SAU "huwakinto". Self-injini zida zankhondo unsembe 2S5 "huwakinto": specifications luso ndi zithunzi

anthu ambiri achidwi m'munda zida asilikali munamutcha Mthandizi olakwika m'njira zambiri kuti Cannon zida zankhondo mu zochitika panopa kukhala pafupifupi sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale. Ndipo Ndipotu: zingatanthauze, chifukwa icho chiri, pamene ulamuliro pa mizinga kunkhondo? Tengani nthawi, osiyanasiyana.

chakuti Cannon zida zankhondo ndi mtengo kwambiri popanga ndi ntchito. Komanso, nkhani za kugwiritsa ntchito projectiles ndi CHIKWANGWANI-laser-motsogozedwa ( "Kitolov-2"), ndi angathe (pa mtunda munthu wabwinobwino, kumene) kusonyeza chimodzimodzi chidwi kuposa m'zida, zotsatira nkhondo. Musaiwale kuti n'zotheka ntchito zokwana yaing'ono nyukiliya. M'nkhani ya nkhondo yaikulu, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.

N'chifukwa chake lero tikambirana ACS "huwakinto" - mmodzi wa kachitidwe yochititsa chidwi kwambiri kalasi.

prehistory

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, kudzikonda injini zida zankhondo mfuti kuti anadziyesa kukhala chida champhamvu ndi woopsa, pamaso amene akhoza zambiri kusankha zotsatira za nkhondo mu mtima wa munthu kapena gulu la nkhondo la. mtengo unali kwambiri poyerekeza wa m'galimoto, koma m'mikhalidwe zina, galimoto wotsika ndi si bwino oti muli nazo zida ingathe kuwononga mdani lolemera zida. Chifukwa dziko lathu, kunali kofunika kwambiri pa siteji koyamba za nkhondo, pamene zida zankhondo amasowa lalifupi, ndi kupanga ake ankafunika wosalira zambiri ndiponso kuchepetsa ndalama.

Pafupifupi onse magulu Moto oyenda wa USSR mu nthawi unawonongedwa zida ndi akasinja ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini pa maziko losanganikirana. Aliyense Moto mfuti Regiment anali Mkhalidwe zida zankhondo zida, chomwe chimayimira batire zonse SU 76. N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka chiwerengero cha zida zina zida zankhondo, amene analengedwa mu zaka za nkhondo.

Onse ACS, mu utumiki nthawi imeneyo, ankafuna yekha kuthandiza pomenyana oyenda nawo nkhondo. Komabe, mu maphokoso nkhondo chiphunzitso ankhondo ambiri kupereka ntchito mayunitsi kudziletsa injini kapena m'malo akasinja.

Mu zaka 50-60, udindo wa ACS mowirikiza. Nthawi zambiri panali funso la kutha wathunthu wa kupangidwa ndi m'malo a mtundu wa akasinja, zida. Choncho, zitsanzo zochepa kwambiri watsopano wa mfuti kudziletsa injini amenewa anayamba mu 60s m'ma. Pafupifupi onsewo anali zochokera akale galimotoyo thanki pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World watsopano oti muli nazo zida Corps akuphunzitsa.

Kutha kwa makampani

Cha m'ma 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, Nikita Khrushchev, ndi mokhudza kuonera chida cha, walamulira amasiya pafupifupi zida barreled ku Soviet Union. Chifukwa cha ichi, ife lagged kumbuyo adani ake angathe kuposa zaka khumi. History mobwerezabwereza analanga USSR chifukwa cha cholakwa ichi: mu 60s wa zinaonekeratu kuti mtengo wa Cannon zida zankhondo anakhalabe pa mlingo chomwecho. Makamaka bwino izo anatsimikizira nkhani inayake China, kenako Mlembi General wakhala ndikusinthidwa malingaliro ake pa nkhani imeneyi.

