Pablo Neruda: A mwachidule mbiri, ndakatulo ndi zilandiridwenso. GBOU lyceum № 1568 dzina lake Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg wotchedwa ndakatulo ya munthu osangalala kwambiri padzikoli. Mawu mokweza Komabe, mungathe kugwirizana. Pambuyo Neruda pa moyo wake anali ankamuona ngati cholowa cha America Latin. Mu USSR, zinali amakonda. Top Omasulira ntchito malemba ake. Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za izo? Ndiye kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Moyo wa Pablo Neruda wolemera zochitika kunja. Anabadwa Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - ili ndi dzina lenileni a ndakatulo iyi - mu mzinda wa Parral, m'chigawo chapakati cha Chile. mwambo umenewu zinachitika July 12, 1904.

Magwero a ndakatulo iyi

Bambo ake anali njanji wochititsa - anali limodzi ndi sitima zinkabweretsa miyala. mayi ake anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu mwezi kuchokera mwana. Atate anakwatiwanso ndi banja anasamukira ku mzinda wa Temuco, lomwe ndi pang'ono kum'mwera. Pali mnyamata anakulira. Pablo Neruda anapitiriza kukumbukira oyamikira kwa ondipeza lapansi. Iye analemba kuti anali okoma mtima ndi mkazi waulemu amene unachitikira wamba nthabwala. Iye anali zonse kukangana mbamphedza aliyense.

Maphunziro pa Lycée

Mu zaka 6, mwana anatengedwera ku sekondale. Pang'onopang'ono, Pablo Neruda anali ndi chidwi kuwerenga, ndinayamba kulemba yekha. Choyamba ndakatulo asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala, ali ophunzira Lyceum. Zinali ndiye kuti dzina anabadwa - pofuna kubisa maphunziro ndakatulo kwa atate wake, amene anaona iwo chifukwa cha matenda neuspevaniya mwana wa masamu. Dzinali anasankhidwa pansi pa paphiri la mphindi - Pablo ankakonda imodzi mwa nkhani za upamwamba Czech Mu zaka zapitazo Yana Nerudy, ndi mnyamata sanamvetse nkhawa ndi kukhala Neruda. Kenako dzina ili unapatsidwa kwa iye ndi kuchita nduna - linaphatikizidwa pasipoti lapansi.

Prize Choyamba, m'chigawo choyamba

Kumapeto nkhope za mnyamata anasamukira ku Santiago ndi kulowa Institute Pedagogical, amene anali pa University Moscow. Apa iye anaphunzira English ndi French. Ndiye Pablo Neruda anapata mphoto yoyamba chifukwa cha ndakatulo wotchedwa "Tchutchi Song" mpikisano wophunzira. A Neruda 19 wazaka anali mlembi ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Collection likamalowa," mitengo ya zinthu zomwe iye lolipiridwa ndi kugulitsa katundu womvetsa chisoni. Ngakhale ndiye timakusonyeza ndakatulo wake mafunde makhalidwe - Neruda anakumbukira amene analemba 2, 3, 4 ndipo ngakhale ndakatulo 5 pa tsiku. Kwenikweni anali ku ubusa ndakatulo, wophunzira ndi imitative. Koma osalimba ndakatulo mawu saletsa kubala maganizo, omwe anakhala credo wake luso. Pablo Neruda analemba kuti ankafuna kukhala wolemba ndakatulo, amene alalikira mu ntchito yake ngati kuli kotheka. Iye ankafuna kuti kuphatikiza zochitika, chilakolako, chikhalidwe ndi munthu, kuti zonse izi wasonyeza m'banjalo.

Mu zaka zomwezo, Neruda linali lofika ntchito ndale, kusindikiza nkhani nyuzipepala pa nkhani ya chikhalidwe, nawo ntchito zilumikizano za malonda ndi mabungwe wophunzira.

