Game theorist Dzhon Nesh

Dzhon Nesh wakhala wotchuka mu zikomo dziko ku kanema "A Mind Chokongola." N'zodabwitsa olimbikitsa, adawalamulira ndi chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu ya namatetule anthu, moyo otsimikiza kanema. Izi biopic, filimu mantha filimu-anapeza. Iwo anayamba wowerenga mu dziko la tsogolo, kodi malingaliro ntchito zodabwitsa. Sathandiza interweaving wa misala ndi namatetule mu mgwirizano ndi nkhondoyo. Collection "ma Oscar" - Umboni wa zimenezi. Yopangidwa ndi masamu ichi, masewera chiphunzitso chasanduka mozondoka maziko a ntchito m'makampani. 27 tsamba digirii nkhani yolembedwa Nash ndi mphamvu zoterozo pa anthu ndi chuma, monga 21 tsamba digirii nkhani yolembedwa pa sayansi ongolankhula Einstein a.

Chiphunzitso cha Adam Smith, lomwe kale motere chitukuko cha ufulu bourgeois anthu poyerekeza momwe ikufotokoza Dzhon Nesh, zikuwoneka wotumbululuka, osati kupereka momveka bwino zochitika ambiri masiku ano. Mfundo pamwamba akukhudzana chimodzimodzi monga Masamu ziwiri ooneka enieni chabe kagawo wa atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.

kuchinamwali

John anabadwa pa 13.06.1928, mu Bluefield (West Virginia). The sukulu sadali "nerd" anaphunzira sing'anga. Malinga ndi khalidwe - choopsa, kudzikonda.

Tayerekezerani masamu tsogolo (masiyanidwe Masamu ndi chiphunzitso cha masewera) sanali sukulu phunziro. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zonse izo ankangokayikira sing'anga. Ngati nzeru wake kugona ndi kuyembekezera Kankhani. Ndipo iye akadali anabwera.

Ndili ndi zaka 14, mnyamata anagwa m'manja wa buku lakuti "ndiAmene wa masamu" wa compatriot wake Erika Bella, masamu ndi wolemba wa yopeka. Buku ili authentically kwambiri limafotokoza moyo wa masamu aakulu kuti athe kuthana ndi zopereka kupita patsogolo.

Kodi chinachitika pamene kuwerenga iwo mabuku? Amene amadziwa ... koma zimakhala ngati mwambo kenako mpaka pafupifupi kwambiri "imvi" wophunzira Dzhon Nesh undertakes zosatheka mwadzidzidzi ena akutsimikizira Fermat ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka pang'ono. yotsirizira chochitika layman ali silinena. Koma ine, izo zinali zodabwitsa. Zimene angayerekezedwe? Mwinamwake, monga ngati akuzigawo zofufuzafufuza wosewera panapezeka choncho, ndi lalikulu kusewera Hamlet ku likulu.

Polytechnic Institute

atate wake (mwana lingafanane dzina lake) anali munthu wophunzira, iye anagwira ntchito ngati zamagetsi injiniya mu kampani malonda. Makolo pambuyo chitsimikizo cha Fermat ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka Last zinali zosachita kufunsa kuti Dzhon Nesh, Jr. adzakhala wasayansi.

Kafukufuku wina wanzeru atatsegula chitseko cha munthu mu mwachilungamo yapamwamba Polytechnic Institute, Carnegie, kumene mnyamata woyamba anasankha zimapangidwira, ndiye chuma cha padziko lonse ndipo potsiriza anakhazikitsa yokha mu kulakalaka masamu. Iye analandira madipuloma, yoyamba ndi madigiri mbuye, mogwirizana ndi zapaderazi "ongolankhula ndi Akutsatira Masamu".

Kuti mudziwe kuzindikira aphunzitsi ake anayambitsa, akuti umboni kupelekedwa ndi mphunzitsi Richard Duffin yopemphera kwa University Princeton. Pano pali nkhani mu zonse ndi ndafunsira: "Munthu uyu - wanzeru"

University Princeton

Ndipo komabe zikomo osati ayamikira, ndi mayeso kwakukuru zapita analowa University of Dzhon Nesh. Wambiri ya pamene kulenga kuganiza kuti iye kwenikweni tsogolo kutsogoleredwa. Kodi izo motani?

Iye zomwe iye sankadziwa anali zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zokha pamaso pa Poyankha, pamene misala kwa zaka makumi atatu lingafikire cophimba kuli mdima wa akuchita misala akhate ku dziko lakunja, izo mitanda mwa anthu zawonongeka mabanja, kuchotsa ntchito ndi nyumba.