Ndiye Kuomintang taika batire lonse la losatha howitzers American ndipo anayamba mwachete kwa moto mu China kumtunda. Chinese ndi alangizi athu ankhondo anali mu kovuta kwambiri. Anali ndi mfuti M 46 likungosonyeza 130 mm, koma projectiles siinafike mabatire mdani ngakhale ndi tailwind a. Mmodzi mwa alangizi a Soviet akufuna njira pachiyambi: kukwaniritsa cholinga, kunali koyenera monga ayenera konzekera zipolopolo za!

mbali zonse anadabwa, koma phwando wopambana. Pankhaniyi anathandiza kunathandiza chitukuko mu 1968 wa ACS "huwakinto". analenga anapatsidwa akatswiri Permian.

Madera a Ntchito

Popeza ntchito chofunika kutsiriza mwamsanga, chitukuko wapita mbali ziwiri. Akatswiri akhala akugwira ntchito m'munda wa kudziletsa injini ndi mfuti towed (zizindikiro "C" ndi "B" motero). Waukulu zida zankhondo ulamuliro yomweyo anatumizidwa ku makina amenewa akuti 2A36 ndi 2A37. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa iwo sanali kokha ballistics wapadera, komanso zipolopolo wapadera, omwe anapangidwa mwachindunji ACS "huwakinto". 152 mm - kukula zofala, koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti mu Soviet Army analibe zina zipolopolo likungosonyeza kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayunitsi kudziletsa injini.

mwachidule

Mu Perm analengedwa mwachindunji zida zankhondo wagawo mu Yekaterinburg cholinga galimotoyo, ndi Institute IWO akatswiri bwino ankaganiza kuti alenge labwino amenewa dongosolo zipolopolo. Kale mu 1969, kuti amuone ndi Commission yachiwiriyo wa ACS latsopano anali akufuna: mu conning-nsanja ndi nsanja Mabaibulo. Ndipo anavomereza ndi masika. Mu 1970, boma anakhazikitsa m'ziwawa ntchito pa ACS "huwakinto". Kumayambiriro a 1971, "chiweruzo cha anthu," woyamba Cannon likungosonyeza 152 mamilimita anali agonjera koma chifukwa unavailability a zipolopolo ndi mfuti anagwidwa.

The gulu la "huwakinto C 'imakhala anthu asanu. Pa khwalala galimoto amatha kuyenda pa liwiro 60 Km / h, mphamvu malo ndi pafupifupi 500 makilomita. nyumba ya amapangidwa zida mbale (aloyi zotayidwa) ndi makulidwe 30 mamilimita ndi kuwotcherera. zida zimenezi si Komabe kuteteza chilichonse chokwanira cha ogwira ntchito, ngakhale ndi mfuti katundu makina, koma chifukwa nkhondo utumwi chiyenera kukhala bwino kuganizira malo makina pansi.

sangathe wina Fitting "huwakinto C" m'malo otsika mtengo wake - osati zipolopolo zoposa zisanu pa mphindi. Tikumbukenso kuti kotunga zipolopolo imagwiridwa pamanja, choncho pansi kwambiri nkhondowo mawerengedwe akhoza kungoyankha kukhala wotopa, zomwe zina amachepetsa dzuwa la potsegula. Ndipo komabe - anapatsidwa makhalidwe a nyengo Russian, n'zosadabwitsa ozizira ndi asilikali kutsegula mfuti, si anaphimba nsanja. Ngakhale nkhope ya Chechen "ozizira" nthawi, pakhala milandu kuwerengetsera frostbite "huwakinto".

kutukula akhoza kukhala chochitira kupatula chakuti anali poyamba anakonza nthawi ya ACS "ozizira" nkhondo. Mwachidule, udaikidwa mwachindunji ntchito kunkhondo ku Ulaya, kumene kutentha yozizira kawirikawiri anawona pansipa 7-8 madigiri Celsius. Wokwanira kukumbukira kuti BMP-1, cholinga zinthu zomwezo, si njira yabwino anasonyezeratu Afghanistan (ngakhale zifukwa zosiyana).

Powerplant ndi galimotoyo

Engine-kufala chipinda inali kutsogolo kwa nyumba ya. Magetsi anaimiriridwa V woboola pakati injini V-59, V zooneka ndi mphamvu 520 HP The peculiarity ndi kuti kukhazikitsidwa mu chidutswa chimodzi ndi kufala ziwiri mtsinje. Chipinda kwa mkulu mfuti lamanja la injini. Asanalankhule cha wolamulira chimphika ili kuntchito ya dalaivala. Pomwepo kumenyana chipinda ili m'chigawo chapakati cha nyumba ya. Zigoba mu stacking choimirira.