Kazembe, kuyenda

Kupita kwathunthu mu anayambitsa, Neruda ali palibe mofulumira kuyamba ntchito moyo. Kwa nthawi yaitali kuyesa kupeza positi aliyense zamtendere, ndipo potsiriza mu 1927 anakhala kazembe ku Rangoon, likulu la Burma. Izi "ntchito" (amakumbukira kuti iye anali miyezi itatu kugwira ntchito nduna) angatchedwe ndi sinecure, kaya bwino analipira, koma bwenzi zonse woyimba wamng'ono - umphawi - sanali kupatsira komanso. Neruda ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Ceylon (lomwe pano - Sri Lanka), iye anapita China, Japan, Argentina, etc. East Polemeretsedwa maganizo a dziko, kupereka ntchito ya padziko lonse Neruda, mmodzi anganene - .. dziko, ndilo khalidwe la ndakatulo okhwima.

"Mumakhalako - Dziko Lapansi"

Konzekerani ndi zidindo za apindulira pa bukhu lotchedwa, kusonyeza maganizo awa: "Mumakhalako - Earth". Iye anatuluka mu 1935, pamene Neruda kale udachita malo Chile Kazembe ku Madrid. Kenako, wolemba ndakatulo anakumbukira chopereka, amene anamubweretsa iye kutchuka kuti buku lake kuwawidwa mtima brushwork ndi choonadi cha moyo. Nkhani Friendly anayankha Gabriela Mistral, iye anaona "kwambiri expressiveness Neruda" maonekedwe a chinenero cha dziko. Ntchito mu njira imeneyi buku mosayembekezeka mtima, umasinthasintha associativity Neruda anali m'tsogolo.

mwakonda Political komanso tanthauzo

Chiyambireni cha Spanish Civil nkhondo Neruda ndawala nkhondo ndale pa mbali Republican, analemba ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Spain mu mtima." Boma la Chile ali ankaona khalidwe zosagwirizana ndi positi zamtendere, natisunthitsa iye malo kazembe ku Paris. Ndi nthawi chisokonezo ndi nthawi watsala, ndi kale ndakatulo wotchuka akugula mu Chile, makilomita 150 kuchokera likulu, wolemera Villa "Isla Negra" (Black Island).

Neruda m'gululi

sympathies wake zandale yosintha - mu 1945 analowa Party Communist la Chile, ndipo kuyambira 1959 ndi m'Komiti ake Central. Pakuti Latinos, malingaliro ngati amenewa wamba. Zimayambitsa wa backwardness zandale ndiponso zamalonda m'mayiko awo Aona dongosolo wosalungama chikhalidwe, motero, ndi yankho la mavuto mwamsanga kuyang'ana kokha kupyolera zisinthe. Kuti anthu azikhala Neruda ndi inunso zosavomerezeka. Pa pansi pa Nobel, ananena kuti anasankha njira yovuta, lomwe limapanga malire a anthu audindo, ndiponso kulambira munthu ngati pakatikati pa thambo, wakonda khamu zambiri za utumiki wodzichepetsa umene zikhoza kukhala zoona Komabe, relentlessly ukusunthira patsogolo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo akana anthu azikhala, anakopeka ndi mfundo ngwazi ya. Mu zaka kuchepekela Neruda anakumbukira kuti mbali yoipa ya nthawi za umunthu mpatuko si anakankhira adayaluka chifanizo cha Stalin, anasiyiratu munthuyo, "Titanic mtetezi" ya ulimi mu Russia. Kuchokera pa nthawi imene limodzi ili "Titanic chitetezo," Neruda anachoka kwa woti onse amene sasintha chofunikira. Choncho iye anakhala mpaka kumapeto.

