Courland Pocket - nthano

History okondera. Makamaka kwambiri osiyanasiyana chifukwa nkhondo za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Utsogoleri chipani anali ndi chidwi chakuti mfundo yopezeka mu kuwala yabwino kwa dziko. Today yekha pang'ono tulo maganizo chophimbacho anapachikidwa pa zochitika monga Courland Pocket kwa zaka zambiri.

Monga mbali ya USSR

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse amakhudzidwa chaka ngodya ya mdziko. Nkhondo chinadabwitsa anthu wamba. Koma kasamalidwe akuluakulu osati ankadziwa zokhudza kusintha kuti akuyandikira, ndipo ngakhale kukonzekera nkhondo.

chakuti boma la Mgwirizano, Germany ankadziwa lero akhoza kundiuza ambiri zikalata. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi Molotov-Ribbentrop ke, amene amabisa zolinga choona cha dzina lovomerezeka la "sanali mokwiya ke." Iwo zinasaina protocol chinsinsi chimene Latvia unayamba kulamuliridwa Soviet.

Mu October 1939, malire a boma wauka oposa 20 000 Russian asilikali. Chaka chotsatira, mu June, ndi Commissar Yoona za okhonda Molotov kuika Latvia zikhalidwe: bolodi ayenera mwaufulu kusiya mphamvu zawo. Soviet asilikali anali kupondereza kulimbikira poyesetsa. Kupewa kuphana, zikhalidwe atsopano. Boma latsopano msonkhano "chilungamo" chisankho ndi phungu asanakwatire Zakudya za anthu.

August 5, 1940 Latvia anagwirizana ndi Soviet Union. M'gulu la madera amene anagwirizana, ndipo linali dera kumene kunali Courland Pocket ina.

Pa anangotsala pang'ono nkhondo

Kenako kupondereza anthu amene anatsogolera ufulu wa boma. June 22, 1941, Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Oukira lopondereza anafika pa mayiko amenewa. Ndi pakati pa July, dziko lonse linatengedwa. Unakhalabe motsogozedwa latsopano dziko mdani mpaka chilimwe cha 1944.

Njira ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inayambika pambuyo Nkhondo ya Kursk. Kuyambira pamenepo, a Red Army kuyamba ifeyo.

M'chaka cha asilikali Union anafika mu maiko Baltic. Pali anayamba siteji zikuluzikulu za ufulu. Dera la kumadzulo kwa Latvia anakhalabe azikhala mpaka October. Red anayenda kwa Nyanja Baltic ndipo anasiya pafupi ndi tauni Chilituyaniya wa Palanga. German gulu "North", wopangidwa mwa 16 ndi 18 Army, anadulidwa ku mpumulo wa gulu "Center". Choncho, gawo loyamba anali pa pachilumbachi.

Zinthu zimenezi zakhala analenga Courland Pocket. Total 400 000 Germany anasowa kothawira.

Capital monga mpikisano wa

The Germany anakhudzidwa pakati ziŵiri Soviet. Mfundo anatambasula pa makilomita mazana awiri kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo Liepaja Tukums.

Ndi zokhumba chachikulu, utsogoleri Soviet watenga pa tichite. October 10, 1944 anayamba ntchito kuti amasule Riga. Iwo anali nawo: 1 Shock, TH 61 TH 67, 10 TH alonda Army. Koma Germany nkhondo. Pozindikira kuti n'zosatheka kugwira mzinda, anagwira mwadzidzidzi achoke ndipo anasamukira kwa nyanja. Patapita masiku atatu, asilikali Soviet wotanganidwa kum'mawa kwa mzinda. October 15, analowa gawo la kumadzulo.

Kamodzi otsutsa kwathunthu asakhalenso mu khamu "Center", ndipo likulu unagonjetsedwa asilikali analamula kuti kuthetsa mdani, amene analanda pachilumbachi. Kurland kukatentha anali kukhala chophweka ndi yofulumira mpikisano ndi zomvetsa kochepa.

Zoyesayesa woyamba pa liquidation

utsogoleri Soviet anayamba zolawula pa 16 October. Komabe, dziko la Germany anali kumenyana. Aukali nkhondo. asilikali Soviet anakhalabe mu malo awo ndi sanathe kutenga magawo atsopano. Iye anasonyeza kulimba mtima wapadera 1 Shock Army. asilikali ake anatha iyende kwambiri.

Iwo anakwanitsa kutenga m'tauni ya Kemer ndi kufika ku linga la Tukums. Ambiri, iwo inachitika pa 40 Km. Komanso, kayendedwe awo kuti asiye mdani.

Red Army chinaperekedwa nkhonya wina pa 27 October. utsogoleri sanafune kwathunthu kuwononga mdani. Ntchito yaikulu inali kugumula chitetezo ndi kuswa asilikali m'timagulu amene sangathe kuthandizana. Koma ine sanagwe, "Kurland kukatentha". Nkhondo yomwe inayamba pa TH 27, mpaka October 31, kenako amanyansidwa unatha.

Foundation kulephera - malangizo lamkati

Monga anapangidwa pa miyezi ingapo akuyesera kutaya Nazi koma bwinobwino potsimikizira-chiwembu. Komanso, mu dongosolo la zida. Pang'ono ntchito zida. Panali ovulala katundu mwa asilikali, ambiri akufa ndiwobvulazidwa.