Monga ntchito ili galimotoyo makina kwenikweni ofanana ndi imene ankagwiritsa ntchito polenga SAU "mthethe". Popeza kudziletsa injini wagawo limabweretsa mtundu lotseguka chida wokwera poyera. Mbali imeneyi n'kulola kuti galimoto penapake wamfupi. Popeza mfuti phiri "huwakinto" ali ndi kukula ochepa (wachibale anzawo), zili kunyamula ndi mpweya.

Ankafunira akonzekeretse makina atsopano komanso PKT, koma njirayi sanali atsopano. Kenako, komabe chinathandiza ntchito kachiwiri. Ndi 1972, anakhala ntchito wokonzeka onse "huwakinto" mitundu ya chida osiyana-mlandu njira adamulamulira. Tikumbukenso kuti pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba zosinthika milandu kartuznymi. Komabe, njirayi ali osasunthika kupitirira zina zachidule. Mu mndandanda wa mfuti kudziletsa injini "huwakinto" anapita mu 1976, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba machulukitsidwe wa asilikali a luso latsopano.

Nkhondowo "athamangadi" njira yatsopano ndi ku Afghanistan, asilikali yomweyo anapereka kudziletsa injini unsembe uwu wa kwambiri makhalidwe wachiphamaso. Iwo chidwi makamaka ndi bomba amphamvu kwambiri amene akhoza bwinobwino ntchito kuti thupilo amphamvu malinga Taliban. M'madera ena, kudziletsa injini 152 mm mfuti "huwakinto" analandira dzina la "fuko," amene ankaganizira mphamvu yake nkhondo.

Features mfuti

2A37 mfuti mamangidwe wokongola muyezo: payipi-chidutswa, ndi breech ndi kuipanikiza nanyema, popanda imene sadzatha kuchita zoterezi likungosonyeza chidwi. Mwa njira kulankhula akunena za mtundu wa kusiyana. Theka-zodziwikiratu shutter, skalochnogo mtundu yopingasa misalignment. Mfuti ndi zokuzira ndi ananyema hayidiroliki damping mtundu angadzachite ndi recuperator (pneumatic), mbali imene imakhala mu zonenepa ake wopindidwa ndi mbiya. The rollback zing'onozing'ono - 730 mm, wamkulu - 950 mm.

Rammer unyolo mtundu ntchito mu masitepe awiri: loyamba akutumiza projectile mu breech, ndipo patangopita zonse zoyenera wamanja. Chepetsani ntchito adalira m'makalata zochotsa ndi njira chitembenukiro. Iye amatembenuza mfuti pa makina osavuta, amene chipangizo kumatha pafupifupi onse kusokonezeka lalikulu.

zina

Mu yopingasa malo mfuti akhoza anachititsa mkati 30 °. Features kulozera vertically - a ° -2,5 ° kwa 58. Cannon zokhoma olimba chishango amene amateteza makina adalira kwa zipolopolo, shrapnel ndi mafunde mantha opangidwa pa kuwombera. Chishango opangidwa ndi kukhomerera losavuta pepala limodzi zida zitsulo. Kachiwiri, "huwakinto" - SAU. Photos kusonyeza otsika ake zabwino chitetezo. Mbali imeneyi ya njira imeneyi chifukwa chakuti kwa kumenyana mwachindunji ndi mdani sinafike.

Zowoneka awa akuimira yosavuta makina pamaso D726-45 anakonza ndi PG-1m panorama mfuti. Chitsogozo pa mipherezero kwambiri posachedwapa ndipo kwambiri kuonekera cholinga riflescope OP4M-91A. mfuti akulemera makilogalamu 10.800.

Information pa galimotoyo ndi zipolopolo

Pofuna standardize wa galimotoyo ACS 2S5 "huwakinto" inamangidwa pa m'munsi mofanana wa chotero kulamulira dongosolo 2S3 "mthethe". Monga momwe zilili ndi "mthethe", ndi zida zonse aikidwa mkati thupi, koma mwa kundipatsako kwa yolimbanirana ndi mfuti pamanja. Kunja, mu kumbuyo kwa galimoto, wokwera yaikulu mbale stabilizer. Zazikidwa pa nthaka limodzi ndi kuwombera, kuwauza kukhazikitsa mtendere kutero.