Ntchito mu malo a Kazembe, kuthawira Argentina

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu mbiri ya Neruda kugwirizana ndi nthawi pambuyo nkhondo. Mu msonkhano chisankho mu 1947 iye anathandiza candidacy wa Gonzalez Videla, musati skimp pa lonjezo. Iye anakhala pulezidenti wa Chile, ndi Neruda anasankhidwa aphungu. Komabe, miyambo koipa Latin American, Videla anayamba kulamulira, anayamba kuzunza kwakukulu mbali kale, kuphatikizaponso, chikominisi. Poyankha, Neruda anapangidwa mu Senate ndi mawu lakuthwa imene, ngati si kupewedwa theatricality, anati "J'accuse!" Monga kamodzi Zola. Patatha mwezi umodzi, panali kusankha amangidwe. Ndinafunika kukabisala, kenako atavala ng'ombe drover, kuthamanga kudutsa m'mapiri ku Argentina. Moyo mu ukapolo anadzazidwa ndi maulendo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, nawo World Congress wa Mtendere, ndi zina zotero.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1969, Neruda asankha chisankho cha Pulezident cha ku Chile, koma Amachichitira mokomera Salvador Allende. Ndi chigonjetso Neruda lomaliza limakhala kazembe wa Chile mu France, izo amaphunzira mphoto ya Nobel Prize kwa iye. Koma magulu matenda aakulu wolemba ndakatulo kubwerera kwawo. Iye anamwalira ku matauni masiku 12 pambuyo wamagazi kulanda boma boma (23 September 1973).

exhumation

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zaka pafupifupi 40 pambuyo pa imfa yake, kotero Thupi zagonjetsedwa kwa exhumation lapansi. Cholinga chake chinali kupeza zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ndakatulo iyi. chakuti Nobel afa momvetsa mwachinsinsi kwambiri. Iye anafa masiku 12 pambuyo junta asilikali anagwira mphamvu Chile. Kalata imfa ananena kuti chifukwa cha iyo inasonyeza khansa prostate. Koma abwenzi umboni kuti maola ochepa kuti aphedwe, Neruda analankhula kusuntha paokha, anali akukondwa. imfa yake pambuyo jekeseni, anapanga ndi ku chipatala. Imachitika mu 2011, kuwunika anatsimikizira mapeto wasenza madokotala.

Analysis zilandiridwenso Neruda

Mu zaka lonse itatha, Neruda akali kwambiri kulemba. Palimodzi, iwo analenga 40 osiyana, kanthu mobwerezabwereza mabuku. ndakatulo yake m'zinenero zambiri (Italy Salvatore Quasimodo anawamasulira), iwo anapambana lonse kutchuka, koma nthawi zonse limodzi ndi mbiri ya ndakatulo, mwina apamwamba koma nawonso "kwambiri", wachisokonezo, mosalongosoka. Neruda zikuoneka mwanjira n'zovuta, iwo pafupifupi wosazindikira, nayenso amakonda apamwamba ndi verbosity Mwachidule, wolemba ndakatulo, amene ndi nyota wake wakuti si akwaniritsa zofunikira za kukoma wamba mabuku. Choncho zinkaoneka ofufuza ambiri a Pablo Neruda.

Mayankho za iye Komabe, si choncho mosapita m'mbali. Otsutsa kuchenjeza kuti kutanthauzira pamwamba ntchito ya Neruda china chifukwa kumasulira: kukhazikitsanso ntchito zake mu zinthu chinenero, chogwidwa ndi njira zina ndakatulo - vuto cha kapangidwe yapadera. Komabe, mu dziko Spanish olankhula ndakatulo kawirikawiri osokonezeka maganizo a mkwiyo ndi kusirira. Juan Ramon Jimenez nkhondo isanayambe otchedwa Neruda osati monga "ndakatulo kwambiri zoipa". Kenako ndingokhala chiweruzo, nanena kuti Spanish-American ndakatulo ponseponse kumaonekera nkhope yake, pamene iye anatenga vuto la chikhalidwe, ndi metamorphosis imfa ndi moyo wa chibadidwe mu zenizeni kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Contemporary Latin America lotchedwa "kontinenti pamene pali mibadwo yonse." Zidzachitika ndi zotsutsana, mopupuluma ndipo mosadziletsa ndakatulo Pablo Nerudy, kumene monga momwe taonera mabuku, anachita kwa inclusiveness ndi epic amadwala ankafika, akumira mu kuya kwa maganizo m'nthano ndi zonse za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa lero.

