Psychological Chiphunzitsochi wa Chilamulo. Psychological chiphunzitso malamulo a magwero

Kodi boma? Kwenikweni ake ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi bwino? ambiri osiyanasiyana mfundo Ndinabadwira mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ena ambiri. Large osiyanasiyana ziphunzitso chikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maganizo a asayansi pa nkhaniyi, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ya chodabwitsa lapansi. Mfundo yaikulu kufotokoza zikamera wa boma, pazikhalanso zamulungu, umutu, organic, chuma, contractual, ndi zina maganizo.

Pankhani mfundo lamulo, amanena za chiyambi chake ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi mfundo kukhala mtundu. Pali chiphunzitso zamulungu, chiphunzitso cha ufulu, lamulo la zolengedwa zamoyo chiphunzitso normativistkaya ndipo, ndithudi, maganizo. Scientist ndi nzeru zapamwamba Lev Iosifovich Petrazhitsky anayamba chiphunzitso lomaliza. Psychological chiphunzitso cha boma ndi malamulo ndi maganizo oti boma chinapangidwa pa gulu la anthu pa kuwonekera kwa mbali ziwiri payekha: a subordination ndi ulamuliro.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chiphunzitso

Anthu ali ndi kusowa maganizo kukhalapo pakati, iye amakhala mogwirizana losonkhanitsidwa. Otsatira view ili kukhala anthu ndi kunena chifukwa cha ankachita munthu, anthu, ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, iwo analengedwa. Society ndi mzinda ndizo zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe zimene anthu mu gulu makamaka.

Psychological Chiphunzitsochi wa Chilamulo. oimira

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri Russian wasayansi L. I. Petrazhitsky anayamba chiphunzitso cha boma chiyambi. Mu mawonekedwe tinkawasindikiza ndi anauza ntchito "Chiphunzitsochi a boma ndi malamulo mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe abwino." Iwo otsatira ziphunzitso za A. Ross, M. Reisner, G. Gurvich. Mlembi wa chiphunzitso maganizo a chilamulo anabadwa mu 1867 ku munthu wolemekezeka banja Polish. L. I. Petrazhitsky maphunziro University of Kiev, ndi kuphunzira pa Aroma Seminary ku Germany. Titamaliza maphunziro, anabwerera Russia, kumene anaphunzitsidwa chiphunzitso onse a chilamulo. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, asayansi lofalitsidwa awiri kusindikizidwa ntchito, zomwe apanga a zamaganizo ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu.

Psychological chiphunzitso cha lamulo chinatenga nthawi zingapo:

1. 1897 mpaka 1900. Author cha chiphunzitso, analemba choyamba ntchito ya sayansi. Ntchito akutsatiridwa ndi ntchito zingapo. The chakudya yaikulu ya chiphunzitso L. I. Petrazhitsky zikupezeka mu buku 1900 "Essays pa Philosophy wa Chilamulo."

2. Kuchokera mu 1900 mpaka 1905. Asayansi mwayamba kale kukhazikitsa njira zambiri pa chiphunzitso tsogolo lawo. Khama chimasonyeza ntchito "Mau oyamba kuphunzira zamalamulo ndi makhalidwe abwino. Maganizo kuwerenga maganizo. "

3. 1905 ndi 1909. L. I. Petrazhitsky ananyamula chipangizo dongosolo logwirizana la chidziwitso malamulo zochokera njira kale otukuka. ntchito yake wakhala lathuli mu ziwiri buku pamanja wa "Chiphunzitsochi a boma ndi malamulo mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe abwino." Kusindikiza buku lomaliza zinali kwenikweni mu mabuku dziko.