N'chifukwa chake ACS "huwakinto" mfundo sangathe kuwombera pa kusuntha. Komabe, muyezo nthawi kubweretsa zomera ulendo nkhondowo mphindi zinayi zokha, kotero kuti mphamvu yeniyeni ya dongosolo chotero kulamulira ndi mkulu. Izi mfuti kudziletsa injini ali maneuverability kwambiri, kulola gulu mofulumira nkhondo. Musaiwale anamanga-zipangizo entrenchment. Ntchito, oyendetsa akhoza kuyika galimoto mu nthaka mu maminiti pang'ono chabe.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti poyamba anali ngati ndodo zipolopolo VOF39 projectile, adali ndi thupi okwana makilogalamu 80,8. Kukantha zotsatira m'menemo limafanana RP 29 kuyang'anira (makilogalamu 46), amene ntchito ndi makilogalamu pafupifupi zisanu amphamvu zachiwawa A-IX-2. Blaster - losavuta (percussion) B-429. Patapita kanthawi, kutukula analenga ZVOF86 kuwombera lomwe kuti anakonza ndi projectile RP-59 angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugunda mipherezero pa mtunda mpaka makilomita 30.

Mu zipolopolo ochiritsira zikuphatikizapo akatemera dazeni atatu osiyana-mlandu cholusa, ndi mwa iwo pali mitundu yatsopano akatemera ndi mawonekedwe bwino kuuluka bwino potsatira njira, komanso mivi ndi yogwira laser homing.

"Nyukiliya maluwa"

Ambiri, si kwambiri malonda atolankhani athu. Kumadzulo akhala ndinazembera inanena kuti ACS "huwakinto" angagwiritsidwe ntchito zopangira zokwana nyukiliya 0.1-2 kt. Amadziwika kuti lero amakonzedwa kwathunthu projectiles latsopano likungosonyeza mamilimita 152 mu dziko lathu kuti "huwakinto". Mmodzi chidwi kwambiri ndi m'bulu bomba 3-0-13, ndi mapulani kulenga zokayikitsa awo fission iye. Izo zikuwoneka zipolopolo zingamuthandize kwambiri anafuna kupanga kusokonezedwa yogwira ntchito kwambiri amachepetsa kapena kupanga izo kukhala zosatheka zamagetsi mdani.

mwatsatanetsatane

mfuti lakonzedwa kuti chitsutsocho cha machitidwe a zida zankhondo mdani kuwononga bunkers ndipo malinga ena kumunda, kuwononga posts zosiyanasiyana mdani lamulo (kuphatikizapo kumbuyo), komanso kulimbana ndi zida waukulu wa mdani. Monga takambirana kale zowoneka akhoza moto onse mwachindunji moto (kuwala), ndi chatsekedwa malo (zowoneka mawotchi). Mofanana ndi zida zankhondo ena ndi manja yaing'ono yopanga zoweta, ACS angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino mu nyengo zonse ndi nyengo.

Mwatsoka, mfuti 2S5 lero kwambiri akale mawu abwino. Komabe, wololera injini mfuti, ndipo lero mpaka pano wa losatha kwambiri mayunitsi kudziletsa injini kupanga zoweta, ndi pa nkhani imeneyi, "huwakinto" ndi yokha "peonies" ndi likungosonyeza ake 203 mm.

Mosiyana ndi machitidwe otere kalasi mfuti phiri, "huwakinto" sanali anasamutsa mu dziko ya Warsaw ke. Only mu 1991, pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, Finland amamuonera mayunitsi 15. Tikumbukenso kuti panopa deta pa chitukuko cha m'malo okwanira a dongosolo kulamulira zodziwikiratu kwa asilikali wathu, pamene adani angathe chitukuko m'dera limeneli satha. Choncho, ife sitikudziwa momwe ambiri adzakhala moyo "huwakinto". Self-injini mfuti chitsanzo ichi ndithu nthawi yayitali adzakhala pa asilikali athu.