N'kofunika BP: Zizindikiro, Amachititsa, Matendawa, Chithandizo

N'kofunika oopsa ndi aakulu kudwala mtundu. kusintha Morphological ku maziko a matenda osiyana, izo zonse zimadalira chikhalidwe cha chiyambi chake. Kenako, ganizirani kuti oopsa N'kofunika akuimira madigiri onse a mwamphamvu.

mwachidule

Waukulu matenda chizindikiro cha matenda amati kuwonjezereka kulimbikira zizindikiro kuthamanga. Matendawa zachokera osati mitundu ina yonse ya matenda. N'kofunika oopsa chili kuchokera pamene kuchepa aimpso ntchito nkhawa. Choyamba kusintha onse morphological athandize ziwiya mtima ndi magazi.

zosinthika wa mwakale

Boma wathanzi anzawo kwaiye ndi kuchepa mu ventricle kumanzere. Pankhaniyi otaya magazi ejected mu msempha, ndiyeno apita mu mitsempha ang'onoang'ono. mlingo kuthamanga amayikidwa mu malinga ndi buku magazi mu zotengera, mlingo wa mavuto a mpanda mtsempha wamagazi. Ubwino nayenso arteriolar kamvekedwe (zazing'ono ngalande). Oopsa ndi kuwonjezeka mu zotengera wolumikizira wa bwalo lalikulu la kuthamanga hydrostatic. Mwachibadwa, zizindikiro zingasiyane malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha munthuyo. Choncho, akagona ali pansi, pamene psycho-athupi kapena kupsinjika kuchuluka. Komabe, monga ulamuliro, kuthamanga akubwereranso mwakale - kuchokera 100/60 kuti 140/90. Ngati kanjedza anapatsidwa pamwamba, ndiye kudziwa matenda oopsa. The zifukwa zimene chida wolumikizira oopsa, osiyana.

Zina mwa zifukwa

N'kofunika oopsa akuti ndi mtundu ambiri oopsa, koma akatiputa kuwulula Sizotheka. Komabe, odwala ndi kudwala, anapeza ena ubale khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, N'kofunika oopsa kumachitika kokha mu magulu kumene msinkhu mowa mchere kuposa 5,8 g / tsiku. Akatswiri zindikirani kuti izi kwenikweni ndi kudya kwambiri kungakhale kofunika chiopsezo china. Makamaka amakonda kukhala oopsa, okalamba, anthu insufficiency aimpso, kunenepa. Palinso chinthu chibadwa.

shuga

Mu malo oyamba matenda a mbiri mankhwala ofunika. N'kofunika oopsa amaganizira shuga. Kapamba lili Zilumba za maselo Langerhans. Iwo anapanga timadzi insulin. Iwo oyang'anira ndende shuga, kumalimbikitsa kutengerapo ake nyengo structural. Pamodzi ndi ichi, ndi insulin ali vasodilating kanthu. Bwinobwino zolimbikitsa timadzi amatha kuchita ntchito chifundo. Mu kuthamanga magazi sanasinthe. Koma Zikavuta Mwachitsanzo, shuga, wachifundo popatsana ntchito akhoza kugonjetsa mmene vasodilating.

Chinthu majini

Akatswiri amaona imodzi yofunika chitukuko cha kudwala. Komabe, majini udindo pakutchulidwa wa matenda oopsa, sanapezeke. Masiku ano, ofufuza ntchito pa kuphunzira zinthu zimene zimakhudza dongosolo renin-angiotensin. Iwo nawo mu kaphatikizidwe biologically yogwira mankhwala - renin - zimathandiza kuti kuthamanga. dongosolo ili mu impso. N'kofunika oopsa ndi pafupifupi 30% ya milandu chifukwa cha majini. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika ndi apamwamba mu American African kuposa European kapena Asian. Komanso, sitichedwa chitukuko cha pathologies amene ali limodzi kapena onse makolo amadwala matenda oopsa. Nthawi zina, matenda oopsa N'kofunika ndi zotsatira za matenda majini ku zopangitsa kwa adrenal.

