Kodi ndi mmene kukula mphodza? Makamaka kulima mphodza. katundu mphodza

Mphodza - chomera n'zosadabwitsa wapatali ya banja lalikulu la nyemba. Ake odziwika mu dziko lathu, ndi otchuka kunja. Monga mphodza kukula, kodi makhalidwe a kulima ake, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Kufotokozera chikhalidwe

Mphodza ndi pachaka herbaceous zomera, amene kutalika ukufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Chitsamba si waukulu. zimayambira ake ndi mawonekedwe anayi, yokhala ndi pabuka kulocha. Iwo ali chilili kapena sangagone, malinga zosiyanasiyana ndi. Utali wonse wa umatheka ndi downy tsitsi kukula yaing'ono ndi kuwumitsa sing'anga.

Mu mphodza pawiri masamba ndi dongosolo paripinnate. Petiole m'tsinde mwa tendril, amene nthambi kapena molunjika. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a stipules zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mphodza zosiyana. Short maluwa mapesi mmodzi kapena ochepa maluwa ang'onoang'ono zooneka ngati agulugufe. Nthawi zambiri, ndi pamakhala mwayera, koma pali buluu buluu kapena violet buluu.

Nthawi zomera imasiyana malingana zosiyanasiyana ndi, nyengo ndi nthaka. nthawi yake kukhala pakati pa miyezi iwiri ndi theka anayi. Mpaka nthawi ya maluwa, kumene kumachitika pa mapeto a May - chiyambi cha June, kukula pang'onopang'ono. Pamene maluwa adzawonekera (masabata asanu pambuyo zikamera), kukula ndi nthambi chitsamba zolimira.

zipatso Mbali

nyemba ichi, kukhwima mu chisa chimodzi ndi zitseko ziwiri. Iwo elongated, ali diamondi mawonekedwe ndi chizolowezi osokoneza pamene perezreet. Zipatso pang'ono, kwa wina ndi zidutswa zitatu. Iwo chonse kapena flattened mawonekedwe ndi kukula yaing'ono, mpaka masentimita awiri m'litali.

zipatso kubwera mu wachikasu, wofiira, wobiriwira, pinki, zofiirira, imvi, wakuda, lili ndi nsangalabwi kapena zojambula mabanga.

Mphodza mu Russia

Mu dziko lathu chikhalidwe ichi kale kudziwika, zaka mazana asanu zapitazo. M'masiku amenewo kulima mphodza mu Russia zinachitikadi m'chigwa Russian. Monga monga chimanga anali ndi mtengo wapatali. Kodi ilo limakula mphodza mu Russia? M'zaka zapitazi malo kukula mu dziko anali wakuda zigawo dziko ya dera Volga ndi Urals. Mphodza zolimidwa ku North Caucasus ndi Ukraine.

Iye ankatchedwa nandolo Crane, ndipo sochevitsey, Vichka, lyashtoy. Mphodza ntchito kuphika chakudya, kuphika phala ndi msuzi. Kuyambira zinandipangitsa sausages ndi maswiti. Panopa, mphodza kukula mu Russia m'dera Volga, Central Black Lapansi m'chigawo cha dziko, mu madera aang'onoang'ono Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvashia, zigawo kumadzulo kwa Siberia.

Features wa kulima

Nyemba adzakusonyezani makhalidwe awo abwino ndi zotsatirazi mbali ya kulima mphodza:

• Pakuti kukula kwa zomera, zipatso mapangidwe ndi kupeza mkulu zokolola ayenera kuonedwa mbali yofunika. Zinthu mphodza kukula wotere kuti pamafunika zambiri kuwala kwa nthawi yaitali kukula bwinobwino. Kuwala tsiku nthawi, ngakhale khumi maola sankasangalala zosowa zake. Chomera adzafooka, zipatso si kucha, zokolola za amachepetsa.
• Chinthu china ndi kupereka zomera ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha kuyambira chiyambi cha nyengo kukula. Kenako mphodza bwinobwino kupirira chilala.

• Mbeu akhoza kumera mu nthaka, analimbikitsa digiri zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi basi Celsius. Izi akuti ndi kutentha otsika.
• Kodi limakula mphodza? chikhalidwe simungathe kukula pa dothi ting'onoting'ono basi ndi chonde otsika.
• Pamene kukula mphodza? Nthawi yomweyo mutabzala, kukula mphodza pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chopweteka kwambiri sangalekerere namsongole oyandikana nawo. Choncho, nthawi imeneyi ayenera kusamala makamaka kulimira mabedi.
• pa mizu ya kudzikundikira asafe, zomwe zimachititsa nthaka yachonde. Pachifukwa ichi, nyemba zonse ndi mphodza makamaka chidwi ulimi.
• zipatso akhoza kudya mawonekedwe zosapsa, ngakhale tastier.

nthaka

Kodi limakula mphodza? Izo wakonda nthaka mchenga kapena loam friable nthaka. Posowa chilengedwe nthaka ntchito dothi lolemera, mwachionekere akudalira zokolola osauka. Ngati dothi kwambiri acidified, pofuna iwo kapena kudzala mbewu laimu m'madera kale zocitikazo chimanga, yozizira tirigu kapena mbatata. Akuti abwino kuwala dothi ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Mphodza limakula bwino pa dothi ndi asidi wambiri ndipo swamping.

