Nkhani, nthano ndi zinsinsi za mumzinda wa Moscow

Mzinda uliwonse wakale uli ndi nthano zake. Mzindawu uli pafupi ndi nthano komanso sitima yapansi panthaka ya Moscow. Zina mwa izo ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, koma zina palibe dontho limodzi lachinsinsi. Dmitry Glukhovsky, wolemba mabuku osangalatsa "Metro 2033" ndi "Metro 2034", anawonjezera mafuta pamoto. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mafilimu opangidwa ndi iwo ndi masewero a kanema adakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha maziko awo anangokhala achipembedzo chokha, athandiza chidwi cha anthu kumsewu wapansi panthaka mpaka pamapeto. Panopa anthu ambiri omwe amadziŵa zinthu zambiri komanso akatswiri a diggers amatsika pansi, ndipo zinsinsi za mumsewu wopita kumsewu mumzinda wa Moscow zimatsegula pang'ono asanayang'ane. Tiyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa dziko lapansi lodabwitsa.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Ntchito yoyamba ya metro inapangidwa kuyambira 1872 ndipo iyenera kuikidwa kuchokera ku sitima yapamtunda ya Kursk kupita ku Lubyanka. Ntchito yachiŵiri (1890) inapereka kukula kwakukulu kwa makina a metro. Maphunziro oyenerera akukonzekera ayamba. Koma chifukwa cha kusakhutira kwa anthu (makamaka abambo ndi atsogoleri), a Duma a Moscow anakana ntchitoyi. Lingaliro la kumanga sitima yapansi panthaka linabweretsedwa kokha pansi pa Stalin, ndiyeno kumayambiriro kwa zomangamanga kunayikidwa.

Zinsinsi za m'mabwinja a mumzinda wa Moscow

Mpaka tsopano, pamene akumanga mizere yatsopano, zowonongeka zapeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapezeka m'mabwinja: zotsalira za ammonites ndi zilembo, nsomba-lizards (plesiosaurs ndi ichthyosaurs). Mchitidwe wodabwitsa wa mchere wa maluwa ndi nyanja zamaluwa umakongoletsa malowa "Ploshchad Ilyicha". Pa kusintha pakati pa malowa "Lenin Library" ndi "Borovitskaya" pali chipolopolo cha gastropod mollusk yomwe imapezeka pafupi. Marble palokha imadulidwanso mumzindawu. Malinga ndi nthano, malo oyambirira a metro anali okongoletsedwa ndi mwala woyera woyera, umene unapita ku kubwezeretsedwa kwa Serpukhov Kremlin.

Zakachisi zamkati

Zinsinsi za mumsewu wodutsa mumsewu wa Moscow, wokhala ndi ziphunzitso zachipembedzo kapena tanthauzo lopatulika, amakopeka ofufuza kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuyamba kukumbukira guwa lansembe lomwe linamangidwa pa "October". Zowonekeratu ndizipata zachifumu, zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zovuta, zomwe kuchokera kutali zikuwoneka ngati mtanda waukulu wa Orthodox. Station "Komsomolskaya" imakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zosaoneka bwino zokongola, komanso zimanyamula zinthu zachipembedzo. Mlembi wa zojambulajambula ndi wojambula wachifanizo P.Kochin, yemwe adatsitsimutsa chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi Nereditsky pa gulu "Alexander Nevsky". Wojambulayo adaika mbendera ya Mpulumutsi m'manja mwa Dmitry Donskoy. Kuopsa, komabe, sitepe - mu nthawi za Soviet Union! Zimanenedwa kuti wojambula zithunzi amalipidwa kwambiri chifukwa chochita masewera. Koma Ekaterina Furtseva, mtumiki wa chikhalidwe, adamupulumutsa. Kukongola kwa zojambula kumamukhudza iye kotero kuti iye mwini adayimirira wojambula pamaso pa mtsogoleri.

Nyumba yatsopano yodabwitsa

Kuchokera mu 1996 mu magalimoto panali magulani a metro omwe ali ndi beji ya malo "Fiztech". Ziphuphu zimafalikira panthawi yoyamba yomanga. Komabe, padapezeka kuti palibe malo oterewa mu polojekitiyi. Icho chinachitika: izi ndi nthabwala chabe ya ophunzira a fizikiya amene adalenga pa kompyuta ndipo adalemba zabodza. Kuchokera apo, nthawi ndi apo pali ndondomeko, "abakha" ndi malo ku Biryulyovo, Dolgoprudniy, Mytishchi. Zikuwoneka kuti zikuwululira zinsinsi zamakono za Moscow metro sizovuta (pambuyo pake, zenizeni zogulitsidwa kwaulere!), Koma chaka ndi chaka nkhaniyo ndi magalimoto omwe salipo akubwerezedwa.

Kulimbana mosiyana ndi: palibe pulogalamuyi

Zambiri mwazinsinsi za mumzinda wa Moscow zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo omwe alipo, malo omwe sapezeka m'mabwalo a boma, malo ogulitsira pamwamba, nthambi zonse komanso mabomba omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo. Mwachitsanzo, kuzunguliridwa ndi mphekesera, "Phokoso Lalikulu". Lingaliro ndilo: Pali lalikulu, payenera kukhala Small. Ndipotu, Phokoso laling'onong'ono linakonzedweratu, koma polojekitiyo sinayambe kugwira ntchito. Zopeka ndi zodabwitsa "Soviet". Ntchito yomangayo sinamalizidwe, sitimayo sinakhale malo. Koma idasandulika ku likulu la Civil Defence, lomwe lili pamwamba pa malo awiri pamwamba pa nthaka ndikusiya masentimita angapo mamita mozama.

"Pervomaiskaya" ndi "Kaluga" ndi malo okalamba, omwe ataya ntchito yake. Tsogolo lawo ndi lofanana: m'mbuyomo, malo omalizira adasiyidwa kapena kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa nthambizo, ndipo mayina awo adawonekera pa njira zatsopano. Anthu okwera pakhomo lopanda kanthu la "Volokolamskaya" amatha kuona zowonongeka ndi matayala. Osakhala ndi moyo kuchokera pamaso pa siteshoni - mwachizolowezi chosatha. Monga mukuonera, zinsinsi zambiri za Moscow metro zimathandiza kwambiri kuti zikhale zomveka bwino. Koma, motsatira lingaliro lofanana, kodi zikhulupiriro izi zinachokera kuti? Kodi kamodzi kadzatsegula pansi mwachinsinsi pansi mwachinsinsi ku Moscow zinsinsi zake zonse?