Soviet maseŵeralo: masamba a mbiriyakale

Ambiri mwa anthu amene anabadwa mu USSR, mosakayikira kuti masewera aja Soviet - yabwino ku dziko. Ndi illusionists zabwino "Magic," Nthabwala - kwachilendo, ndi aphunzitsi nyama ndi acrobats - wolimba ndi wolimba mtima. Atayenda kwa masewera aja anali holide kwambiri kwa akulu ndi ana omwe. Koma maseŵeralo Soviet sanabwere balamanthu. Za kukhala ndi maseŵeralo Soviet, taphunzira m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya Russian maseŵeralo luso

Ngakhale pa nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro mu dziko lathu kuti anali asanaikemo woyamba "mbewu" zaluso masewera aja, umboni ndi frescoes mu Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, chibwenzi ku zaka 1070-1075. Iwo akamachita akavalo mpikisano ndi ndewu, tightrope sasinthasintha ndi mitengo. M'masiku amenewo adepts monga acrobats oyendayenda ndi atsogoleri zimbalangondo, Nthabwala ndi jugglers anachita mu mzinda, fairs ndi atchuthi anthu zodabwitsa ndi osangalatsa. Bizinesi ukuyenda mu Russia anali buffoons XV-XVI atumwi.

Chifukwa cha khama la Peter Ine m'zaka XVIII ku likulu ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu anayamba kupanga cikhalidwe ndi unayamba kuonekera woyendera maseŵeralo European, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko mofulumira zaluso maseŵeralo.

The heyday la maseŵeralo Russian imatengedwa XIX atumwi. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi akudutsa ambiri Balagan chilungamo zithunzi ndi nawo othamanga ndi gymnasts, jugglers ndi acrobats, ovina ndi amatsenga, komanso amisiri a Mitundu ina. Ndi zisudzo m'misasa fairground ntchito luso anayamba ndi Nikitin Durov abale, komanso ena ambiri. An yosaiwalika mu chitukuko cha maseŵeralo Russian anali Mipukutu ya ku nyumba mwala woyamba: ku St. Petersburg pa embankment, mu 1877-m, mu Moscow, pa wachikuda Boulevard mu 1880.

The zikamera wa masewera aja Soviet

Zimene zinachitika kwa October 1917 zasintha kwambiri moyo ndi mbiri ya Russian maseŵeralo luso. The Bolsheviks, kuchititsa zisinthe chikhalidwe anapereka boma thandizo maseŵeralo ndi kukhala wamphamvu maganizo chida chimene ali zimakhudza misa. Chimachita zofunika pa citukuko ca maseŵeralo Soviet ali ndi lamulo "Pa kugwirizana kwa malonda ed" Mukalowa mu August 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, onse masewera aja ndi ed katundu phunziro kwa nationalization. Komabe, patsogolo m'malo pang'onopang'ono, ndi 1922 ndi maseŵeralo zoweta inkakhala boma awiri okha Moscow. Ndiye, mwamsanga ndithu, m'zaka zitatu zokha, zina 15 pamasewera m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya boma la Soviet anayamba. Choyamba chinamasulidwa mu Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet maseŵeralo hema. Ndiye iwo nationalized, restructured ndipo anayamba kupereka kumaonekera ndi zisudzo mu Leningrad, Tver, Rostov pa-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Ambiri mwa zipinda akhala umene ena, monga akatemera awo luso anaphonya, ndi msinkhu wawo masewero osauka. Pofuna kuthetsa mu 1926, maseŵeralo luso maphunziro inakonzedwa, amene kenako anakhala zaumisiri School, komwe anaphunzitsa ojambula zithunzi loyamba la maseŵeralo Soviet.

kukhala

Mu 1920s malemu - oyambirira 1930s pa m'dera maseŵeralo mabwalo zipinda ambiri atsopano, kukonzekera kutenga nkhani zinasintha mfundo ndi dziko view la masewera. Pambuyo kanatuluka mu 1936 filimu pa luso kuchita mu masewera aja Soviet wabwera m'badwo ouziridwa ndi njala ulemerero aluso wamng'ono. Ndi nthawi ino anafika pachimake loyamba la kutchuka lalikulu chisudzo Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), panali yambiri oimba ng'oma pamodzi ndi amisiri Valentino ndi Mihaila Volginyh, Mbewu omenya chidwi ndi luso lake sasinthasintha abale Svirina ndi Pavel Tarasov. Tinganene mosakayika kuti mmasate ndi makumi anai a m'zaka za m'ma XX ndi maseŵeralo Soviet zachitika osiyana ndi mosavuta kuzindikira kalembedwe ake.

Nkhondo ndi maphokoso nkhondo zaka

Maseŵeralo m'bwalomo Amabweretsa amisiri a mtundu wanyimbo makhalidwe iliyonse monga mphamvu ndi kupirira, kulimba mtima ndiponso khama kukwaniritsa cholinga. Onse a iwo anasonyeza mavuto nkhondo. Polimbana Chernyakhovsky osati amangotchula anafotokoza maseŵeralo ojambula zithunzi ngati khalidwe anthu zitsulo.

Soviet ochitira zionetsero pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zinawonongeka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mabomba pa, nyumba zambiri zinawonongedwa, koma ngakhale mu zaka ovuta kwambiri a nkhondo, boma la Soviet anali wosamala kuthandiza luso maseŵeralo.
Khalani ndege, paratroopers, sappers, gunners mwini m'bwalomo. Pa tsiku lachiwiri la nkhondo gulu la okwera, kutsogozedwa ndi M. Tuganova, pamodzi ndi akavalo analowa apakavalo Corps Dovatora. The ojambula zithunzi otsala anapitiriza zisudzo ndi magulu luso anapereka konsati pa mzere kutsogolo ndi Zipatalazo chipatala, pa siteshoni za sitima ndi asilikali. Popular anali ngati asilikali ndi ogwira ntchito manambala satirical kuti anasonyeza Soviet maseŵeralo chisudzo Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (Pensulo), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

Ambiri aluso anamwalira kutsogolo, ndi amene anapulumuka mu zaka pambuyo nkhondo, pamodzi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito achinyamata anayamba kubwezeretsa ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso masewera aja, kenako anazindikira kwambiri mu dziko.