SNIP - ndichiyani? zizindikiro nyumbayi: mndandanda wa zikalata, ndi zofunikira

Pa kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba, misewu ndi milatho mapulani ndi omanga akutsogoleredwa ndi malamulo, amene wavomerezedwa pa mlingo malamulo, iwo amatchedwa SNP. Kodi kuti acronym, zomwe cholinga chake ndi cholinga, m'pofunika kudziwa osati okhawo amene zikugwira ntchito zomangamanga, komanso anthu ena onse. Mawu amenewa ndi zachilendo zosiyanasiyana nkhani, zikalata ndipo ngakhale mwamva.

Pozindikira ngakhale mawu ambiri, tanthauzo SNIP (mawu olembedwa: yomanga mchikhalidwe ndi malamulo), mukhoza kukambirana waphindu ndi kapitawo wa kukonza kapena kumanga gulu, wothandizila malo.

Mutu ndi chikalata kapangidwe

Tsiku lililonse, anthu amakonda otchulidwa SNIP gulu kwa nyumba zogona ndi anthu. Choncho otchedwa chikalata monga nambala yaikulu kwambiri mokoma osiyana, khalidwe la ndondomeko yomanga. zinthu zake zophatikizapo pafupifupi m'madera onse ndi magawo a kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba:

• Fotokozani chakudya ambiri.
• Fotokozani kapangidwe mfundo za.
• Muli malamulo a zomangamanga ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa yomalizidwa chinthu.
• Lembani malamulo akuti ndi malamulo.

SNIP (kutanthauza kuti tione pansipa) za chitukuko cha ntchito ya nyumba zogona ndi anthu, bookmarks maziko awo, ntchito yomanga mpanda (komanso masitepe ndi maselo), kukula ndi malo mawindo ndi zitseko, komanso nkhani zina zambiri. Komanso, ndime chikalata akufotokoza zofunika madzi Intaneti magetsi, sewers ndi magetsi. Wachina chilichonse ndi wowerengedwa ndi udindo.

Akutukuka malamulo, ndiAmene ndayesera molondola ndi kwathunthu athandize zofunika zonse kupewa kusamvetsetsana ndi kuzunzidwa komanso zolakwa za SNIP.

Chimene chiri malangizo ovuta kapena malangizo chabe kuti achitepo kanthu?

Aliyense nyumba yatsopano, kaya cholinga, ayenera kumangidwa molingana ndi malamulo a SNIP. Izi si mawu "ayenera", komanso pa zifukwa chitetezo.

manambala chikalata Awa ndi zaka, masamu mu ndondomeko ya kuwerengetsera zovuta. The processing ndalama zambiri ziwerengero mulingo woyenera malo yochitira makoma wakhala anadziŵa, mtunda wa pakati mawindo, masitepe kukula, kutalika kwa handrail ndi masitepe, kapangidwe ndi osalimba a konkire, komanso makhalidwe ena.

Mwachitsanzo tingaganizire za ngodya ya ndingaliro ya makwerero. Kwambiri yabwino komanso otetezeka ankaona staircase kapangidwe ndi maganizo kuchokera madigiri 30 mpaka 50. Zinthu izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati akulu, amuna yogwira ndi akazi, komanso ana ndi okalamba.

Pamene omanga kutsatira snip anakweza ankasinthana awo kumanga odalirika, otetezeka, omasuka ndi cholimba. Pa nthawi imene zizindikiro nyumba (SNIP) zisakuyenda, mavuto otsatirawa kumachitika:

• Kupanda chitonthozo ndi ntchito kukonza.
• Kugwa ndi kuvulala munthu.
• Shrinkage nyumba.
• Nthawi ya ming'alu mu mpanda.
• Breakage Kutentha ndi kuikira (kuswa nyumba Masamu).
• Kuchuluka chiopsezo moto.
• Kugwa denga la stairwell, kapena ntsoyi ya nyumba.

Kumene, zinthu yotsirizira - izi ndi koipa angakuchitireni, koma ayenera angaonere.

Evolution wa Omanga Malamulo

веке. Yomanga nyumba, misewu ndi milatho wakhala zovuta ndi udindo ntchito, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti malamulo ndi mfundo yoyamba chikanachitika m'zaka khumi lakutali. Kumene, iwo akhala wodzilemekeza ndi kusinthidwa m'zaka zotsatirazi. Anthu malamulo, zomwe tikudziwa lero, ndi kusanduka "Code la malamulo mafakitale yomanga" (mapeto a 20-ntchentche za m'ma XX).