Mabaibulo a Pablo Neruda mu Russian

Dziwani kuti Mabaibulo onse a ndakatulo ya ndakatulo ya chinenero cha Chirasha ndi zolakwika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pa iwo ntchito omasulira bwino. chakuti Neruda ntchito kalembedwe zovuta kulemba - palibe nyimbo, wavy mizere yaitali, zovuta kudzapereka. Akatswiri zambiri kutsegula mavesi, anawalandira mu nyimbo chikhalidwe. M'munda umenewu makamaka kusiyana Margarita Aguilar ndi Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo yekha wotanthauzira bwino ntchito yake ankaona Pavla Glushko. Koma iye akanakhoza kukhala zolakwika. Pambuyo Neruda analibe Chirasha.

Russia akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka chidwi mu ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti mu ulemu lake lotchedwa maphunziro komanso chikhalidwe mabungwe. CHITSANZO m'madera ena amatenga Moscow.

1568 Lyceum dzina lake Pablo Neruda

Mu likulu, 17 January 2006 Lyceum linatsegulidwa, dzina lake polemekeza a ndakatulo iyi. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - boma maphunziro bungwe, yomwe ikuchitika mozama maphunziro mu Khalidwe la ophunzira a sayansi luso ndi masoka. Bungweli ali mu kusanja likulu la sukulu malo panopa 16. Lyceum dzina lake Pablo Neruda mu 1568 analandira bwino ziweto zawo Grant Meya wa Moscow (mu 2011-12 ndi 2012-13.). Posachedwapa, mu 2013, sukulu anali reorganized - kuchita pophatikizana ake ndi masukulu nambala 233, nambala 307, chiwerengero 1237, komanso chiwerengero cha kindergartens mu 1606, chiwerengero 1880, chiwerengero 1255, chiwerengero 2145, chiwerengero cha 1928.

Today GBOU 1568 Lyceum dzina lake Pablo Neruda umalimbana amene akufuna kwambiri kuchita sayansi zachilengedwe (zimapangidwira, sayansi), masamu ndi zomangamanga akulangani (sayansi, kuwerenga). Ndi zinthu izi mbiri. Iwo akhoza kuphunzira mwakuya, kulembetsa mu sekondale Pablo Neruda. Pa maphunziro pachimake kuphunzira aluso, kalasi ali m'magulu awiri kapena atatu. Aliyense wa iwo Amakhala ndi anthu 10-15. Ophunzira nawo sekondale mu 1568 kuti iwo. Pablo Neruda, kukhala pa madesiki awo pa zinthu zimenezi imodziimodzi ndipo motero bwino kuyamwa prepodnosimye zakuthupi. Komanso, kulongosola nkhani zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira mozama za khalidwe bungwe electives ndipo zokambiranazo ufulu. Amene akufuna kulowa dzina Pablo Nerudy sekondale, muyenera kupereka mayeso pakhomo ndipo pochitika kuyankhulana. Panopa, maphunziro imachitika kwa 5 sitandade 11. Kutsegula ntchito kukonzekera anthu amene akufuna kuti alembetse sekondale kapena chidziwitso kokwanira kwambiri ndi lalikulu. Pablo Neruda School mowolowa manja akukuonetsani ana okhudzidwa.

Komabe, osati sekondale ku likulu dzina la wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri. Palinso laibulale Pablo Nerudy (nambala 62). Ndi ili ku up. Iaroslavskaia, 13, nyumba 1 (Metro ENEA). laibulale wina dzina lake - № 187, ili Chiyembekezo Mira, 180. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti m'dziko lathu pali chidwi chachikulu umunthu wake ndi zilandiridwenso.