Phatikizani pokolola: Akale ndi Ano

Mu ulimi imagwiritsa ntchito makina ambiri kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito lonse ndi yopapatiza. Komanso mitundu ina akugwira ntchito chaka chonse, pamene ena nthawi zambiri atangoyima pa hangars. Koma popanda munthu kapena njira zina sangachite alimi. Mwachitsanzo, mu kukolola pa munda mutha kuona kuphatikiza pokolola, lomwe masiku ano zimatengera ntchito dazeni haymakers. Ndipo zovuta kukolola makina, zomwe mtsinje mosalekeza ndi kuchita ntchito zingapo. Pokolola mabala dzinthu, Nawalanditsa iwo kuti limagwirira chopunthira ndi tirigu makutu NYEMBA. Ndiye amalekanitsa izo kwa udzu ndi zinyalala zina nawatengera ku hopper lapansi. Ndipo chifukwa nthawi kapena mosalekeza umakaniko mnzanuyo akuyamba kukuuzani tirigu mu mayendedwe wina.

Mfundo za kuphatikiza pokolola m'malo makina atatu chabe losavuta - wokolola, thresher ndi winnower. Ndipo n'zotheka kuti apachike zigawo zina kuti amakulolani kuchotsa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. The US ali kunyumba kwa chozizwitsa cha luso. Back mu 1828, inventor S. Lane setifiketi zovuta kuphatikiza makina yokolola mbewu tirigu. Iye anali kudula monga chimanga, kupuntha mbewu, ndipo mankhusu chimanga. Koma anali amangidwe. Ndipo mu 1836, woyamba awiri ku America omwewa wokwera chinachake ngati kuphatikiza pokolola. Iye anali ngati ngolo 4-matayala. A galimoto kasinthasintha wa kudula wagawo ndi kupuntha ng'oma zida ikuchitika ndi chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo.

Koma kuphatikiza amapanga akufanana ndi zitsanzo ano, anatha kuipeza oyambitsa zina 1836 awiri - J. Hascall ndi H. Moore. Ndipo makina kale mu 1854 anachotsa maekala 600 a chimanga. Kenako kuphatikiza pokolola kunadetsa angwiro pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha sayansi. Ndipo mu Russia woyamba makina amenewa, chopangidwa ndi Holt, anabweretsa 1913. Ndi matabwa dongosolo crawler. Iye anali ndi injini mafuta, chomwenso ndi zoyendetsedwa njira kukolola ndi kayendedwe. Koma kutsatira purosesa uyu analibe nthawi, chifukwa posachedwapa, nkhondo inayamba.

Ndipo pamene Soviet Union kwa Chili kachiwiri. Poyamba zinkachokera ku United States, mu kufanana kukhazikitsa ulimi wake. Ndipo woyamba kuphatikiza pokolola, zomwe zinagwirizana kuti mtengo wa ntchito ya anthu ambiri anasiya mu 1930 kunja kwa chipata cha Zaporozhye "Kommunar" mbewu. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale kale anamasulidwa 347 makina amenewa. Patapita chaka chimodzi, a Rostov mbewu "Rostselmash" anayamba kutulutsa wotchuka "Stalinists." Mu 1932, likuchita Chili unakhazikitsidwa Saratov fakitale dzina lake Shelbodaeva. zitsanzo izi anali opanda ungwiro, koma iwo anathandiza m'mudzimo bwinobwino. Ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo mu Soviet Union ikuchitika kufufuza kwambiri, zomwe zinachititsa chitsanzo SC-5 ndi SC-6. Kenaka mu 1970 Taganrog zomera anayamba kubala Phatikizani Wokolola "Khutu" kapena luso ndi ndani-6-ll, ndi Rostselmash - "Field" luso ndi ndani-5.

Ndipo makina amenewa kwa nthawi yaitali furrowed minda ya Soviet Union, ndipo limati ndiye palokha. Ndipo tsopano iwo m'malo mwa zitsanzo atsopano monga kuphatikiza pokolola "Polesie" GLC-812-16. Izi yaying'ono manoeuvrable makina amene ali bandiwifi wa makilogalamu oposa 8 / s. Iwo akhoza kumupatsa paola matani oposa 12 tirigu. Galimoto wa mtundu wa kukolola zimene kale mofala. Iwo ali amodzi kupuntha ng'oma, beater ndi udzu choyendera. Ndi mbali ya "Polesie" kuphatikiza pokolola zikuphatikizapo tirigu CSL 6-5 ndi injini thresher chitsanzo KPC-8-0100000.