndondomeko ya chizindikiro pulayimale funde la mafurikwense osiyana omwe tinganene kuti ndi code.
• Table-yoweyula njira. Magome chisanadze cholinga kusungidwa zitsanzo - zitsanzo za phokoso la zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoimbira. Numeri kusonyeza mtundu wa chida ndi chitsanzo chiwerengero, phula, mwamphamvu, ndi nthawi ya mawu, ndi zina zotero.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kuti kabisidwe bayinare - njira imodzi yofala kupereka mauthenga, amene anachita mbali yaikulu mu chitukuko cha makompyuta.