Nthawi neonatal: mbali khalidwe

Wodutsapo miyezi 9 kudikirira chozizwitsa, nthawi imene mayi woyembekezera osati mwachidwi chimwemwe za msonkhano wotsatira kuti ndi mwana wake, komanso wodzala ndi nkhawa ndi mantha pobereka.

Pamene kuwala kukhala mwana zingaoneke kuti chirichonse chiri kale kumbuyo kwathu, koma mfundo yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wanu akuyamba ndithu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa nthawi wakhanda.

Nthawi neonatal nthawi

Neonatal nthawi kumatenga mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo (masiku 28 inaimitsidwa). Ndipo chimayamba ndi mpweya choyamba chimene mwana. Komanso, mwambo kusiyanitsa oyambirira ndi mochedwa neonatal nthawi. Oyambirira neonatal nthawi kumatenga woyamba 7 masiku a moyo, ndipo kenako motero, - zotsatirazi masabata atatu.

Chofunikira ndi waukulu makhalidwe a nthawi neonatal

The neonatal nyengo - ndi nthawi imene mwanayo ndi wosiyana ndi mayi thupi, koma thupi ubale kwambiri amphamvu.

Khalidwe nyengo mwana wakhanda lili ndi zinthu zingapo:

- chosakwanira kukhwima kachitidwe ndi ziwalo mwana wakhanda;

- kwambiri chosakhwima wa chapakati mantha dongosolo;

- kusintha mu zinchito, amuzolengedwa ndi morphological makhalidwe;

- madzi kuwombola zinchito sayenda;

- thupi mwana wakhanda kwambiri atengeke zinthu zina (ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungayambitse chisokonezo kwambiri ndi ndondomeko zokhudza thupi mu otaya nthenda).

nthawi neonatal amakhala ndi chakuti mwanayo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amagona. Atakhala chikondi, zofuna chisamaliro chakudya, kumwa ndi kugona akulu kuthandiza apulumuke mwana.

Nthawiyi ndi anatengera kwa zinthu zatsopano sankadziwa wa moyo:

- pang'onopang'ono mwana amayamba kugona zochepa, koma maso;

- kukhala zithunzi ndi Makutu dongosolo;

- osauka bongo woyamba wabwino (mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana anagona pa chilolo cha mayi wake, iye amadziwa zimene zimafunika kuti pakamwa ake ndi mutu wake).

Kufotokozera mwana mu nthawi neonatal

Kufotokozera mwana wakhanda ali zingapo zochititsa izi:

1) khanda angaone kusiyana anapangira thupi poyerekeza ndi munthu wamkulu. mutu wa mwanayo ndi yokulirapo poyerekezera ndi thupi (makanda zonse yaitali misa ya mutu ndi pafupifupi 25% ya okwana thupi, asanakwane - mpaka 30-35%, koma akuluakulu - 12%). Mbali imeneyi ndi chifukwa chakuti ubongo chitukuko mu nthawi neonatal ndi patsogolo ziwalo zina ndi kachitidwe.

2) Mutu circumference makanda akuti ndi pafupifupi 32-35 cm.

3) The mawonekedwe mutu angakhale osiyana, ndipo izo zimatengera pa ndondomeko generic. Pobadwa mwa mutu Kaisara gawo mwana n'lozungulira. Kudutsa mwana ngalande zachilengedwe kubadwa amapereka sayenda mafupa Chigaza, kotero mutu wa mwanayo akhoza flattened, mawonekedwe elongated kapena asymmetrical.

4) The pamwamba pa chigaza pa mwanayo ndi zofewa wabwino (1 mpaka 3 cm) - malo a mutu, pamene palibe mafupa cranial.

Nkhope ndi tsitsi la akhanda ndi

1) Maso a ana akhanda ku tsiku loyamba la moyo nthawi kutsekedwa, choncho n'zovuta amaona.

2) mphuno ndi khanda kakang'ono, ndi ndime m'mphuno - lopapatiza, Kakhungu mucous mu mphuno - wosakhwima, choncho amafuna kusamalidwa.

3) The zopangitsa lacrimal sanafikebe anayamba choncho nthawi neonatal mwana akulira, koma misonzi sanakhazikike kunja.

