Pharmacopoeia - ndi chiyani ichi? Pharmacopoeia: kufotokoza, mbiri okhutira

ndi pharmacopoeia chiyani? Mukayamba kutali, ndiye kuti mwamuna aliyense kamodzi anauza madokotala kusamalira kumbukirani mankhwala ochuluka, kudziwa mlingo awo, mipweya ndi limagwirira ntchito mwakhama. Pochita zimenezi, iwo amathandizidwa ndi milozo ambiri ndi compendiums, munali zofunika. Koma olemba, kenako, wawalankhula pharmacopoeia a. Choncho ndi chiyani icho?

tanthauzo

Pharmacopeia - magulu zikalata zofunikira, pamene mfundo za khalidwe la zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi, zipangizo wothandiza, mankhwala yomalizidwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena mankhwala.

Kukhazikitsa "golide muyezo" kukopa akatswiri a umagwirira ndi mankhwala kusanthula amachitika awiri akhungu mayesero mosintha mayiko olamulidwa kupeza zonse zotheka za zipangizo ndi mankhwala zosaphika ndi mankhwala a izo. Kukhazikitsa mfundo zonse amaonetsetsa amasokoneza mankhwala.

State Pharmacopoeia - ndi pharmacopoeia kusainira ndi amene ali moyang'aniridwa ndi boma. The zofunika ndi malangizo ananyamuka m'menemo, kutsatiridwa mabungwe onse a dziko, chinkhoswe mu kupanga ndi kusunga, kugulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pakuti kuphwanya malamulo akhazikitsidwa mu bukuli, munthu malamulo kapena zachilengedwe akukumana udindo pa chigawenga.

Mbiri ya pharmacopoeia lonse

Maganizo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mndandanda wamba mankhwala ndi umboni wa Mlingo ndi yovomerezeka nomenclature anaonekera mu asayansi kuchipatala cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, mu 1874. The msonkhano woyamba pa nkhani unachitikira ku Brussels mu 1092. Pa izo, akatswiri mnzathu pa maina ambiri mankhwala, ndi mawonekedwe a mawu awo maphikidwe a. Patangotha zaka zinayi, mgwirizano uwu wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano m'mayiko makumi awiri. kupambana Izi ndiye poyambira chitukuko winanso wa pharmacopeia ndi kulifalitsa. Patatha zaka makumi awiri, msonkhano wachiwiri Brussels, amene panafika nthumwi za mayiko makumi a dziko lapansi.

Kuyambira nthawi yosamalira za mabuku Baibulo la pharmacopoeia chasunthira kwa League of Nations. Pa nthawi mfundo za mgwirizano galenic kukonzekera ndi mlingo 77 mankhwala m'gulu onena zachipatala lapansi. Pambuyo zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, mu 1937, izo unakhazikitsidwa ndi komiti ya akatswiri ochokera Belgium, Denmark, France, Switzerland, USA, Netherlands ndi UK amene familiarized ndi zinthu zonse za pharmacopoeia ndipo anaganiza kutalikitsa kwa chida lonse.

Wachiwiri World nkhondo linasokonekera ntchito ya lamulo, koma mu 1947, akatswiri anabwerera ku ntchito yake. Pakuti chaka makumi asanu ndi chinayi la Commission ankatchedwa Committee Katswiri pa zofunika kwa Kukonzekera mankhwala. Pa umodzi wa misonkhano WHO, anaganiza kuti akonze dongosolo la mayiko Mayina Nonproprietary kwa kugwirizana kwa osiyanasiyana mankhwala.

Baibulo loyambirira

Pharmacopoeia - ndi chikalata lonse, amene kale anali reprints anayi, ndipo pambuyo aliyense anatenga pa zinthu zatsopano.

Baibulo loyambirira anali ovomerezeka pa Assembly lachitatu World la WHO. Permanent Secretariat wa bungwe la International Pharmacopoeia wakhazikitsidwa. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 1951, ndipo patapita zaka zinayi linasindikizidwa buku lachiwiri ndi kuwonjezapo m'zinenero zitatu wamba European: English, French ndi Spanish. Patapita nthawi yochepa panali mabuku Japanese German ndipo. Woyamba pharmacopoeia - magulu zikalata normative pa zonse zodziwika pa kukonzekera nthawi. akuti:

• 344 nkhani pa zinthu mankhwala;
• 183 Nkhani Mlingo mitundu (mapiritsi, makapisozi, tinctures, njira mu ampoule);
• Njira 84 zasayansi matenda.

NKHANI anali mu Latin, chifukwa anali chimodzimodzi njira zonse zachipatala amatanthauza antchito. Kusonkhanitsa deta zofunika pa Tizilombo akatswiri Standardization ankagwira, komanso akatswiri moperewera matenda ambiri kuderako ndi woopsa.

Mabaibulo wotsatira wa bungwe la International Pharmacopoeia

The kusindikiza kwachiwiri anaonekera mu 1967. Inapatulidwa ulamuliro amasokoneza mankhwala. Komanso, akhala ankaona Baibulo loyambirira la nsikidzi ndipo anawonjezera 162 mankhwala.