Achinyamata sindikudziwa basi momwe ndipo sankadziwa kumene mzere chabwino umene umawalekanitsa namatetule ndi misala. Iye nsangala moni ulaliki wa sayansi latsopano la masewera chiphunzitso, ndi brainchild wa chuma Morgenstern ndi John Von Neumann, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ananyamula ikugwiritsidwa kuphedi. zaka makumi awiri a namatetule anatha paokha kupanga chida chachikulu chiphunzitso masewera, ndipo pa zaka 21 iye wamaliza ntchito pa lolingana digirii nkhani yolembedwa.

Kodi dokotala wamng'ono anali pafupifupi sayansi kudziwa kuti padutsa zaka 45 chiphunzitso cha Dzhona Nesha Nobel Prize adzakhala ayesedwa? Company adzafunika pafupifupi theka zaka kuzindikira kuti anali yojambula!

ntchito

m'banda zaka 1950-1953. Pa wasayansi 22-25 wazaka amayamba nthawi wokhwima kulenga. Iye analemba mabuku angapo lofunika pa mfundo otchedwa a masewera ndi ndalama nonzero. Ndi chiyani icho? Onani mudzapeza kenako m'nkhani ino.

Dzhon Nesh - katswiri wa masamu wotchuka ndi wopambana. malo ake a ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri Massachusetts Institute of Technology ili Cambridge. Kenako anangomwetulira mwayi: kukhudzana ndi RAND Corporation propentagonovskoy. Iye wakudya ndalama malire Chidani nkhondo, anakhala mmodzi wa kutsogolera akatswiri American pa ulamuliro wake.

ndi masewera chiphunzitso Kodi

Muzipereka kwa chiphunzitso nyama lamulo chi wa anthu n'zovuta Musaone. likutanthauza mawu a macroeconomics chiyani? Mogwirizana kwa osewera ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, bizinesi akaphatikiza, boma, mabanja. Ngakhale pa mlingo zazikulu, n'zoonekeratu kuti aliyense wa iwo asankha njira zake.

Business zingakhale inakonda overstate phindu lawo (utesnyaya mabanja) ndi kuchepetsa msonkho (underpaying State).

State bwino zingakweze misonkho (kupondereza ndi tochepa ndi sing'anga) ndi milingo m'munsi zodzitetezera pa umoyo wake (anamuvula thandizo zigawo chiopsezo cha anthu).

Mabanja omasuka mpweya anzawo ku boma ndipo mitengo osachepera katundu opangidwa ndi malonda.

Kodi izi tsekwe, Cancer ndi Pike pamodzi ndi pompopompo kokani ngolo, dzina limene - kampani? Iwo imalongosola masewera chiphunzitso.

The brainchild wa Dzhona Nesha - vuto ndi ndalama si ziro

The kalasi pamwamba mavuto kumene phindu la chipani chimodzi kusiyana ndi ena, otchedwa vuto ziro-ndalama. Iwo amadziwa kuwerenga ndi Morgenstern ndi Von Neumann. Komabe, amakumbukira kuti kwa kalasi ya mavuto walenga zipangizo ndi zida cilamulo wa Dzhon Nesh.

Koma wanzeru masamu pa chitsanzo ichi sanaletse, kasonyeza ntchito zambiri wosakhwima a kalasi (ziro-ndalama). Mwachitsanzo, kasamalidwe nkhondo ndi mabungwe malonda, kuti zofuna kukweza malipilo.

Escalate vuto ndi kunyanyala yaitali, mbali zonse zimavutika zomvetsa. Pamene ntchito monga mabungwe malonda ndi makonzedwe njira yabwino, ndi anthu ndipo ena mwa kupambana. Zimenezi amatchedwa sanali mukupanga mgwirizano kapena Nash mgwirizano. (Mtundu uwu wa mavuto ndi nkhani za mgwirizano wa mayiko, malonda nkhondo.)