Kumanga Malamulo (SNIP) anayamba anatengera mu 1955 ndipo kuyambira pamenepo mobwerezabwereza ankadulidwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri mwa zinthuzo ndi zogwirizana ndi zothandiza kutali. wokangalika akonzi SNIP zinachitikadi mu 90s, ndi 2000s. Kwa zaka makumi awiri, iwo anapangidwa nambala yaikulu kumveketsa ndi kusintha osati mawu a chikalatachi, komanso mfundo za anthu.

SNIP: mawu olembedwa akuti mitundu ya malamulo

Chikalatachi tichipeza zigawo zisanu:

1. Woyamba lili malamulo zokhudza bungwe, kasamalidwe ndi mbali chuma yomanga. Apa yogawagawa chilichonse pachokhapachokha zofunika injiniya kapena wamanga kwa ntchitoyo, chindunji yemwe ayenera kuwunika patsogolo ntchito.
2. Chigawo chachiwiri ndi waukulu kuwalire kapangidwe mfundo za. Pali boma zigawo zokhudza chitetezo, konkire, zitsulo ndi nyumba zina ndi madenga, Intaneti zomangamanga ndi kachitidwe, kayendedwe, matamanda a madzi, komanso chitukuko m'tawuni.
3. Chigawo chachitatu limafotokoza ndondomeko za bungwe ndi kupanga ndi kulandiridwa.
4. Wachinayi imalemba alipo mfundo woikidwiratu.
5. The gawo lachisanu muli mfundo zofunika kuti amalola kuti muwerengere kuchuluka kwa zipangizo za ntchito yomanga chinthu makamaka. Komanso, pali mfundo lotuluka ntchito ndi zipangizo yomanga.
   

Features ntchito yomanga zapansi maziko

Pamene anakonza yomanga nyumba kapena dongosolo kuthira maziko walandira woganizira mozama. Apa ndi Sitinganyalanyaze SNP malo. Madziko - izo amathandiza nyumba onse, iwo akuimilira yolemetsa yaikulu, ndipo ngati gawo ili la nyumbayi kukhala zosalongosoka, khalidwe la ena ntchitoyi kwambiri yafupika.

Kuti mumange maziko olimba, akatswiri kuganizira zinthu Geological onse a m'derali ndi anthu amene kale bwinobwino anagwira ntchito zofanana. Mu nthawi imene mukufuna kumanga nyumba pa malo a zinthu zovuta Geological polojekiti nawo chitukuko amakampani apadera.

Momwe munakonzera yomanga maziko

Atatha kukambirana bwinobwino mmene zinthu zilili onse kudziwa magawo zotsatirazi:

1. maziko mtundu. Zimakhala masoka kapena yokumba.
2. Kufanizitsa yomanga.
3. Kuya kwa tsamba la.

Katundu m'tsogolo pa maziko a nyumba masamu mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za SNIP. Madziko ziyenera kulinganizidwa kutenga nkhani kutenga mphamvu, zotsatira mapindikidwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.

Katundu mphamvu masamu milandu komwe oyembekezeka lalikulu yopingasa katundu, komanso ngati tsogolo la nyumbayi aikidwa pa malo otsetsereka kapena m'madera pamiyala. Pa nthawi imene maziko ali sanalonjeze kuti zawo, kutenga mphamvu sangadalire.

Pamene polojekiti ikukhudza kumanga maziko yomweyo pambuyo kuthira, ulamuliro katundu mu ndondomekoyi.

Maziko ndi madzi mobisa

A mosamala wa SNP (kapangidwe zapansi ndi zapansi) Tingaone kuti kufunika tikaganizira za mtundu wa dothi ndipo pansi kulunjika. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa zilizonse zoipa negate yomanga onse.

SNIP lili ndi zinthu zingapo ndi kufotokoza zimene tiyenela kuiganizila kumanga maziko chachilengedwe:

• nthaka sayenera zii. Pakuti madera ndi zofunika zoipa kutentha kwa ena: nthaka sayenera unfrozen.
• nthaka lotayirira ting'onoting'ono basi.
• Ngati m'dera sachedwa osefukira, atengedwa mu nkhani yaitali malangizo.