4) Ambiri mwa ana amabadwa ndi tsitsi mdima mobwerezabwereza kuti anangotengeka, ndipo pali okhazikika thupi tsitsi. Pali ana amene amabadwa dazi kwathunthu.

5) Chikopa mwana wolobodoka nkhongono ndi tcheru. The tentha mthupi wosanjikiza - woonda. Khungu mu mphindi woyamba atabadwa - wotumbululuka ndi kum'chitira bluish pamene kenako khungu amakhala pinki ndi ngakhale utoto.

Kodi mwana wakhanda mukuona?

Pali maganizo atabadwa maso a mwana komanso makutu mokwanira anayamba, kotero mwana sangachite chilichonse kuti aone ndi kumva. Only patapita kanthawi, mwana wayamba kuzindikira silhouettes ndi kumva mawu ndi phokoso. Ngati kapena ayi, muyenera kumvetsa. Tikupeza pamene mwanayo amayamba kuwona.

Pamene iwo amaona makanda?

Iwo chatsimikiziridwirapo mwasayansi kuti mwana wakhanda ali othekera kuona, chifukwa ntchito ya thupi titadziwa ndi aumbike mwa chiberekero. Funso lina ndi mmene limba zithunzi bwino anakamba. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, mwanayo amayamba kuwona zinthu zonse ndi anthu ena amaoneka kuti yosokoneza. Izi mosavuta, chifukwa chakuti kotero masomphenya pang'onopang'ono kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe chatsopano cha moyo ndi nyumba.

Mofananamo, tikhoza kunena kuti mwana atabadwa bwino kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima. Iye squints zoipa ngati imatsogoleredwa kuwala gwero, ndi kutsegula maso ake mu mdima ndi mdima. N'kosavutanso kufotokoza, chifukwa ngakhale munthu wamkulu zovuta kuti azolowere kuwala pambuyo pa kukhala mu mdima. The mwana m'mimba, ndi mu mdima, ndi kubadwa, monga ulamuliro, mu chipinda yobereka, kumene yowala magetsi, ndipo nyali.

Ngakhale pali milandu pamene mphindi zingapo zoyambirira pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana angathe kuchitidwa ndi maso ukadalipo, ndipo zikuoneka kuti iye anali kuyang'anira zonse zikuchitika ndipo osati kutenga maso ake ndi mayi ake.

Pafupifupi 2 masabata pambuyo pa kubadwa, mwana akhoza kuletsa pa chinthu masekondi 3-4 yokha.

limati thupi neonatal nthawi

Makamaka neonatal nyengo - otchedwa boma thupi zomwe ense amayi achichepere ayenera kudziwa kuti kupewa pathologies ndi matenda.

1) Skin Erythema (manja ndi mapazi zikuwoneka utoto ndi kum'chitira bluish chifukwa vasodilatation, chifukwa kuchepa kutentha kwa madigiri 37 m'mimba kwa 20-24 ndi kusintha amadzimadzi chilengedwe mpweya). Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko zokhudza thupi kutentha thupi, chilakolako ndi chikhalidwe ambiri mwana kukhala sichinasinthe. Patapita masiku 3-4, khungu amayamba peel mu malo redness. Zimenezi sikutanthauza chithandizo ndi chisamaliro chapadera.

2) Chisoni ziwiya mu nthawi neonatal. Nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko izi zokhudza thupi kumaonekera makanda msanga. Iwo akhoza anati:

- m'goli redness a khungu, pamene mbali ina ya thupi zimatengera pa pabuka hue, ndi ena - M'malo mwake, wotumbululuka, ndipo ngakhale ndi kulocha bluish chifukwa kugona kapena kunama mbali imodzi;

- nsangalabwi, bluish khungu mawonetseredwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chosakhwima a dongosolo mtima.

njira zambiri zimenezi zimatha kutenga malo masiku angapo pambuyo pa kubadwa, koma amafuna achipatala.

3) Neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo owonetseredwa chifukwa cha chosakhwima a chiwindi ndi kulephera n'chongoletsa ndi mwai kuchuluka kwa bilirubin mu magazi. Physiologic matenda a chikasu ndiyo zambiri zimathera wakhanda m'masiku oyambirira a moyo wawo ndi kuthamangira sabata pambuyo pa kubadwa. Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane amafuna kwambiri, chifukwa ndondomeko imeneyi ndi mochedwa ndipo amatenga pafupi 1.5 miyezi. Ngati chikasu ndi, muyenera akaonekere kwa katswiri wa.

