St. Andrew Cathedral mu Kronstadt: mbiri, zithunzi

Tikupereka inu kuti kudziwana ndi mipingo yotchuka kwambiri Russian ndi mbiri chidwi kwambiri. Cathedral St. Andrew mu Kronstadt - ichi maloto zosakwanira a Peter I. mfumu anaona likulu Russian "ngati Amsterdam." likulu lake inali pa Vasilyevsky Island.

Lingaliro la Peter Wamkulu

Kuyambira 1716 mpaka 1718 mu mawu a chitukuko mzinda kumatanthauza malo, kumene iye anali kukhala mu Cathedral St. Andrew mu Kronstadt. Iwo amayenera kumanga kutsogolo kwa makoleji khumi ndi awiriwo. Moyo wa m'tsogolo wa bungwe limeneli Choncho anamuwona monga likulu la kusintha nthawi ya Petro, lomwe kudziika kulolera zipembedzo. Choncho, Cathedral St. Andrew mu Kronstadt cholinga chake chinali kugwirizanitsa osati anthu a dziko lathu: Orthodox, Akatolika, Achilutera, - komanso alendo mu akuchita limodzi popanda malire, gulu la Akhristu. Kumangidwa kwa mphamvu yake yolembedwa waonetsa mgwirizano wa Ulaya Mkhristu ndi boma la Russia.

Komabe, zinthu zimene boma ndi anthu otchuka kuyala Cathedral wa Peter ine pachabe. Pamaso pa mwala woyamba anauika maziko ake, panapita zaka makumi atatu.

Vasilevsky Island mpaka 1719

Pa Vasilevsky Island mpaka 1719 analipo pafupifupi munthu nyumba, kupatulapo zipinda za Menshikov ndi mpingo matabwa nawo, komanso kuthetsa French, limene anthu osema alendo. Pambuyo 1719 anayamba inamangidwa ndi mitengo ndi miyala nyumba ya dongosolo munakonda Peter I.

Yambani ntchito yomanga chilumbacho

Ntchito yomanga nyumba, adzasauka zofunika kwambiri boma malo (matabwa), inayamba mu 1722. Pano, pa lalikulu kutsogolo kwa iwo, Mfumu anatsimikiza malo tsogolo la mpingo.

Catherine, mkazi wa Peter, kuti akulowa ufumu atamwalira, zolinga za mkazi wakufa kwathunthu. Pa Vasilyevsky Island ndi nthawi midadada kwa njira tsogolo ndi misewu kale sakudziwika. Popeza kufunika yomanga tchalitchi amene anakhala pa chisumbu, izo analandira kusankha kusintha malo a zomangamanga m'tsogolo. Iwo anali anapereka pa ngodya ya mizere 6 ndi Bolshoy Chiyembekezo, umene uyenera kukhala mwala mpingo ndi nthawi. Koma choyamba, tinayamba ntchito yomanga matabwa, osakhalitsa.

Mpingo woyamba

Bookmark nyumbayi mu 1728 inatha. Yomanga inatha mu 1731. Iyo inali imodzi-storey wodzichepetsa mpingo, amene mazenera anayang'ana pa Grand Avenue. wolemba ntchito ndi osadziwika, koma wina akhoza kuganiza kuti zinali George. Trezzini.

Mu 1732, 8 October, Feofan Prokopovich ali wodzipereka mpingo watsopano mu dzina la Andreya Pervozvannogo. Atsogoleri anali ochokera ansembe atatu. Anthu a Vasilyevsky Island mu November 1733 Anthu amaganiza kuti lamulo la Board Zauzimu za Mpingo St. Andrew. Iwo anachezeredwa ndi nkhope ambiri otchuka wa St. Petersburg, izo ngakhale zili ndi malo achifumu. Pa mapemphero wapadera unachitikira July 30, 1745, izo analumbira Trediakovskii Lomonosov. mpingo uwu unali pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya banja la mfumu. Anna Ivanovna anakonda ulendo. Iye anapereka ndalama ziwiya ndi zovala. A manda wamng'ono anali pafupi ndi mpingo. Apa, malingana ndi mwambo, anaikidwa BF Dolgoruky, Kazembe, mmodzi wa anzake a Peter.

Kumangidwa kwa mpingo watsopano mwala

Chipembedzowo mu 1740 anatembenukira kwa Anne Ioannovne ndipo ndinamuuza kuti amange mpingo pafupi ndi mwala. mzinda anamanganso Commission April 5, 1740 chilolezo Kumangidwa kwa latsopano nyumba mwala, tsopano usavutike (mu chakale kunali kuzizira kwambiri). Kale mu chaka chomwecho, pa April 21 anapereka dongosolo. Mlembi wa ntchito chimenechi sanaidziwe, koma wamanga O. P. Trezini May 29 adafotokozera gulu Zauzimu nyumba adzakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wake.

