Yemwe adalenga ndege yoyamba

Munthu nthawi zonse kufuna adzauka mu mlengalenga ndi kumva ufulu ndege pa ndime ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha chibadwa sapereka anthu mapiko, maloto ndege anali zopezeka chilengedwe cha ndege wapadera. The ndege yoyamba analengedwa ndi woyamba angapo mu ngodya zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi ndi malire zing'onozing'ono nthawi. Choncho, mwiniwake wa kanjedza pa nkhani imeneyi akadali bwino anakhazikitsa. History amatipatsa kusankha atatu, kukhala enieni, ngakhale khama anayi a atayamba ndege: a Wright Abale ku USA, Alexander Mozhaiskogo ku Russia ndi Alberto Santos Dumont ku Brazil.

The kholo otchuka kwambiri a ndege zamakono chimaonedwabe ndege Wright abale. Woyamba ku United States - Orville ndi Uilbur Rayt anatenga mlengalenga ndege wanu Flyer-1 m'mawa December 17, 1903. The ndege Woyamba unakhala masekondi 12 wokutidwa mtunda chipangizo 36 ndi mamita theka, ndipo woyendetsa choyamba, motero, anakhala Orville Wright, amene anaulukira ndege atagona pa mapiko ake.

Kwenikweni, izo sizinali ukuuluka awo makina mu maonekedwe ake kopambana, ngati ndege unayamba kupita pamodzi ndi njanji Chiongoko, ndipo inapita patsogolo mothandizidwa ndi catapult a. Koma mu nkhani iyi yomanga ake chaperekedwa kwa eni kuyaka injini, amene anamanga abale ake enieni.

Potsatira kuyesera woyamba anatsatira angapo patsogolo ndipo posachedwapa analowa mpweya Flyer-2 ndi Flyer-3. M'dzinja 1905 Bratya Rayt anakwanitsa kuuluka pafupifupi makilomita makumi anai. Pakuti primitiveness ake onse, ndege awo anali woyenera kutchedwa ndege chifukwa iwo anali okonzeka ndi Motors olamulidwa ndi oyendetsa ndipo adagwidwa ndi malamulo a aerodynamics. Komabe, galimotoyo ngati ndege konse ndi kukulira ku mlengalenga ndi catapult a.

Pafupifupi imodzi ndi abale Wright anapezerapo ndege awo mu mlengalenga Brazil zatsopano Alberto Santos-Dumont. Izi zinachitika mu 1906 ku France. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa ndege ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti iye anavula popanda zipangizo zoonjezera, ie iwo kwathunthu kudziletsa injini. The ndege poyamba, yemwe ankatchedwa "14 bis» anali sanali zochotseka galimotoyo ndipo zimauluka yekha mwa mphamvu yake.

Tsopano ayamba wamba chakuti ndege yoyamba yomwe anali akadali anamanga ku America ndi ku Russia kwa zaka makumi atatu pamaso pa ndege Wright abale '. Iye anamanga wake Mozhajskij kumbuyo asilikali, yemwe anali atanena kale maphunziro oyenera. Ake ndege kuyang'ana ngati bwato laling'ono ndi mapaipi angapo, masts ndi awiri injini yaing'ono nthunzi. Iwo ankatchedwa chipolopolo aeronautical, ndi setifiketi kwa ofanana magalimoto mlengalenga Mozhajskij analandira mu 1881.

Kapangidwe Mozhaiskogo akhoza zimachitika mtundu wa ndege fuselage, amene anayamba kwathunthu anamanga zaka 30 kenaka. The zatsopano anali bajeti zolimba kwambiri, ndipo boma adafunafuna kuunikila ndalama zochepa kufufuza ndipo ngati n'kotheka pa zonse m'kagulu ndi kusiya chitukuko onse.

Zalembedwa ndege yoyamba m'chilimwe cha 1882 pafupi St. Petersburg, ku Red Selo. Mwapadera anaitanidwa ndi Commission anati ndege ya ndege, wotchedwa Mozhajskij aerodinamom. The ndege yoyamba omwazika pa yazokonza pansi matabwa, ndi mamita angapo ndipo zimauluka zipita madzi, wosweka phiko.

Akatswiri ofufuza wasonyeza kuti nthawi aerodyne lalembedwa molondola, koma analibe mphamvu ya amagetsi kwa ndege yaitali.

Mozhaisk kugonjetsa mavuto malamulo ndi ndalama anapitiriza kukula kwake. Mu 1890 iye anafa, kukhala malonda ake panalibe munthu, ndi maulamuliro tsarist amakonda kuyiwala za ndege ndikaike maphunziro amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale cholinga ndegeyo kunalibe ntchito - iye anasamutsidwa ku munda Mozhaiskiye pafupi Vologda, ndipo mu 1895 anamuwotcha kumeneko.

Choncho ndani woyamba wofu- patsogolo komaliza? Aliyense aganiza lokha. Ndege - tsamba zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu, amene analengedwa ndi ntchito ya anthu ambiri: theoreticians, madokotala, akatswiri ndi maloto. Choncho, iwo onse ali ndi ufulu kuzindikiridwa ndi kukumbukira.