PCI-E x16 kagawo: mbali ndi ndemanga. PCI-E x16 zithunzi khadi

Pafupifupi motherboards amakono onse panopa okonzeka ndi kuwonjezeka kagawo PCI-E x16. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa: iyo imakhala ndi apawokha zithunzi accelerator popanda amene chilengedwe cha kompyuta zipatso munthu zosatheka. Ndi za maonekedwe ake prehistory, specifications luso ndi modes zotheka ntchito zidzalimbikitsa izo.

Background maonekedwe kuwonjezeka mipata

Mu 2000s oyambirira, ndi AGP kuwonjezeka kagawo, imene pa nthawi imene ankagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa apawokha zithunzi makadi, pali vuto pamene pazipita mlingo ntchito kukufika ndi mphamvu sikokwanira. Chifukwa, ndi Consortium wa PCI-SIG analengedwa, amene anayamba kukhala mapulogalamu ndi hardware zigawo za mipata tsogolo makadi zithunzi. Chipatso cha ntchito yake ndipo anakhala mu 2002, mfundo yoyamba PCI Express 1.0 16x.

Makampani ena kuonetsetsa ngakhale kwa awiri alipo pa mfundo nthawi apawokha zithunzi adaputala unsembe madoko apanga chipangizo wapadera kuti amalola kuti anapereka chakale zithunzi njira mu latsopano kagawo kukula. M'chilankhulo cha akatswiri chitukuko ankafunika dzina lakelake - adaputala PCI-E x16 / AGP. cholinga chake chachikulu - ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa kukulitsa ndi PC pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo ndi kasinthidwe wakale dongosolo unit. Koma mwambo umenewu sanalandire kuvomereza lonse chifukwa chakuti kanema khadi kulowa mlingo kwa mawonekedwe latsopano anali ndi ndalama pafupifupi wofanana ndi mtengo wa adaputala lapansi.

Likufanana ndi ichi, zinalengedwa ndi zoposa kusinthidwa yosavuta patsogolo mipata kuti anthu opha kunja, zomwe m'malo alipidwa kwa nthawi PCI madoko. Ngakhale kufanana mwina zipangizozi osiyana kwambiri. Ngati AGP ndi PCI akhoza kudzitama za kusamukira yomweyi zambiri, apa anali PCI Express siriyo mawonekedwe. liwiro lake apamwamba amapereka kwambiri kuchuluka liwiro la kufalitsa posonkhanitsa deta mode zonse duplex (Pankhaniyi mfundo akhoza kuchoka mbali ziwiri).

Liwiro HIV ndi njira kubisa

The zoti PCI-E x16 mawonekedwe chiwerengero chikusonyeza chiwerengero cha zingwe zikugwira ntchito kwa HIV deta. Pankhaniyi pali 16. Aliyense wa iwo, nawonso, imakhala awiriawiri 2 mawaya popereka mauthenga. Monga momwe taonera, liwiro apamwamba anapereka chifukwa chakuti awiriawiri awa ntchito mode zonse duplex. Ndiko kuti, kufala kwa mudziwe mukhoza kupita mu mbali ziwiri.

Kuti adziteteze ku imfa nkotheka kapena chibvundi deta opatsirana ntchito mu mawonekedwe ili ndi mfundo dongosolo chitetezo wotchedwa 8b / 10b. kalembedwe Izi kulitanthauzira motere: kwa kufala oyenera ndiponso olondola a Akamva 8 deta n'kofunika yothandiza awo boma 2 Akamva kuchita kutsimikiza. Pankhaniyi dongosolo ali kusamutsa 20 peresenti ya boma mudziwe kuti kompyuta wosuta wosachita ndi payload. Koma amalipiritsa ichi ntchito odalirika ndi khola la zithunzi subsystem a kompyuta munthu, ndipo popanda izo ndithudi sangachite.

Version PCI-E

PCI-E x16 kagawo zikuwoneka zofanana pa motherboards onse. Only pano deta kufala mlingo pa nkhani iliyonse akhoza zimasiyana ndi chuma. Motero, ntchito chipangizo ndi osiyana komanso. A kusinthidwa wa zimenezi GUI ndi:

• 1 kusinthidwa PCI - Express x16 v. 1.0 anali bandiwifi ongolankhula 8 GB / s.
• 2 Generation PCI - Express x16 v. 2.0 Ife kale kudzitama ndi anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri pa mtengo bandiwifi - 16 GB / s.
• A azimuth ofanana wapitiriza kale kuti Baibulo wachitatu wa mawonekedwe. Pankhaniyi, mlingo unali wolunjika pa 64 GB / s.