mtima kudwala

odwala ambiri ndi matenda oopsa ndi kukana mkulu (kuchepa elasticity) wa arterioles. ziwiya izi anasamutsa mu capillaries lapansi. Pamene imfa elasticity wayamba kuonjezera kuthamanga. Chifukwa chophwanya zoterozo arterioles si bwino kwathunthu. Koma anapeza kuti kuchepetsa mtima elasticity khalidwe la anthu ndi oopsa chifukwa cha majini, ukalamba, amaika mchere wambiri, wongokhala. Udindo mu kudwala ndi limabweretsa njira yotupa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kudziwika C-zotakasika mapuloteni mu magazi a mpanda wa atumikire monga chinthu prognostic.

kunenepa

Ichi ndi chinthu china chofunika pakutchulidwa wa matenda oopsa n'kofunika. Pamene onenepa Mwina wa matenda pamwamba nthawi 5. Mwachitsanzo, mu United States za kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za milandu onse oopsa kugwirizana ndi kunenepa. Zoposa 85% odwala ndi thupi misa index kuposa 25.

ndi sodium

pawiri Zimenezi n'zofunika pa kakulidwe ka matenda oopsa komanso. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi la milandu onse a matenda oopsa, amagwirizana ndi kudya kwambiri wa sodium wochuluka. kupitilira Disease zachokera luso pawiri kuti musunge madzi. Atamupanikiza owonjezera kwambiri chifukwa zili mu m'magazi a madzi.

renin

Zotsatira za pawiri izi biologically yogwira amagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu kamvekedwe mtima. Zimenezi zimachititsa ponso mu chipsyinjo. BP akhoza kugwirizana ndi milingo onse otsika ndi mkulu wa renin. Mwachitsanzo, zili pawiri yafupika ntchito khalidwe la America African. Mu nkhani imeneyi, mankhwala aluso amaonedwa okodzetsa.

zinthu zina

Anapeza kuti chitukuko cha matenda oopsa ali kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi Nthaŵi zina mkonono umasonyeza. Zofala ndi chidwi precipitating chinthu ankaona zaka. Kwa zaka mpanda chotengera ndi wapezeka ndi kuchuluka ulusi kolajeni. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali thickening awo ndi imfa ya elasticity, kuchepetsa lumen.

chithunzi matenda

Zinadziwika zofunika oopsa? Zizindikiro za matenda nthawi zambiri zikusowa. Monga maonekedwe enieni okha mutuluka nthawi yaitali yekha kuthamanga. Pali mfundo mmalire, chimene matenda. Motero, kwa "pamwamba" (systolic) kuthamanga ndi 140-159 mamilimita Hg. Art, chifukwa diastolic -. 90-94. Nthawi zina, Woyambirira N'kofunika oopsa limodzi ndi:

• Litsipa kumbuyo kwa mutu.
• Palpitations.
• Kawiri masomphenya.
• Tinnitus.

Mphamvu ya zizindikiro zimenezi kumatheka ndi kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu kuthamanga (hypertensive mavuto). Ndi kusintha chiyambi m'zotengera magazi ndi ziwalo sizingasinthe pa nthawi. Monga "chandamale" ndi mtima, impso, ubongo.

siteji pathological

Mu chikhalidwe zochepa aakulu yodziwika ndi nthawi kuthamanga nyamuka (diastolic - kuposa 95). Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe olimba ndi zotheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Wapakati azikhala ndi kudwala yodziwika ndi nyamuka khazikika m'njira kuthamanga (diastolic - mu osiyanasiyana 105-114). Mu stepi ino, zikhoza kuonedwa venules thambo arteriolar kuchepetsa, kukha mwazi fundus popanda matenda ena. Chinthu katundu losiyana Kuwonjezeka kuthamanga (diastolic - oposa 115). boma olimba zimachokeradi ngakhale pambuyo mavutowo. Pa nthawi imeneyi kusintha kwambiri kutchulidwa mu fundus lapansi. Ulili nawonso limodzi ndi chitukuko cha arteriosclerosis ndi arteriolo-, anasiya yamitsempha yamagazi hypertrophy, Cardiosclerosis. pathological kukonzanso kwa ziwalo zimapezekanso.