The Synod Woyera wa June 2, 1740 chilolezo zomangamanga, ponena kuti chisankho pa dzina adzakhala pambuyo yomanga. Pa ntchito yomanga tchalitchi patapita kanthawi tinapatsidwa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, misomali ndi laimu, amene anatsalira kukonza nyumba St. Petersburg, kumene anakhala kazembe Persian limodzi ndi gulu la nduna zake.

Mu 1760, pa 17 October, kumene anamanga mwala mpingo ndi mbaula Kutentha anali opatulidwira ku dzina la Hierarchs atatu. Cathedral St. Andrew mu Kronstadt lili pakhomo pafupi ndi nyumbayo, mu mpanda kumanja kwa izo. Mpingo Watsopano unali mwala yosanjikizana dongosolo, amakona anayi mu dongosolo, pa chapansi slab. Ng'oma ndi ang'ono, octagonal, simenti anapangidwa ndi arches mwala wa Nkhondo za Mtanda. Amapita ku mpingo kunyumba ya Menshikov iconostasis pamalo ake anaima mpaka 1827, kenako m'malo ndi wina watsopano umene anapereka ku nyumba mpingo Titova, Major-General. Mu msonkhano FA Verkhovtseva kudziwika jeweler, anali chopangidwa mu 1861 poods wa zovala siliva, anafuna kuti guwa mkulu. Kalvare fano ndi mitanda zitatu chokongoletsedwa ndi izo.

10 mabelu anaikidwa pa awiri gawo belu nsanja ya tchalitchi chatsopano. Iwo ali wotchuka chifukwa mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa awo wokongola. Polyeleos ndi kuuka kwa Akufa - wamkulu. The Cathedral anatchuka chifukwa iconostasis ake chosema matabwa kalembedwe Baroque nayenso. Mwatsoka, wojambula amene analemba chizindikiro cha Mpulumutsi (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo ndi Ioanna Zlatousta), komanso amakhalabe osadziwika.

Mwambo kuika mpingo mwala wa St. Andrew

Great tsoka chinachitika mu 1763, 4 July. Mpingo matabwa St. Andrew pa mphezi zidawala. Iye analephera kuteteza ndi moto. Synod analoledwa kumanga 6 October m'malo yopsereza matabwa nyumba mwala Kronstadt St. Andrew Cathedral. Mbiri mwatsatanetsatane pomanga nyumba imeneyi ndi belu nsanja ndi mitu isanu, mwatsoka, sakudziwika. Mu 1764, July 18, panali kuika mwambo wa tchalitchi (m'munsimu amapereka chithunzi cha iye).

Cathedral St. Andrew mu Kronstadt lero akuwoneka mwanjira imeneyo. A. I. Petrov, St. Petersburg mbiri ananena m'buku lake lotchedwa "History wa St. Petersburg" Alexei Ivanov anali mlembi wa polojekiti. Komabe, ichi sichinasinthidwe anatsimikizira. Bwino anamvetsa zojambulidwa mbiri ndi ntchito yomanga tchalitchi, koma amadziwika kuti 1766, August 8, mkati mpingo pa ntchito anakomoka mzikiti. Wazomangamanga AF kundiyenera, wolemba wa polojekiti, iye anali atamangidwa. Kunapezeka kuti kugwa anachititsa musalakwitse wa mwini, ndi osauka khalidwe la zipangizo ku zimene tchalitchi inatha. mabuku aboma ndi zampingo, tsiku lenileni litamalizidwa si ananenera, koma pa nyumbayi mu 1950 anaikidwa chikwangwani cha chikumbutso, chimene, linamangidwa mu zaka 1764-1780 (wamanga - Wiest).

chigumula

Chitatha chigumula chinachitika mu 1824, m'phanga Cathedral anadzazidwa ndi madzi. Atsogoleri achipembedzo analamula iye kugona kupewa zotheka osefukira m'tsogolo ndi kutseka pakhomo kale m'chipinda chotetezeka Iye munthu wogontha.

maguwa mwala

March 10, 1848 anaganiza angagwirizanitse mbali zonse za maguwa tchalitchi mwala. Zikutanthauza kuti iwo anasonkhana ku molimba mtima. Project wazomangamanga - H. Comb. Chapel ya kumanja anali mu dzina la Mfundo za Lady athu, ndi lamanzere - m'dzina la H. Myra. Iwo anaikidwa mu 1848, pa July 31 ndi kuyeretsedwa mu zaka ziwiri pa 15 October. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ankawoneka ngati, monga tikuonera chithunzi, Cathedral St. Andrew (Kronstadt).