Zowoneka kusiyana ndi makonzedwe a ojambula ndi mipata izi sizingatheke. Pochita yogwirizana ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati Baibulo kagawo 3,0 kukhazikitsa amalipiritsa zithunzi khadi n'zogwirizana mu thupi wosanjikiza mfundo 2.0, dongosolo lonse la processing zithunzi basi kusinthana kwa zochepa mkulu-liwiro mode (ie, 2.0), ndipo ndi mtsogolo ntchito ndi mphamvu 64 GB / s.

M'badwo woyamba wa PCI Express

Monga tanena kale, woyamba PCI Express unayamba mu 2002. outing wake chinali Kubwera kwa makompyuta ndi makadi angapo zithunzi, amene amathanso kudzitama ngakhale imodzi yoikika accelerator liwilo. AGP 8X muyezo chimathandiza phindu bandiwifi wa 2.1 GB / s, ndi kafukufuku loyamba PCI Express - 8 GB / s.

Kumene, nkhani za kukula eightfold Sikuti. 20 peresenti ya kuwonjezeka ankagwiritsa ntchito popereka mfundo utumiki kuti amalola kupeza zolakwa.

Chachiwiri Masinthidwe PCI-E

M'malo m'badwo woyamba wa wosuta mawonekedwe mawonekedwe mu 2007 anabwera PCI-E 2. 0 x16. Video khadi 2 m'badwo, monga tanenera kale, mwathupi ndi mapulogalamu yogwirizana ndi kusinthidwa woyamba wa mawonekedwe izi. Only mu nkhani iyi kwambiri yafupika ntchito a dongosolo zithunzi kuti PCI Express 1.0 16x mlingo buku la mawonekedwe.

Theoretically kuchepetsa mudziwe kutengerapo Pankhaniyi anali wofanana 16 GB / s. Koma 20 peresenti ya phindu chifukwa anathera pa pamwamba. Motero, m'nkhani yoyamba kufala weniweni wofanana: 8 GB / s - (8 GB / s × 20%: 100%) = 6.4 Gbit / s. A kuphedwa lachiwiri la GUI ndi phindu zinali motere: 16 GB / s - (16 GB / s × 20%: 100%) = 12.8 GB / s. Kugawa 12,8 GB / s kwa 6.4 GB / s timapeza weniweni othandiza liwiro kuenjezera 2 khola pakati pa 1 ndi 2 kuphedwa PCI Express.

mbadwo wacitatu

Otsiriza ndi pomwe ambiri panopa mawonekedwe imeneyi inafalitsidwa mu 2010. Peak PCI-E x16 liwiro mu nkhani iyi ndi kuchuluka kwa 64 GB / s, ndi mphamvu pazipita wa zithunzi adaputala wopanda mphamvu zina mu nkhani iyi ikhoza kukhala wolingana 75 Watts.

Mungasankhe masanjidwe ndi accelerators angapo likutipatsa mbali ya PC. ubwino awo ndi kuipa

Mmodzi wa zaluso chofunika kwambiri mawonekedwe ichi ndi kuthekera kokhala zithunzi angapo adaputala azamagetsi mu tayala-E PCI x16. Video khadi pamodzi ndi mzake kupanga zayamba ndi zida umodzi. mphamvu zawo okwana anawonjezera, ndipo timatha kangapo kuonjezera liwiro PC ndi udindo wa processing anasonyeza fano. Njira zothetsera ku NVIDIA mode iyi akutchedwa SLI, koma GPUs ku AMD - CrossFire.

Tsogolo la muyezo umenewu

Kagawo PCI-E x16 m'tsogolo, ndithudi sizidzasintha. Izi adzalola zosavuta ntchito kanema kukhala mbali ya ma PC lotha ndipo potero achite phased Mokweza a dongosolo kompyuta. Tsopano zinayenda specifications kuti Baibulo 4 wa njira deta HIV. Pakuti zithunzi adaputala azamagetsi Pankhaniyi adzakhululukidwa anapereka pazipita bandiwifi a 128 GB / s. Izi adzalola kusonyeza chithunzi pa zenera monga "4K" ndi zina zambiri.

zotsatira

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, ndi PCI-E x16 tsopano alibe zithunzi zina kagawo ndi mawonekedwe. Iye adzakhala zogwirizana kwa nthawi yaitali. Zosintha ake amakulolani kulenga onse kulowa-mlingo makompyuta ndi ma PC mkulu-yotsiriza ndi accelerators angapo. Ndi chifukwa kusinthasintha izi ndipo sayenera kusintha kwakukulu mu kagawo kakang'ono izi.