Nkhanambo mu mbatata: zifukwa ndi mankhwala

Scurf pa mbatata - ndi mafangasi matenda zokhudza tubers. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akhoza kukhala nthawi yayitali mu nthaka, masamba kubwera kudzera pores kapena zilonda zing'onozing'ono. Ndikungofuna kunena kuti kachilombo muzu masamba akhoza kudya, koma gawo kuonongeka kwa odulidwa ndi kutayidwa. Chiopsezo nkhanambo ndi chofunika ndi kukoma masamba kugwa, kugwa kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, mchere ndi amino zidulo. Ngati imfa ya zakudya ndi 35% -40%, zokolola yafupika ndi theka (60% -65% zimatheka nthawi zina imfa).

zinthu yabwino kwa chitukuko cha matenda

Mofanana ndi matenda aliwonse, nkhanambo limapezeka nthawi zina. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

- nthaka pH wa 6.1 - 7.4, mwachitsanzo anachita ndi pang'ono zamchere.

- Kutentha 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- Nthaka chinyezi - mu osiyanasiyana 50-70%.

- Posankha laimu ndi phulusa.

- Ngati fetereza manyowa panthaka. Vuto lagona pa mfundo yakuti odana nkhanambo kuonongeka tubers nthawi zambiri ntchito kudyetsa ziweto. Popeza kuti yaying'ono-zamoyo ndi khola kwambiri, iwo kudutsa thirakiti m'mimba mwa nyama ndi kupita pamodzi ndi chimbudzi wake. Feteleza nthaka ndi manyowa kotero ungamuphe kuipitsidwa zina.

- Pamene owonjezera feteleza asafe ndi calcium.

- Ndi kupanda boron nthaka ndi manganese.

zodzitetezera kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa nkhanambo

Ndi bwino kuyesa kulenga ndi kukhalabe mavuto nthumwi causative ndi wovuta. Koma ngati inu munazindikira tubers yaing'ono njerewere otukukira kunja, onetsetsani kuti tipeze mmene kuchotsa mbatata nkhanambo. Pali nsonga ambiri kuti wamaluwa kuti akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda:

• Yenderani mosamala chodzala zakuthupi. Sankhani tubers lalikulu masekeli 75-100 G pretreated ndi njira asidi boric (10 ga mu 9 L madzi).
• Nato kubzala mbewu muzu komanso amachepetsa chiopsezo nkhanambo.
• Mukakolola zatsalira onse ayenera amatengedwa (owonongedwa tubers, mizu, umatheka) mbaavunga.
• Mbatata kubzala malo wolowa m'malo mwa nthawi pambuyo kufesa nyemba, zomwe zingapindulitse nthaka ndi asafe ndi kupopera mankhwala izo. Tubers kubwerera ku malo ake poyambirira kukhala zaka 4-5.
• Chongani acidity nthaka (pH sayenera upambana 6.0). Apo ayi, chikhalidwe akhoza kuukira mbatata nkhanambo. chithandizo mwa mankhwala palibe zotsatira, koma kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda yosavuta. Kusintha pH kungakhale mchere feteleza (superphosphate) pansi tubers. Bwino timakumbukira kuthirira ndandanda. Kuwonjezera mandimu ndi zogwirizana kokha pamene pH nthaka pansipa 4.9. Zothandiza kuphimbira mbatata wagwa paini masingano, kupanga sulfure (2.1 - 3.2 makilogalamu pa sq.m.) kapena gypsum (15-20 makilogalamu pa mamita zana lalikulu).

Awa ndi malangizo chabe ambiri. Wamaluwa kofunika kudziwa zomwe ndi zosiyana pa mbatata nkhanambo. Njira kulimbana ndi chitukuko zinthu zikhoza kukhala zosiyana pang'ono, koma ambiri, malamulo kuthetsa vuto ndinu yemweyo.

wamba nkhanambo

Mtundu wa matenda zimapezeka kambirimbiri kuposa zina. The causative wothandizila ndi Streptomyces mphere. Kwambiri kukula mu dothi mchenga ndi Mbali yokhala ngati, mu chinyezi mkulu ndi mlingo waukulu wa nkhani organic. Isanayambike matenda mosavuta matenda ndi zilonda zing'onozing'ono, zomwe pang'onopang'ono ndipo zinadzakuta ndi ❖ kuyanika pulagi-ngati.

