Zogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey ku Russia: zizindikiro malamulo ndi mndandanda. Tumizani katundu ku Turkey ku Russia

2015 m'pamene panasinthira mu mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma pakati Russia ndi Turkey. The kutsogolera kwa chitukuko cha mkangano linaphwanya Turkey airspace malire Lamulungu 24 Russian ndege amene adatenga mbali mu kampeni odana ndi zigawenga Syria ndipo kenako anawomberedwa pansi ndi asilikali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi Ankara anali oyamba a ziletso Moscow yolimbana mitundu ina ya katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko ku Turkey.

Zolimbana ziletso zochita ndi Ankara kuyamba mu November 2015 by lamulo la mutsogoleli wa Russia. A dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane kuchepetsa kundipatsako kwa katundu ku Turkey kuti Rossiykuyu Federation wakhala akupangidwa ndi Boma mu chisankho zogwirizana.

ndi oletsa pa katundu wa katundu Russian ku Turkey Kodi

Yosaloledwa wolowa ku Republic of Turkey kwa mankhwala Russian Federation makamaka anakhudzidwa mbewu. Zikuphatikizapo tomato, mphesa, tangerines, malalanje, nkhaka, kabichi, anyezi, apricots, mapichesi, nthuza strawberries, sitiroberi. Komanso, sikuloledwa kwa kuitanitsa mchere, cloves (maluwa), mitembo ya turkeys, nkhuku ndi zinyalala wa iwo, kumatafuna chingamu.

Mu 2015, ndalama yaikulu chakudya, amene analetsa kuti kunja ku Russia, anali ntchito. Chotero kusuntha, malinga ndi ambiri, ndi cholakwika. Pa nthawiyi magulu osiyana nzika ali osauka, nkhuku, zipatso, maswiti, kunja kwa Turkey, ndi akanangowonongeratu.

Zoletsa m'munda wa nsomba

The miyeso ankayembekezera kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito amaumiriza chuma Turkey kotheka yosaloledwa katundu wa nsomba ku Republic of Turkey kumapeto kwa 2015. Akatswiri amavomereza kuti ziletso zingakhudzire yekha gawo umafunika pa zinthu nsomba sikumangotikhudza wonse ogula mtanga.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsomba zimagulitsidwa ku Turkey ndi nyanja yoimba ndi nyanja bream, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yochepa kuti odyera mu Russia. Izi ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la msika, ndipo chotero imfa ya Russian Federation ndi Republic of Turkey adzakhala kochepa.

Kuti tsiku, Turkey nsomba katundu ku Russia sasiya, ndi kupanga mgwirizano wazamalonda mu dera lino.

Kusonyezanso pa Republic of Turkey

Popeza kuti malamulo katundu zoyikidwa ndi a Russian Federation katundu kunathandiza kwambiri pa buku la wolowa Turkey ku Russia, chilungamo kuyembekezera zimene Ankara akubwera kwa katundu zoweta. Ndipotu, Gona yachilendo chuma cha mayiko awa motengera ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa asapita katundu-inatha.

Kuti tsiku, Turkey ziletso kubwezera choipa ndi la Russia sanalowe. udindo uwu wa Ankara limakambanso za normalization zotheka ubale pakati limati awiri.

Tumizani katundu ku Turkey ku Russia

Kodi kufanana kunachitika mu 2015, ndi katundu wa katundu Turkey kumsika Russian? Zogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey ku Russia (mndandanda wa katundu) amaperekedwa pansipa:

• gawo la mikango ya katundu wa katundu Turkey zimapanga mankhwala chakudya ndi zipangizo zaulimi yaiwisi - oposa 30% ya okwana wolowa Turkey ku Russia (zipatso, mtedza, tomato, mbewu ya mpendadzuwa).
• Chachinayi cha mankhwala Turkey katundu chifukwa cha mankhwala magalimoto (magalimoto ndi Chalk).
• About 20% ya wolowa ali mankhwala nsalu (zovala, nsapato).
• Chiwerengero cha mankhwala kapangidwe ndi katundu ndi 12% (mankhwala pulasitiki, sopo ndi detergents).
• mankhwala zitsulo zimagulitsidwa ndalama ofanana peresenti asanu.
• Mchere ndi zinthu zawo zatenga 2% ya chonse pamodzi.

Zogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey ku Russia

Malo ofunika kwambiri a katundu ku Turkey ku Russia ndi mphamvu. Ku Russia kwa zaka zambiri kupereka mabuku yokulirapo mpweya kuti madera Turkey. Ndipotu, Russia "chimakwirira" 60% ya zofuna mphamvu. Ankara si chidwi kusintha zinthu, chifukwa pa nthawiyo wina ndi odalirika ndi magwero angakwanitse a mtundu wa mafuta si. Gasi mgwirizano pakati pa States awiri wakhala zingamuthandize kwambiri. Ku Russia anali zomanga payipi osiyana. Komabe, ntchito asanayambe.

Udindo kachiwiri wotanganidwa katundu yobereka wosachedwa adagulung'undisa ndipo zimapanga maperesenti oposa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi za okwana inatha Turkey zitsulo. M'dera lino, Turkey mu January anali ndi kufufuza odana ndi kukhuthula, zotsatira za omwe anapangidwa mawu akuti ndi Russian makampani zitsulo ndi kukhuthula mu msika Turkey. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuchepa mpikisano wa opanga m'dera la zitsulo. Malinga steelmakers Russian, milandu amenewa ndi umboni ndipo malinga ndi vuto akumane ndale.

mabuku Large (zogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey ku Russia) anali mu msika mbewu. Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana mkati 15-17% ya chiwerengero cha mbewu zimagulitsidwa. Ngakhale asapita zovuta pakati limati awiri lero wolowa Russian phoso Turkey ikuchitika. Mapangano onse angagwirizane pa katundu wa tirigu Russian akutsatiridwa Komanso chatsopano.

M'pofunika zimasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera pa magulu pamwamba pa katundu wolowa ndi Turkey katundu Russian asilikali zimasonyezanso, si mwalamulo kulengeza, koma gawo kwambiri buku okwana. Cacikulu, gawo Russia pa kugulitsa katundu kunja Turkey ndi kuzungulira 10%.

Msungidwe chigawo chimodzi cha nkhondo Chirasha Turkey

Yaitali mgwirizano pakati pa Russian Federation ndi Republic of Turkey analenga nyengo yabwino kwa ntchito ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa ndalama mbali zonse. Buku la ndalama mu chuma cha mayiko otsutsana lero Akuti pa $ 500 miliyoni ndi mbali Turkey ndi madola miliyoni 1,75 ku Russian. Makamaka mabvuto kwa Russian gawo mphamvu zotsalira ndalama. The kampani "Lukoil", "Inter RAO" ndi "Rosatom" kwambiri padera mu gawo la mphamvu la Turkey.

Mogwirizana ndi mkangano Russia ndi Turkey mabvuto nkhani ndi kupeza mu 2012 ndi Russian "Sberbank" Turkey DenizBank. Kumapeto kwa 2015, ku Russian wocheperapo a "Sberbank" wakhala akutsogolera udindo Turkey makampani banki ndipo akutumikira oposa 5 miliyoni makasitomala.

nkhondo asilikali kwambiri bwanji zinthu zamalonda m'mayiko onse. Dera anakhudzidwa ndi oyamba ziletso odana Turkey, adzakhala pansipa.

zokopa alendo

Pulezidenti Watsimikiza unilaterally anayambitsa de A facto kuletsa ntchito zokopa alendo ku Turkey. Popeza nyengo ya Turkey Republic, otaya alendo ochokera Russia kuti dziko lino sanadulidwe pa lonse Chaka chino. Chotero zomvetsa kwa makampani zokopa alendo la Turkey trudnovospolnimy. Kumbali chuma dziko wataya za $ biliyoni 10 pachaka.

