Shagren ndi mtundu wa chikopa, pepala komanso njira yojambula

Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya khungu, malinga ndi njira yotsekemera, kuvala ndi chiyambi, chiri chokwanira kwambiri, ndipo chimakhala ndi akatswiri a sayansi.

Kusiyana ndi chepak ndi yosiyana ndi yuti, monga chevrelet kapena phala kuchokera ku boze, anthu ogula sangafunikire kudziwa, koma pazifukwa zinazake, posankha chinthu choyenera, munthu ayenera kumvetsa zoyenera zake. Mtundu wapadera wa khungu ndi shagreen. Ndizofewa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa kukhudza zakuthandizidwe.

Motherland wa Shagreen - North Africa

Panthawi ya chigawo cha kumpoto kwa Africa (kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900), asirikali ndi maofisi a ku France, odziwa bwino zinthu zonse zokongola, ankangowonongeka ndi mtundu wosadziwika wa khungu lawo. Aarabu amawatcha "shagri", omwe amatanthawuza kuti "kavalo kumbuyo". Ogonjetsa anayamba kutchula mawu awa mwa njira yawo - chokhumudwitsa - m'Chirasha cholembera "shagreen". Dzina limeneli lapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zipangizo zamakono zakhala zikufalikira m'mayiko onse omwe ali ndi ziweto zogwiritsa ntchito. Chipangizo chabwino cha pamwamba chimapatsa phunziro lililonse kukhala lokongola kwambiri, zikhale zinyumba, zinthu zina zazing'ono zapakhomo, cholembera, chipewa cha ndudu, chikwama cha ndudu, thumba la ndalama, thumba la ndalama ... Inde, pali zinthu zochepa zokongola zomwe zimapangidwa ndi khungu la shagreen!

Kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wa khungu la shagreen

Mosiyana ndi anthu a Chiarabu, ku Ulaya mtundu uwu wa chikopa unkagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri osati kusamba nsapato kapena zovala, koma pofuna kukongoletsera. Shagreen yofewa, yofewa ndi yofewa ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chothandizira mipando ndi mipando ya sofa. Amawoneka ngati mabuku ndi mabuku apadera okwera mtengo, omangidwa ndi izo, komanso milandu ya zoimbira za nyimbo kapena mafolda oimba, mmaganizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chitsanzo cha mtundu wake chinapatsa dzina la mapepala kutsanzira mpumulo mwanjira yapaderadera yopangidwa ndi khungu la bulu.

Shagren nthawizonse yakhala yokwera mtengo, pakupanga izo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Poyambirira izo zinatumizidwa kuchokera ku Asia Minor ndi Persia, ndipo anaphunzira kuchita m'mayiko ena, komanso ku Russia.

Zakale za shagreen zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zikopa zamphongo, koma ndizovomerezeka kuti zizipangidwe kuchokera kumtundu, mbuzi ndi pafupifupi china chilichonse, kupereka, ndi kukonza bwino, khalidwe lapamwamba.

Makina ovuta

Pofuna kuthandizira, khungu kuchokera kumtunda wa nyamayi liyenera kukhala loyamba m'madzi, kenako limadzazidwa ndi chimango, chodzaza ndi mbewu za udzu (kawirikawiri quinoa). Zotsatira zake, ziphuphu zazing'ono zimayang'ana kutsogolo, zomwe zimadulidwa ndi mpeni. Njirayi imafuna chisamaliro chapadera ndi luso. Kenaka mankhwala osakanizidwawo amachiritsidwa komanso amatawidwa (alum kapena kutenga). Malire pakati pa malo ochepa ndi ofewa amapanga chitsanzo chosiyana kwambiri chomwe shagreen imatchuka. Ichi ndi chikopa choyeretsedwa - chokwanira chokongoletsera chazitali zapamwamba.

Zotsatira za shagreen m'nyumba yokonza

Magetsi a shagreen sapatsa mpumulo kwa opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a malo okhala ndi ofesi. Zotsatira za "shagreen" pa kujambula zimapindula mutatha kuyanika mchere wochepetsetsa ndi mankhwala osungunulira.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri, chipangizo ichi chinayambira chifukwa cha kuphunzira zovuta zomwe zinachitika panthawi ya thupi la magalimoto osati ojambula odziwa bwino kwambiri m'malo mosalala pamwamba adalandira zochepa zazing'ono zosautsa. Milandu yosasangalatsa yaukwatiyo idasanthuledwa mosamalitsa, ndipo zikhalidwe zomwe "shagreen" zimayambira zimawululidwa. Chithunzi cha kuwonjezeka kwazitsulo kunamveketsa chithunzithunzi: chifukwa cha iwo zinawonekeratu kuti kuphwanya kwapangidwe kameneka kuli chifukwa cha kuyanika kosafanana. Chabwino, choipa chotani pamtunda wa galimoto chingakhale chokongola kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito pakhoma.