A nkhanambo Common pa mbatata palibe konse sukulu. Kwambiri chitetezo chokwanira amphamvu matenda ndi "Berlichingen" ndi "Priekule" ndi "Kameraz".

Pamodzi ndi malamulo ambiri timabzala ndiponso kusamalira chikhalidwe pali zina zochepa. patsogolo mmene kuchotsa nkhanambo mbatata, kuchititsa mankhwala otetezera a tubers - kuwaza iwo ndi njira "Nitrafen" kapena "Polikarbatsin". kwambiri kulimbana matenda amathandiza kuti zimere chodzala zakuthupi kuwala. Kuthirira chikhalidwe kuyamba mwamsanga kuzama kwa nthaka ndi kupitiriza bola ngati thunthu la zomera si zomwe masentimita 1.5-2 mu makulidwe.

powdery nkhanambo

The causative wothandizila ndi Spongospora subterranea. Mpatuko mu nthaka konyowa. Ndipo chunks a tizilomboto mwina mosokonezeka m'dziko lawo ndi kufika mizu. nkhanambo ichi pa mbatata Iwo akuwonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a njerewere ku imvi kuwala.

ming'alu tuber khungu pa malo a matenda, matenda kufalikira zina. Akukhulupirira kuti mitundu monga "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" ndi "Wamkulu" ali pafupifupi osati anakhudzidwa ndi matenda.

matenda mbatata - nkhanambo powdery - amakhudza mizu ndi thunthu. The tubers timakhala matenda sekondale ndi choipitsa mochedwa ndi maonekedwe a zowola youma. Kubzala zakuthupi pamaso Kufesa anali mu njira 40% formalin (chiŵerengero - 1: 200) kwa mphindi 6-7, ndiye kuti maola awiri kuphimba lona.

scurf siliva

Poyamba, tubers kuoneka mawanga bulauni kapena yamawangamawanga kakang'ono kooneka wakuda mwaye. Pambuyo mbatata khungu ukuchoka malo amakhala imvi.

Akuti causative bowa Helminthosporium solani, amene mofulumira propagates pa kutentha 19-21 ° C ndi 90-95% chinyezi.

Matendawa ndi oopsa chifukwa zokolola akutsikira zikuchepa. Anakhudzidwa tubers kupitiriza kuonda ngakhale pamene kusungidwa ndi nkhungu imvi akhoza kuoneka pa malo a njerewere lapansi. Kuti atengeke matenda zokolola pa loamy ndi dothi mchenga. Pamaso kubzala tubers unazokotedwa. Chithandizo komanso ikuchitika yomweyo mukakolola pamaso mankhwala yosungirako ntchito monga "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" kapena "Tito."

Rhizoctonia kapena lakuda nkhanambo

The causative wothandizila ndi Rhizoctonia solani. Mpatuko m'mikhalidwe mkulu chinyezi. Kawirikawiri matenda kumachitika pamene kasupe mochedwa ndi mvula. Izo kumaonekera monga mawanga kapena mdima mozama sclerotia amene nkomwe anafukula kuzichotsa.

Black scurf pa mbatata oopsa chifukwa akhoza kukantha wina kumera tuber. mphukira, kapena kufa, kapena kuoneka padziko ndi chotupa cha mapesi ndi masamba litapotanitsidwa chapamwamba. Best wa tizilomboto onse amamvera dothi loamy.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zosinthika kwambiri zosasangalatsa matenda, chifukwa kugonjetsedwa mitundu iyo kulibe. Osati kusonyeza wakuda nkhanambo wa mbatata, chithandizo akuyamba ndi etching tubers zinthuzi bakiteriya monga "yofunika", "Planriz" kapena "Bactofit" ndipo amatanthauzanso "Fenoram", "Vivataks" kapena "limakhulupirira".

Kubzala Kuya: mchenga loam nthaka - 7 masentimita, loamy - 8-11 masentimita wa peat - 12-13 masentimita zikhalire pafupifupi ankafika nthawi pamene nthaka umafunda kwa + 8 ° C .. Iwo kumathandiza zosayembekezereka wa m'chimake choipitsa feteleza mchere ndi organic mlingo waukulu kuposa akulimbikitsidwa pang'ono zosiyanasiyana.