Zikuwoneka E. N. Trubetskogo ndi M. A. Reysnera

Wafilosofi ndi loya E. Trubetskoy ananena kuti umodzi - ichi ndi mbali yaikulu ya munthu. Anthu amasiyana awo makhalidwe maganizo ndi maonekedwe a mphamvu. Pa maziko a chikumbumtima ndi kumvetsetsa anthu ena, malinga osankhika, ndi kumbali ya mitundu ina ya maganizo ndi zochita zomwe zimalimbikitsa moyo wawo tanthauzo la bata ndi bata. Gawo lachiwiri la anthu osiyanasiyana akufuna kugonjetsa ena ndi chifuniro chake. Anthu oterewa atsogoleri anthu.

njira umoyo maganizo kwa funso za chiyambi cha mphamvu linatsegulidwa Reisner. Mu maganizo ake, chinthu chachikulu mu mapangidwe malingaliro a ufumu, zomwe bungwe cikhalidwe. Wafilosofi ankakhulupirira kuti ndiwo maganizo a anthu ndi psyche Unyinji wa anthu. Kuphunzira mapangidwe kudziwa dziko zochepa zinakuchitikirani maganizo, zomwe zinkachitika pa mfundo zandale, ndi kusanthula pa khalidwe la munthu. boma, malinga ndi asayansi, anaphatikizapo anthu, dera ndi mphamvu. Izo zili lonse mfundo zandale, ndicho chikoka cha mtundu, uchigawenga, mavuto azachuma komanso chipembedzo, kutsogozedwa ndi bwino-phiko mfundo. boma ndi mankhwala a kukwanilitsidwa kwa zikhulupiriro anthu, malamulo ndi mfundo yomwe ili kudalira awo losiyanasiyana la mphamvu.

The chakudya yaikulu ya chiphunzitso cha chilamulo

Psychological Chiphunzitsochi Chilamulo L. Petrazhitsky lili mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Kuphatikizapo asayansi ufulu zabwino, ndi mwachilengedwe. Kachitidwe koyamba nduna boma, pamene lachiwiri pa maziko a psyche a anthu, ndi Uwerenge zitsanzo za magulu ndi mayanjano.
2. malamulo abwino - walembedwa ndi boma, ndi wopanga malamulo malamulo alipo.
3. Ndi mayiko onse maganizo ndi waukulu maganizo anthu kuti kulimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu. Pamene ubale ndi anthu ena munthu zochokera bwino mwachilengedwe. Mtundu wa chiphunzitso, olemba ankaona kuti ndi zoona, monga amalimbikitsa zochita palokha ndipo amphamvu-adafuna.

Kugaŵikana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya zimayambitsa mavuto chikhalidwe. Pankhaniyi, ufulu ndi udindo waukulu ngati mmodzi wa zochitika za moyo zamaganizo a anthu, omwe ndi mokakamizidwa udzafunidwa zinachitikira anthu.

Psychological Chiphunzitsochi wa Chilamulo. kutsutsa

Chiphunzitso aliyense ali mbali ndi adani. chiphunzitso ichi chakhala kudzudzulidwa pa zifukwa zingapo. Choncho, akulankhula za udindo wa mawonetseredwe maganizo pa mapangidwe boma sanapatsidwe momveka zonse za malo malingaliro chitukuko cha mphamvu. onse khalidwe lomwelo ankatengedwa ndi anatchula maganizo kapena zikhumbo. Psychological Chiphunzitsochi Chilamulo sakhala ndi kudziwa kuti psyche munthu lagawidwa zitatu: maganizo amphamvu wofuna. Pamaziko a mabwenzi atsopano anakhazikitsa ndipo amanga piramidi chikhalidwe, ndilo maziko a mapangidwe boma. Anthu ndi chifuniro mphamvu amphamvu kukhala atsogoleri a mmadera.