ca mabungwe odziimira yomanga

A malo apadera kapangidwe ka katundu wa katundu ku Turkey ku Russia kutenga zomangira kuti bwinobwino anagonjetsa ogula Russian. Koma Chowawa kwambiri kuletsa ntchito, misonkhano kampani, ulamuliro wa yomwe ikuchitika ndi nzika Turkey. Inasanduka chopweteka chifukwa chakuti makampani yomanga yachilendo atsimikizira okha kwa zaka zambiri ndi dzanja bwino.

chiletso A mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito yomanga makampani Turkey ndi chopinga chogwirika kwa pofuna kukwaniritsa dera lino mu Russia wonse. Mitigating Chinthu ndi kuti zimenezi lalembedwa ndi makampani Turkey mpaka December 31, 2015, kudzachitika mu zonse.

The zotsatira za imposition wa ziletso

Mugone ankadutsa Russia ndi Turkey kwa zaka zambiri anali kaonedwe ndi chitukuko. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ambiri zolowa chofunika pakati pa maiko awiri pa zotsatira za 2014. mapulani General chifukwa cha kukula ubale malonda envisaged kuonjezera zolowa mpaka 2023 ndi buku la madola 100 biliyoni. Ndipo anali weniweni. Zimachitika lero ndi kuwonjezeka mu zolowa sizichitika, ndipo pa nkhope pake kufooka kwambiri.

Aggravation ubale ndale komanso bwanji ntchito zosachitika yomanga ya Black Sea payipi mpweya "Turkey Stream". Zotsatira za kumayambiriro ziletso ndi Russia ndi Turkey udzamvedwa kumapeto kwa 2016. Komabe, lero zikuonekeratu kuti zimenezi adzalola onsewo kusiyanitsa m'misika katundu ndi ntchito.

kodi zotsatira

Iwo anasintha dongosolo la wolowa Russian kuti Turkey, zomwe mukopedwe kuwonjezeka mitengo. Ku Russia wamba ziletso ngati poyamba "adzasefukira" mu kuwuka mu mtengo wa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Komanso zimenezi kuthetsa amakakamizidwa opanga Turkey ku msika chakudya kungakuthandizeni kuzembetsa.

A mbali zabwino mwa chimamangidwa ziletso ndi chakuti yokumba kutsitsa concurrency pakhomo adzalola opanga zoweta kutenga kanthu kagawo kakang'ono mankhwala chakudya. Komabe, panali gawo. Ndipotu, zinthu kumsika ayenera kuganiza moyo mpikisano kuti amalenga wathanzi ndi mankhwala khalidwe.

Russia - Turkey (imports - zogulitsa kunja)

Pamene kusanthula deta ya miyezi ya 2016 akhoza kunena kuti kumayambiriro ziletso chakudya ndi Turkey zinachititsa kuti akuponya wolowa Turkey ku Russia oposa 64%. Komanso, zinthu zasintha kwambiri pa muyezo wa imports kuti Turkey katundu Russian. Ngati mu 2015 ku Russia zinachitika kudalira pamwamba khumi yoti mayiko Ankara mankhwala, lero mitengo akanapo kwambiri.

Monga anavomereza mwa akatswiri Turkey, kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi Turkey angakhale wokwanira lachiwiri 0.3-0.4% ya GDP. Ziletsozi ya Ankara pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka, ndipo Moscow ali woyikidwa zoletsa kwambiri. Komabe, iye anakana ndi zogulitsa kunja kwa Turkey ku Russia.

Tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa nkhondo ndale zithetsedwe. Nawonso mmene chuma chikuyendera adzasintha ndi, katundu ndi matanthauzo ku Russia ndi Turkey sizinasinthe.