Mpingo kukhala wamkulu

Likuvutika amalonda chipembedzowo AI Timenkova ndi V. A. Frolova mu 1850, machaputala asanu a pa tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja anali gilded wokutidwa ndi hardware latsopano. Mkati chokongoletsera adasanduzika 1858. Izo zinali ndiye kachiwiri anaphedwa kupenta pa arches ndi makoma, redid ndi iconostasis, gilded chokongoletsera pa arches ndi anawasema. Atatu-tiered iconostasis anapanga, losema, gilded. Fortini mafano a tiers wachiwiri ndi wachitatu anali penti ndi wojambula Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov analemba awiri mu gawo loyamba.

Pamodzi ndi bungwe fanizo moyo inamangidwa m'bwalo la nyumba mwala. Iye anali mpaka 1826 yaing'ono, yosanjikizana. Pa ndalama mpingo mu 1826 kumanga pansi chachitatu.

A moto mu 1897

Mu 1897, July 24, pa teni koloko usiku, pachilumbachi ankaoneka kuwala silamphamvu. Mfundo yakuti umaunikira St. Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt). Ku kachisi anathamangira makamu, pali mbali yosiyana ankathamanga brigades moto. Amalima gilding wa domes pa kukonza lotsatira. Mu kumtunda chifukwa chosadziwika anagwira moto kuzungulira mzikiti a tchalitchi ndi matabwa matabwa. Kudzera mwa khama la firefighters wolimba ndi iwo anagwetsa, koma gawo la denga pa nthawi yomweyo zowawa.

Tsogolo la Cathedral wa St. Andrew zaka Soviet

Mu 1918, pa January 23 analengeza lamulo SNK, chimene mpingo analekana ndi boma. Iwo anali kunena kuti chipembedzo ndi mpingo moyo sangathe katundu. katundu wawo onse anatsimikizidwa chuma cha dziko. Mpingo anataya kukopa kwake pa mitima ndi maganizo a achinyamata, akutsatiridwa kwa zaka zambiri, kuyambira, malinga ndi lamulo ili sukulu anapatulidwa kuchokera ku mpingo.

Pambuyo madera angapo a dziko (koposa zonse - dera Volga) munayamba chilala kwambiri kuti waika mamiliyoni a anthu padziko anangotsala pang'ono njala, Soviet boma February 23, 1922 inaika lamulo. idzapereka chuma chonse mpingo analangizidwa kuti awatenge akachisi kuti ntchito ndi boma kugula mbewu kunja.

mfundo zonse Andrew Cathedral analandidwa mu March 1922. Komanso, ena mwa ansembe, amene ankatsutsa icho, anamangidwa ndi mlandu.

Anthu achangu pa chiyambi cha 1938, anamangidwa ndi NKVD, kenako kusamutsidwa kwa Levashovsky bwinja lokhalokha. Kumeneko anawomberedwa. Cathedral Kronstadt St. Andrew, chithunzi chimene anapereka mu pepala ili, chinatsekedwa May 16, 1938. Chipembedzowo anakwanitsa kukwera mmwamba iconostasis plywood ndi matabwa. Chifukwa cha ichi umapulumuka lero chidina imeneyi, yomwe ali ndi maganizo amanyadira Kronstadt. Cathedral St. Andrew, amene anali kusungidwa tsopano kowonera zakale zosonkhanitsira, anausiya kwa zaka zambiri ndi Institute of Anthropology ndi Ethnography. A atatu-storey nyumba, umene mpaka 1974 anali anthu ana a ansembe, anali atabwerera.

sanamwalire mpingo

Mpingo wa Hierarchs atatu kunali pakubwera July 15, 1991. Iye anasamutsidwa ku mudzi wa Cathedral St. Andrew chigulitsire. Ntchito yobwezeretsa inayamba mu 1994, ndi lero St. Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt) limzake. Adasanduka mitanda pa belfry ndi mzikiti, m'malo denga, komanso kukonza wapangidwa. Zitsulo zovala anagulidwa kwa guwa ndi mpando wachifumu, komanso zithunzi zambiri komanso mbale mpingo.

Location ndi ndandanda ya ntchito

Today mpingo ukugwirira ntchito. Aliyense akhoza kukaona Cathedral wa St. Andrew mu Kronstadt. Address: Vasilevsky Island, mzere wa 6, 11. maola Oyamba: tsiku lililonse 9 m'mawa mpaka 7 koloko madzulo. Patsiku, mukhoza kubwera ku msonkhano mu St. Andrew Cathedral (Kronstadt). Ndandanda wa ntchito motere: mapemphero unachitikira pa 10 am, kuvomereza - pa 9:30, utumiki madzulo umachitika pa 17 koloko.