Kuti tipeze makhalidwe waukulu wa nthaka, onetsetsani kuti achite mayeso. Pamene izi nkhani kusintha pa zinthu hydrogeological deta mayeso (kuwuka kwa pansi, maonekedwe kapena vadose nyengo zotsatira nyengo). Pamene maziko kale anamangapo izo pansi pa mayeso yachinsinsi kwa durability ndi dzimbiri.

amafuna SNP komanso mwachindunji kuya limene maziko iikidwe. chizindikiro ichi zimadalira cholinga ndi kukula kamangidwe.

Kufunika kwa zofunika zokhudza sewerage ndi madzi

Mofanana ndi ntchito yomanga, dongosolo kuchimbudzi kapangidwe ndi unsembe ayenera kuchitika mogwirizana ndi mfundo ndi malamulo. Komabe, omanga ambiri kuyang'ana pansi pa malamulo alipo, ngakhale kudziwa za snip lapansi. Kodi ndi zimene anakamba, ali bwino Komabe, tiyenera kutsatira ngati ali kwambiri wapatali, zopanda chilungamo komanso zosayenera. Chifukwa, pamene nthawi ifika kukonza kapena m'malo aliyense mchitidwe madzi kapena zimbudzi akuthamanga, eni nyumba ndi zovuta kwambiri. Komanso, dongosolo ndi kovuta ntchito, komanso kuvutika zikhalidwe ukhondo m'dera.

Popewa izi, makasitomala ayenera kufunsa malangizo kuyan'ana ndondomeko ya zomangamanga.

The mkati ndi kunja kuchimbudzi maukonde

okwanira ndi madzi nazo machitidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri nyumba awiri ndi nyumba. Kuonetsetsa mkati ndi kunja kuchimbudzi maukonde:

1. Woyamba ndi nthambi chitoliro zoti zimbudzi m'nyumba ku malo m'zitsime. Intaneti amenewa zakonzedwa obliquely achoke madzi ndi yokoka. Komabe, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mapampu. Ndi njira imodzi, ndi awiri zimatsatira malamulo.
2. The chachiwiri - kuda, membala wa kuikira mindandanda yamasewera ndi mipope dongosolo nyumbayi. Ntchito dongosolo linanena bungwe amakhala madzi zinyalala kuchokera kunyumba kwa kuda kunja.
   

Zinthu kuganizira pamene ogwiritsa ndi mapulogalamu ngalande

Ngati zofunikira za SNIP, chitetezo cha nyumba adzapereka zinthu zofunikira. Komanso kumawonjezera chitonthozo awo ndi mayiko, chimene chiri chofunika ntchito yaitali nyumba zogona ndi mafakitale.

Angagwiritse atagona mipope madzi ndi kuchimbudzi, kawirikawiri kuganizira zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kapangidwe, katundu ndi kapangidwe wa nthaka.
2. Malo a pansi.
3. Voliyumu ya madzi amene adzadutsa machubu (chakudya ndi Anabweza).

Komanso kuganizira remoteness siteshoni ya mpope kapena maofesi chithandizo ndi kumanga tsogolo.

Mitundu ya mipope ndi zofunika

machubu kungakhale zachitsulo, chitsulo, simenti asibesitosi, simenti kapena pulasitiki, ndi chinanena mu Standard ndi snip ndime. madzi umamumvera katundu yaikulu, kotero chitoliro ayenera kukhala m'dziko. Kunja, zimakhudzidwa ndi dothi lonyowa, kusintha kutentha ndi mavuto ena, ndi kuthamanga mkati madzi. Pankhani ngalande, m'pofunika kuganizira zikuchokera madzi: kuno zigawo zikuluzikulu yogwira mankhwala lalikulu zedi.

Posankha mapaipi madzi, mbuye chofunika kulabadira chizindikiro, kuti mipope kachitidwe mkati ndi kunja ndi osiyana kwambiri.

Pamene zofunika zonse ndi miyezo zimapezeka, mwini nyumba akhoza kukhala chete chifukwa chitetezo cha banja lake, chifukwa nyumba iyi adzatumikira mokhulupirika kwa zaka zambiri.