Psychological chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha lamulo zikuphatikizapo kudzipereka kwa umodzi wa anthu. Koma kunena zoona, maganizo umboni. Popeza milandu chokwanira cha kunyalanyaza wathunthu wa anthu pafupi. Olemba kupereka chiphunzitso wofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe boma mavuto amaganizo, sikokwanira kupatsidwa zina.

ulemerero wa chiphunzitso

chiphunzitso maganizo lamulo umakhudza ndi munthu mapangidwe limagwirira khalidwe lovomerezeka. Pamene posamutsa angapo malamulo mu khalidwe khalidwe lenileni la zinachitikira munthu wa zikhumbo maganizo kukhala ulalo otsiriza, mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi khalidwe ina. M'Chilamulo chikhalidwe kokha kupyolera m'maganizo ndi maganizo dera. Motero, chiphunzitso maganizo chiyambi cha ufulu kuganizira khalidwe la anthu, ndi udindo wa chilungamo lamulo ubale chikhalidwe.

Ndi akatswiri methodological maziko

Mlembi wa chiphunzitso mu chikhalidwe kuwala kwa ufulu amatsatira chiphunzitso cha Zabwino Philosophy. Kutenga ndizosowa sukuluyi, L. I. Petrazhitsky kuwonjezera maganizo anu pachiyambi. thandizo Scientific ndi owolowa manja lingaliro la ufulu kwa ufulu boma Komabe, sanatsutse phindu la cholowa chikhalidwe. Iye anafuna kuti akonze chiphunzitso cha mphamvu akhoza kukhala maziko methodological wa anthu Russian chilungamo ndi malamulo akatswiri.

Mphamvu ya mtima

A ntchito yaikulu monga ngati chodabwitsa cha zokumana zolimbana anapereka L. I. Petrazhitsky m'chiphunzitso chake. Psychological chiphunzitso cha lamulo amasiyanitsa awiri mitundu maganizo: zokongoletsa ndi chikumbumtima. Woyamba nthawi zambiri monga kuyankha zochita anthu pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zikuchitika, kapena za katundu wa zinthu. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti Kusiyana maganizo osiyana ndi maganizo awa ochokera makhalidwe abwino ovomerezedwa ndi anthu a.

mtima Lamulo, monga mphamvu ya ntchito, ntchito, kuchepetsa khalidwe la munthu. Iwo yodziwika ndi katundu monga authoritarianism, chiwonetsero cha chikumbumtima, chopinga kusankha ndi kuthamanga kwa "olondola" khalidwe. L. I. Petrazhitsky chimasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri udindo - makhalidwe ndi malamulo. Woyamba ndi ufulu ndi ulemu kwa ena. Milandu - view a ntchito kuti amaonedwa Ufumuyo wina.

mfundo zikuyenela

Kuwonjezera ntchito kuti munthu amachita, nzeru zapamwamba komanso kuganizira mfundo abwino. Iye anapanga iwo ogaŵikana mitundu yambiri. The woyamba amatchedwa "makhalidwe abwino". Iwo ayenera unilaterally amanena palokha poyerekezera ndi ntchito zina, amafuna munthu wodziwika khalidwe. Zitsanzo za mfundo zimenezi ndizo malamulo a makhalidwe achikhristu amene amalongosola ntchito kwa mnzake popanda amanena kuti aphedwe nawo. Mtundu wachiwiri zikuphatikizapo kuvomerezedwa ziyembekezo kuzindikira malamulo kuti akhazikitse ntchito kwa anthu ena a anthu aziwapatsa kukhazikitsa ndi ena. Chinthu udindo wina, amayenera ena mwachibwanabwana, wawapatsa.

Pomaliza

Kapangidwe gulu la boma anaonekera pa siteji makamaka za chitukuko cha dziko. Zimayambitsa kulephera iyi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zamoyo zachuma, zachipembedzo, ndiponso maganizo, mayiko. Nthanthi kufotokoza mapangidwe boma, ambiri, gawo lililonse muli wina zotheka mbali kwa ndondomekoyi. Koma iwo sangakhoze amanena molondola wathunthu. Kumbukirani kuti makhalidwe maganizo ndi maganizo a anthu popangidwa ndi zochita za ndale, nkhondo, za chuma, chikhalidwe, wauzimu ndi chipembedzo zinthu.