Chakumapeto December Asovieti anayambiranso nkhondo. Odziwika unali mzinda wa Liepaja.

Chifukwa chachikulu akuchedwa amasulidwe pachilumbachi anali ena amasokoneza Red Army adzasonkhanitsa. kulankhulana ndi woopsa komanso kulephera kutsatira ndi utheke zinachititsa kuti anatseka misewu yaitali, omwe anapirira Courland Pocket. Maulendo a ku Germany, Mosiyana, amanena kuti Army "North" ntchito cohesively monga chamoyo umodzi. Atsogoleli apanga gululi wa njanji, umene unachita kwambiri chitukuko cha ntchito nkhondo.

Choncho, asilikali oyandikana mwamsanga poti thandizo chinafunika. Komano, kodi maora pang'ono asilikali ngati kuopseza pafupi. Komanso, madera German anali bwino mipanda yolimba kwambiri ndi ungamuphe yaitali kukana.

imfa zimabwezera kukana amphamvu

Mu kugwa kwa 1944 m'chigawo cha chilumba panali 32 zopatutsana ndi 1 brigade. Kuwonjezera pa Germany kumbali ya Nazi Germany nkhondo Norwegians, Latvians, Estonians ndi Dutch. Iwo anali gawo la SS malo asilikali. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti sanali bwino zida ndi chiyani sudzatha maphunziro, anatenga mbali mu nkhondoyo.

Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chiwerengero cha asilikali, malinga ndi kafukufuku akhakula, anatsika ndi 40 000. Mafanizo oterewa anaphedwa Courland cauldron mu gawo loyamba la ankafuna kuthetsa izo. Zakhala sangathenso akasinja oposa mazana asanu.

Kenako, wachitatu ntchito amanyansidwa anayamba pa 23 January. Cholinga chake chinali chiwonongeko cha aya, zomwe zinachitikadi pa njanji mayendedwe. Nkhondo zinkachitikira anavutika masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pamenepo atsogoleri Red Army anaganiza kulimbikitsa madera azigwira.

zoyesayesa Recent

Patatha mwezi umodzi, iye anayamba yoweyula chachinayi kuukira pa Courland Pocket (1945). February 20 vuto latsopano wakhala kuzindikiridwa. Kwenikweni ake - kupita ku mtsinje Vartava ndi kudula Germany ku doko la Liepaja.

Pa ntchito yaikulu ndi mzere kutsogolo linathyoka asilikali Soviet anatenga makilomita wina 2 m'gawo mdani. Red Army analibe lalikulu-likungosonyeza chida. Koma, mbali ina ya kutsogolo, Germany zonse anapita zakuthupi ndi anthu onse thandizo.

kumuukira anaimitsidwa pa 28 February.

Mu March, otsiriza pofuna zikuluzikulu kuti athamangitse Germany kunachitidwa. magulu ena a asilikali a Soviet bwino, koma kenako anakankhira mmbuyo.

Imfa ya asilikali zoweta analipo oposa 30,000 akufa ndi 130,000 anthu ovulala.

Chifukwa kuti anamenya Germany

Long sinathe Courland Pocket. Nkhondo yotsiriza ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse m'dera lino inatha kusanachitike zonse Kudzipereka Germany. May 9, 1945 theka la asilikali anagonja. gawo lina n'kopanda pake ndikuyesa kubisa.

Tikumbukenso, iwo stymied. Kuseri kwa misana wa Nazi anaima lopanda Soviet asilikali Baltic Sea.

The Germany anali tiwiri, osati pamalo abwino zofunika doko tsiku ndi tsiku - Liepaja ndi Ventspils. Ndi kupyolera mwa madzi Anazi akhoza chokhudzana ndi Germany. Asilikali kulandira thandizo anapitiriza. Nthawi zonse anapulumutsa chakudya, yolimbanirana ndi mankhwala. Ankachititsanso Apaulendo anavulala.

kudzipereka kwawo

Koposa anthu chidwi mu nthano za mbiri ya usilikali. Kurland kukatentha sanali wofunika kwambiri njira m'gawo kuti zinasintha kalekale. Iye anakhala ngati chitsanzo cha kufooka kwa lamulo Soviet kuti chabwino anatsekula mdani kanthu.

Education Kurland grouping (dzina ankavala Army "North" kuchokera January 1945), iyo inali chabe kulakwitsa. asilikali amenewa kusiya Latvia mu chaka cha 1944, koma chifukwa cha akuchedwa wa asilikali General Scherner anali asakhalenso mu "Center" ndipo anakankhira mmbuyo ku nyanja.

Kuthandiza kutenga nsoka wa Berlin analandira kangapo. Pansi makoma a Ulamuliro wa Nazi kutumiza ana awo, amene sitinamuone nkhondo, pamene pa Courland chilumba zikwi asilikali kumbuyo dazeni midzi yaing'ono.

Ngakhale kuti Hitler zinakwiyitsa akangomva agonje akutali, ngakhale magulu angapo a nyanja anabweretsedwa ku Germany. Koma izo zinali mochedwa. The kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mdani - chifukwa chachikulu ntchito amanyansidwa wa USSR. Adani anali ndithu, wochenjera njira, choncho amene amadziwa kodi inatha zochitika pamwamba, ngati si capitulation wa Berlin.