Comorbidities

Oopsa ingathe kuchitidwa ndi:

• Ashuga nephropathy.
• Angina pectoris.
• Mtima.
• Revascularization ya mitsempha inatsekeratu.
• msokonezo chosakhalitsa kupezeka ubongo.
• Hemorrhagic ndi ischemic sitiroko.
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe.
• Kutayika kwa magazi kapena exudate.
• Aakulu retinopathy.
• Aneurysm.
• Impso ndi congestive kulephera mtima.

diagnostics

Bukuli lili ndi ziyenera a zizindikiro za anzawo. Kulongosolerana matenda amafuna osachepera miyezo itatu palokha. Izi amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake sphygmomanometer ndi njira Korotkoff. Matenda a njira yachiwiri ya kudwala ndi kudziwa mlingo wa kuwonongeka limba mwachita ndi kafukufuku zina. Makamaka, wodwala chinafotokoza mkodzo ndi magazi zitsanzo zenizeni ndi ambiri, ultrasound a ziwalo ndi mtima, zosiyanasiyana mayesero, ECG ndi zina zotero.

polojekiti tsiku

Pamene ntchito njira imeneyi kuphunzira mtima kuvala yaotomatiki magazi polojekiti, kukonza mlingo wa magazi masana. Imeneyi pakati miyezo, kawirikawiri Mphindi 30-60 60-120 mphindi usana ndi usiku. Chifukwa ndi makumi angapo zotsatira. Kuchokera pa deta tingadziwire kuthamanga avareji tsiku, usiku, tsiku. Kuphatikiza pa zolozerazi mwachindunji, n'zotheka kuti mudziwe, amene mwa njira zina akusonyeza pamaso pa matenda oopsa. mudziwe akamachita muyeso wa liwiro kuwonjezeka ndi kucheperachepera kuthamanga pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku.

N'kofunika matenda oopsa: chithandizo

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana olimba. Chisankho kudzadalira chikhalidwe ndi zovuta matenda. Choncho, n'kofunika ndi renovascular oopsa kusonyezedwa ndi kusiyana kwambiri. Makamaka miyeso achire ayenera kupita kuumiriza olimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kusintha zinthu zonse chiopsezo. Wodwala ayenera kusiya kusuta fodya komanso makhalidwe ena oipa, kuti abwereze zakudya kwa matenda thupi. Kwa odwala amene anapezeka ndi matenda oopsa n'kofunika, mankhwala ayenera kupita pa kuthetsa pathologies concomitant: shuga, ndi ena. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa thupi ntchito chakudya cha akudzuka ndi kugona. Mu menyu kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi nyama mafuta ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Mu chakudya zakudya zomera ayenera kupezeka, mkaka, dzinthu, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pamodzi ndi mankhwala amenewa idzayenda mu thupi kufufuza zinthu ndi mankhwala ena othandiza, mavitamini.

zotsatira mankhwala

Tikumbukenso kuti n'kofunika oopsa ndi mosavuta kuwasiya. Today mu Russia amalangiza makalasi asanu ndi awiri a mankhwala. Renovascular oopsa (sekondale) ali bwino inathetsedwa. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala umalimbana kwenikweni kulimbana matenda akuluakulu. Mwa mankhwala zotchulidwa matenda, ndi izi:

• Okodzetsa (mankhwala diuretic). Amathandiza kuchotsa madzimadzi owonjezera m'thupi. Zikuphatikizapo ndalama "Furosemide", "Hypothiazid" ndi ena.
• Ndipo beta blockers. Last ntchito lokha pa pathologies concomitant. Beta-blockers monga "nadolol," "acebutolol".
• Kashiamu muzikangana. Ndi madyedwe yowonjezera ya magnesium mwa zakudya kuganizira phwando kashiamu antagonist.
• Ace zoletsa.
• Imidozalina cholandilira agonists.
• Angiotensin cholandilira muzikangana (kutanthauza "losartan").

Kusankha mankhwala ikuchitika ndi dokotala.