Kope lachitatu la pharmacopoeia wakhala lolunjika pa m'mayiko osauka. Iwo anali kutsatira mndandanda wa zinthu, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zaumoyo ndi pa nthawi yomweyo ali ndi mtengo wotsika. kope munali mabuku asanu ndi linatulutsidwa mu 1975. kusintha posachedwapa chikalatacho anapangidwa 2008 chokha. Izi zokhudzana standardization mankhwala, njira kwa kupanga awo ndi kugawa.

Nkhani za pharmacopoeia a

Pharmacopeia - buku limene Chili osati osiyanasiyana mankhwala, komanso malangizo kwa kupanga awo, yosungirako ndi zolinga zina. Bukuli limafotokoza za mankhwala, thupi ndi kwachilengedwenso njira kwa kusanthula mankhwala. Komanso, muli mfundo pa reagents ndi zizindikiro, zinthu mankhwala ndi kukonzekera.

WHO Committee zidakwezekanso mndandanda wa chakupha (List A) ndi zovuta mankhwala (List B), komanso patebulo la pazipita mlingo umodzi ndi tsiku mankhwala.

European Pharmacopoeia

European Pharmacopoeia - chikalata normative, amene ntchito m'mayiko ambiri European mu ndondomeko kupanga mankhwala mankhwala pa ndime ndi mayiko Pharmacopoeia, zowonjezera ake ndipo ikusonyeza mankhwala makamaka m'chigawo. Bukuli chimakula mwa Directorate European kwa Quality Mankhwala, zomwe ndi mbali ya Council of Europe. Pharmacopeia ali osiyana ndi zinthu zina zofanana malamulo a zikalata kuti anapatsidwa nduna zake. The chinenero cha Pharmacopoeia European - French. Last, lachisanu ndi chimodzi, anali kukonzanso kutulutsidwa mu 2005.

pharmacopoeia national

Popeza mayiko Pharmacopoeia alibe mphamvu malamulo ndi zambiri za chikhalidwe recommendatory mayiko ena anapereka pharmacopoeia national kwa lamulo mkati mwa zokhudza mankhwala. Pa nthawi, mayiko ambiri ali ndi mabuku osiyanasiyana. Mu Russia la pharmacopoeia koyamba linatuluka mu 1778 ku Latin. Russian Baibulo monga anatuluka, kukhala buku loyamba mtundu uwu mu chiyankhulo cha Amalawi zaka makumi awiri.

Mu 1866, theka patapita zaka, anafika woyamba boma Russian Pharmacopoeia. kope 11 lomaliza pamene kuli Soviet Union, anaonekera mu nineties oyambirira a atumwi wotsiriza. Kukafola, amathandizana ndi kukonzanso kumasula chikalata pamaso Komiti anapatsidwa pharmacopoeia, koma tsopano zikugwira Ministry of Health, Roszdravnadzor ndi umoyo thumba inshuwalansi ndi nkhani ya sayansi dziko kutsogolera.

RF State Pharmacopeia 12 ndi 13 Mabaibulo

Mu wogwirizira, pamene boma pharmacopoeia phunziro kwa kusinthidwa, amasokoneza mankhwala motsatira pharmacopoeia nkhani ogwira (SAF) ndi nkhani ambiri pharmacopoeia (CFC). Pa magazini akhumi wa State Pharmacopoeia wa RF zinakhudza ndi mfundo zokhudza wa akatswiri Russian mu ntchito ya bungwe la European Pharmacopoeia. Akhumi Edition idzafotokoza zisanu, omwe kumaphatikizapo normalizing mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi malangizo kwa kupanga malonda kapena ntchito medicaments. Bukuli linasindikizidwa kupezeka mu 2009.

zaka sikisi, magazini akhumi wakhala ankadulidwa. Kumapeto kwa 2015 pa webusaiti yovomerezeka ya ku Russia Ministry of Health anaonekera State Pharmacopoeia - 13 kope. Zinali Baibulo pakompyuta monga likuchita zinachitikadi pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogulitsa. Choncho, anaganiza pa mlingo malamulo, iliyonse mankhwala ndi yogulitsa kampani ayenera kukhala boma Pharmacopoeia (kope 13). Izi zinathandiza buku samookupitsya.

Kodi Nkhani pharmacopoeial?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya nkhani pharmacopoeia: pa thunthu ndi yomalizidwa mlingo mawonekedwe. Nkhani iliyonse "pa chinthu" ali ndi dzina m'zinenero ziwiri: Russian ndi Latin, padziko lonse generic mankhwala dzina. Iwo akupereka wazotsatira ndi structural kachitidwe, kulemera maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa zofunika kuchita chinthu. Komanso, pali nkhani ya maonekedwe a muyezo kulamulira khalidwe mankhwala kuti solubility mu mthupi, ndi zina thupi ndi mankhwala. Zinthu ma CD, kupanga, yosungirako ndi kayendedwe. Komanso tsiku lothera ndi.

Article kwa yomalizidwa mawonekedwe mlingo kuwonjezera pa pamwamba pa zonse, ali ndi zotsatira za mayeso matenda komanso labotale malire chovomerezeka zolakwika ndi kulemera, voliyumu ndi kukula kwa thunthu mankhwala, komanso mwa nthawi ndi pazipita Mlingo tsiku ana ndi akulu.