Masiku ano anthu mpikisano atsimikiza zosiyanasiyana moona wopandamalire wa ankachita a zisudzo zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo pafupifupi onse a iwo amenable kugawa masamu ngati vuto ndi sanali ziro ndalama.

moyo

Mpaka wopambana malemu 50 tsogolo Nobel Prize Dzhon Nesh ndinakwera makwerero maphunziro, ndipo, titero, kulumpha masitepe atatu. Mfundo zikuluzikulu anali anthu kuti iye. Wosayamikira machitidwe ndi monyoza ankachitira adamkondera mnzake pa MIT Eleanor Stier. Osati amphata kuti iye anamuberekera mwana. Iye anangoti sanawavomereze bambo ake. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, palibe timu mwa anzake Nash analibe abwenzi. Iye anali eccentric zachilendo, anakhala m'dziko anatulukira mwa mitunduyi yomweyo. maganizo ake onse anali odzipereka kwa chinthu chimodzi - kukhala ndi njira yabwino.

Nkosafuna kunena, asangalala kutsogolera technologist wa Cold nkhondo, sate Dzhon Nesh. Yerekezani kuti mu zaka izi ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi chithunzi cha wosewera amene ankaimba iye Rassela Krou. Loderapo ndi nkhope wanzeru ndi woganiza tione. Olosera Magazine limaneneratu ulemerero wake ndi otchuka. Mu February 1957, anakwatira Alicia anyama ali zaka ziwiri akuwonetseredwa mwana Martin. Komabe, zikuoneka kuti chimbuzi cha ntchito zofunika ndi wellbeing munthu John anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za akuchita misala akhate.

matenda

Pafupi Dzhona Nesha anayamba kutulo: osasinthika insulin mankhwala mu Trenton State Hospital, kuchotsedwa, chilekano patapita zaka zitatu matenda ndi wosachiritsika Alicia anyama akungoyendayenda mozungulira nyumba openga.

60 Iye anamva bwino, ndipo Eleanor Stier anapereka pokhala denga pa mutu wasayansi awo anakhala nthawi yokambirana ndi mwana wake woyamba. Nash ankaganiza kuti akuchira ndipo anasiya kumwa mankhwala antipsychotic. Matendawa anabwerera.

Ndiyeno, '70s, anapereka pogona Alicia mafuta anyama. Anzake anamupatsa ntchito.

Msewu kuchira

Pa kuti zimenezi, iye anazindikira kuti tikukhala ndi zabodza, olumala oyambitsa misala ndi akhate dziko, ndipo anayamba kumenyana ndi matenda. Koma iye sanali dokotala ndi wasayansi. Choncho, manja ake anakhala osati luso la zachipatala, ndipo anayamba yekha Game Chiphunzitsochi. Mwasayansi zonse anamenya lodana Dzhon Nesh. Movie ndi Russell Crowe paudindo namatetule ikuonekera. Iye anamenyana ndi matenda usana ndi usiku, popanda kukondera, monga mdani pa masewera patsogolo kanthu kuchepetsa mwayi wake wa Kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana zikwapu, kukana njira. Chifukwa cha ichi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake wa chipani anagonjetsa namatetule misala: adakwaniritsa mwaife nthawi zonse minimization mtheradi wa matenda osachiritsika.

Pomaliza, chiweruziro yaitali chitaperekedwa mu 1990 madokotala: Dzhon Nesh anachira. Tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa dziko sayansi ya United States, inde ndi sanaiwale pambuyo zaka zoposa makumi asanu, iwo ntchito zida mwakuchita Nash. Mu 1994, iye anapambana Nobel Prize (kwa nkhani yolembedwa wake maphunziro a digiri yoyamba, olembedwa pa zaka 21!). Mu 2001, Nash kamodzinso anamanga mfundo ndi Alicia mafuta anyama. Lero, wasayansi wotchuka anapitiriza ntchito yake sayansi mu ofesi yake Princeton. Amacita cidwi ndi njira osalunjika ntchito kompyuta.

Pomaliza

Izi namatetule American - munthu n'zosadabwitsa lonse, moyo wake wonse - chitsimikizo cha chiphunzitso cha masewera. moyo wake adasonkhana ndi chigonjetso, chikondi ndi misala, ndi chigonjetso cha nzeru pa vuto lodana. Pakuti kusanthula zenizeni ozungulira Dzhon Nesh wakhala kwabasi anayamba lenilenilo monga zida za sayansi.

Inde wasayansi bwino kwambiri akhoza yodziwika ndi mawu akuti Umberto Eco (buku "Foucault a Pendulum"), kuti namatetule nthawi zonse akusewera ndi ku chigawo chimodzi chomwecho. Komabe, nyama yake - ndi wapadera ndi wapadera. Chifukwa pamene iye amachita pa izo, ndiye ntchito zigawo zina zonse.