4) kutsekeka kwa zopangitsa za sebaceous. Kawirikawiri ana akhanda pa mphuno pamphumi kapena masaya angazindikire yaing'ono ziphuphu woyera, iwo sangakhoze kukhudzidwa. Patapita milungu ingapo, zonse zidzapita palokha.

5) ziphuphu zakumaso. Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo wa mwana angaoneke ziphuphu ang'ono ndi mthunzi woyera pa nkhope. Izi ndondomeko sikutanthauza chithandizo ndipo amapita kutali pambuyo kugwirizanitsa ndi mahomoni mu thupi la mwanayo - mu 2-3 miyezi. Ukhondo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza zonyalazo "Bepanten" 1 nthawi m'masiku 3 - chinthu chokha chimene amaloledwa kuchita pa nkhaniyi.

matenda a ana akhanda

Matenda a nthawi neonatal akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo:

1) kobadwa nako matenda - matenda kuti kukhala mu mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe. matenda monga:

- kobadwa nako chiwindi lembani akhanda kumaonekera kukachitika kuti iwo anali kudwala mayi pa kapena pa mimba;

- toxoplasmosis, amene imafalikira ndi amphaka;

- cytomegalovirus matenda;

- listeriosis (akhanda ndi matenda ndi matenda woyembekezera, pobereka kapena dipatimenti ana a);

- malungo kobadwa nako;

- chifuwa chachikulu;

- chindoko.

2) kobadwa nako malformations ziwalo ndi machitidwe:

- matenda a mtima, mapapo ndi kapepala m'mimba;

- kobadwa nako dislocation a m'chiuno;

- kobadwa nako clubfoot;

- kobadwa nako torticollis.

3) amavulala ntchito:

- choipa chigoba;

- zoopsa hypoxic kubadwa.

matenda opatsirana monga chikuku ndi chikuku, ana mu nthawi neonatal mulibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komanso mayi ali woyembekezera ndipo pambuyo pobereka, pamodzi ndi mkaka wa m'mawere amawapatsa chitetezo.

wakhanda mavuto

The vuto la nthawi neonatal - izi ndi ndondomeko za kubadwa kwa mwana, ndime ake kudzera kubadwa ngalande mayi.

Malinga zamaganizo, ndondomeko mwana abadwe zovuta ndi kudzudzula siteji.

Kupeza angapo chachikulu zifukwa mavuto mu obadwa kumene:

- thupi. Chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa mwana thupi atasiyana ndi mayi ake, zomwe ndi nkhawa yaikulu chifukwa cha iye.

- The mwana limalowera mu sankadziwa kuti zikhalidwe za moyo, komwe chirichonse chosiyana ndi chimene icho chinali mu chiberekero (malo, mpweya, kutentha, kuwala, kusintha dongosolo magetsi).

- Psychological zimayambitsa. Atabadwa ndipo kulekana thupi la mwanayo kwa mwini mayi nkhawa mwana ndi osowa pogwira.

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana umapulumuka zikomo kwa titadziwa bongo unconditioned (kupuma, wakuyamwa, tentative, chitetezo ndi kumvetsa).

Table kunenepa kwa akhanda

Age, mwezi	Kulemera, ga	msinkhu	Mutu circumference, masentimita
atabadwa	3100-3400	50-51	33-37
1	3700-4100	54-55	35-39
2	4500-4900	57-59	37-41
3	5200-5600	60-62	39-43
4	5900-6300	62-65	40-44
5	6500-6800	64-68	41-45
6	7100-7400	66-70	42-46
7	7600-8100	68-72	43-46
8	8100-8500	69-74	43-47
9	8600-9000	70-75	44-47
10	9100-9500	71-76	44-48
11	9500-10000	72-78	44-48
12	10000-10800	74-80	45-49

Table akhanda (kulemera ndi kutalika) limapangidwa pafupifupi mwezi pafupifupi kutalika ndi kunenepa kwa makanda.