Ivan 3: zotsatira za Board ndi cholowa

Mwa akulu a Moscow chionekera Ivan 3. Zotsatira cha ulamuliro wa Mfumu n'zochititsa chidwi. Iye anatha kugwirizanitsa padziko Moscow pafupifupi maiko onse Russian. Pamene potsiriza waponya Mongolian goli. Awa ndi kupambana zina Ivan anakhala zikomo zotheka kuti zokambirana zake kugawa nzeru.

The nkhani zandale

Ivan III anabadwa mu 1440 ku banja la Moscow Grand Prince Vasily Mdima. bambo ake anali pafupifupi onse a ulamuliro wake pa nkhondo ndi achibale - khama mpando wachifumuwo. Pa nkhondoyo, Basil anachititsidwa khungu ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo wake pafupifupi sangathenso. Mwana wamkulu, Ivan anakhala maso ake ndi makutu. Kuyambira ndili mwana wolowa anaphunzira BOMA. maluso onse walandira bambo ake anamuthandiza m'tsogolo, pamene Grand Duke amayenera kupanga zosankha zovuta ndi udindo.

Ndi imfa Vasily mu 1462 anayamba kulamulira Ivan 3. The zotsatira za ulamuliro wa bambo ake, ngakhale nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni, zakhala zolimbikitsa. Moscow anakhala waukulu Russian pakati ndale. anansi ake anali Zolotaya Orda, Tver ndi Ryazan ukulu, Lithuania ndi Novgorod Republic. limati onsewa anali kulimbana zodziwitsa ndi boma la Russia, kotero Ivan Vasilyevich anali zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa azolowere chipwirikiti zonse mu mfundo yachilendo.

Nkhondo ndi Lithuania

Masiku a Mongol ulamuliro, Moscow anakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa kwambiri m'dziko a kumpoto kum'mawa Russia. Awa anali malo m'chigwa cha malire chapamwamba wa Volga ndi tributary chake cha Oka. Komabe, kumadzulo panali mphamvu ina kuti akhoza kukhala ndi pakati njira ya Russian.

Zinali Lithuania, zomwe, ngakhale ufulu mafumu Chilituyaniya kuti amalembedwa anthu onse amene anali wopangidwa ndi Asilavo kum'mawa. Mu zaka XIV-XV. boma wapita rapprochement ndi Catholic Poland. Mayiko awiri amaganiza mgwirizano ndi analenga Rzeczpospolita. Cha mgwirizano watsopano inatenga Novgorod apamwamba, lotsogoledwa ndi Marfa Boretskaya. Zimenezi sanakhoze kulepheretsa ulamuliro wa Ivan 3. Zotsatira za Mfumu wasonyeza kuti kwenikweni amadziwa Chipolishi Chilituyaniya anaopsezedwa ndipo ayesera njira iliyonse kumenya Goliyati mu "kusonkhanitsa m'mayiko" Chinthu chimodzi.

Chiyembekezo chakuti ya Republic Novgorod

Mu 1471 Novgorod Prince wa Moscow kulengeza nkhondo. Malinga ndi ufulu mtendere pangano Korostynskomu m'manja mabwalo a ku boma la Russia wakhala anatsimikizira. Osanyengelera izi mwachidule anatontholetsa zinthu.

Ivan anali azondi ambiri Novgorod, amene anaonera maganizo a anthu apamwamba m'dera. Atamuuza kalonga za kuyesa latsopano kutumiza kazembe mfumu Polish, mu Moscow, anaganiza ntchito kuperekedwa ili ngati chowiringula pa nkhondo. Novgorod pafupifupi anawapereka iwo wopanda nkhondo. Choncho 1478 izo potsiriza Ufumuyo chifanizo cha boma Russian. The chizindikiro chachikulu cha ufulu belu m'dera msonkhano anatengedwera ku Moscow.

kujowina Tver

Ndi kwambiri mu mikangano ndi anansi ena anachita Ivan 3, zotsatira za gulu limene anasonyeza mphamvu ya malamulo ake aukali. Mu masiku akale anali mdani waukulu wa Moscow Tver. nyengo imeneyo ndi kumbuyo kwathu, ndipo wolamulira wa ukulu uwu Mikhail Borisovich anayesa kunyengerera ndi boma la Russia. Pamene Ivan anali mnyamata, iye anakwatira mlongo wa kazembe wa lina la Tver Mary. Banjalo mwana yekhayo. Iye analinso dzina lake Ivan. Kumbali akuchikazi, mnyamata uyu anakhala Woyesana ufumu wa Tver.

Pamene Michael anayesa kupita rapprochement ndi Poland, Ivan ndiye anapita ndi gulu likulu lake. Tver kalonga, pozindikira chiyembekezo udindo wake, iye anathawira kunja. Choncho 1485, Ivan anali kudzakhala cholowa chake popanda nkhondo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'manja udindo kwa Moscow zina "palokha" Russian mizinda - Pskov ndi Ryazan. kupambana Izi ndi zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Ivan 3. Gome zikusonyeza zochitika zazikulu zokhudza ulamuliro wake.

Mapeto a gori la Khan

nkhani ina yofunika kwa nthawi yaitali anali Chitata Mongol kuopseza lonse la anthu Russian. Kwa nthawi yaitali khans anasonkhana msonkho akalonga Asilavo. Mu 1380, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy anagonjetsa Chitata ku Nkhondo ya Kulikov. Kuyambira pamenepo, mphamvu zawo anali ofooka kwambiri, chifukwa mu kugawikana ndale mu Golden gulu. Makhalidwe ndi zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Ivan 3 anali chigamulocho chomaliza cha vutoli.

The Khan otsiriza, anayesa kuti tributary awo ya Moscow kalonga, anakhala Khan Big gulu Akhmat. Sanalinso anali Siberia, Crimea ndi Nogais, monga akalambula ake, koma zinali zoopsa. Mu 1480 iye anapita ku ulendo pa Moscow. Ivan anapita kusonyeza mdani anatsogolera squads. Magulu awiri adayimilira pa zomenyanazo wa Ugra mtsinje, ndipo konse ankamenyana mu Battle kwa maganizo Ahmat. Pozindikira kuti sangathe sdyuzhil ndi kalonga, iye anasintha. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, ndi Chitata Mongol goli potsiriza waponya. The zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Ivan 3, Mwachidule, kugona chakuti iye anali wokhoza kuteteza Moscow ku kumuopseza yachilendo. Kalonga anafa 1505, predicated pa kupambana kwawo ndi kupambana.