Kodi manyowa?

Odza mphodza kulima mu dziko. Pambuyo kusankha ikamatera malo muyenera manyowa munthaka, inuso nyemba anakula bwino ndipo anapereka zokolola. Pamene kukula mphodza? Kukula yachibadwa m'chaka pamaso kubzala ndi kugwa pa kofunika kukumba manyowa nthaka kusintha chonde ake. Abwino feteleza pawiri ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Per m'dera mita lalikulu akukwana magalamu makumi asanu.

Mukhoza kupanga feteleza ena. Pamene kukula mphodza? Pali zabwino kukula ndi mkulu zokolola, ngati pa nthawi kukumba mabedi mu kugwa kupanga superphosphate ndi mchere potaziyamu kuchuluka kwa magalamu 20-50, ndipo 10-30, motero. M'chaka nthaka limayenda ndi nitrate ammonium: magalamu 10-30 pa mita lalikulu.

kufesa mbewu

Chodzala nyemba akuyamba oyambirira, chifukwa ndi zofunika kuti nthaka kusunga chinyezi anasonkhanitsa, mwinamwake zomera adzaphuka ina. M'nthaka okonzeka kupanga mizere yopapatiza, masentimita makumi awiri Chrixitu. Mphodza mbewu nthawi zonse wandiweyani. Mbewu m'manda akuya nthaka, atatu okha - masentimita asanu. Iwo ali wamfupi. Ngakhale mu ngolo zidutswa pang'ono, mbewu pansi ndi zofesedwa aliyense payekha, aliyense pa mtunda wa khumi - fifitini masentimita popanda. zigawo zozama nthaka, pa mbewu ayenera konzekera kuti kutentha atatu kapena anayi madigiri Celsius. Kuti wakhala mphukira mwamtendere, yokutidwa ndi mbande nthaka kamukamu kwa kucheza kwambiri ndi nthaka.

chisamaliro

mphodza kulima luso amapereka miyeso ambiri luso, mmodzi amene ndi chisamaliro. legume Izi - undemanding chomera. Pamene kukula mphodza, mu chithunzi chikuoneka bwinobwino. Iye anamufotokozera kulekerera chilala ndi frosts pang'ono. Koma mu miyezi sikisi mutabzala ayenera nthawi zonse (tsiku) kuthirira nthaka pofuna kuti atayanika kunja.

Chinyezi zingamuthandize kukula kwa zomera zonse, koma mu nthawi ino, makamaka mizu. Pamene iwo kwambiri ndi kubudula mphamvu, kuchepetsa kuthirira kuti kawiri kapena katatu pa mlungu. Ngati kwambiri namsongole m'munda, iwo ayenera Kupalira pakati pa mizere ndi tchire, mwinamwake iwo tisiye mphodza, ndipo iye akhoza kufa.

kukolola

nyemba kusasitsa ndi m'goli: ndi makoko m'munsi zipse pamaso pamwamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo anasonkhana ndi mbali ziwiri: woyamba - pamene nyemba zonse zapsa, ena kuposa amene kukula mu kumtunda kwa tsinde la, wachiwiri - komaliza kuyeretsa pamene zapsa nyemba mu mbewu. zipatso ndi wabwino - musati osokoneza.

Anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito m'munda molakwa kuti kuyeretsa akhoza kudikirira. misperception izi. Pamisinkhu kutsogoloku kukolola zipatso nawobe maonekedwe, koma kutaya makhalidwe awo abwino. zitheba limasonyeza mphodza mkulu khalidwe, pamene overripe zipatso, anasintha ndi mtundu bulauni.

Kodi kumera mphodza?

ndondomeko ndi losavuta. Choyamba nyemba ayenera kuthira madzi otentha. Izi yotithandiza kukula. Thiraninso madzi eyiti - maola khumi ndi zinayi. Patapita nthawi imeneyi nyemba osambitsidwa ndi anaika mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Top okutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo gauze ndi kuikidwa mu mdima. Ndi mu chipinda kukhala ofunda kwambiri. Tsiku lililonse, kawiri anatsuka mphodza. Zikumera zimere mwamsanga. Pamene kutalika kwake ndi imodzi kapena ziwiri masentimita, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyemba zikumera asungidwe mu firiji kwa masiku asanu, panonso.

mankhwala

Mphodza akhala ntchito zolinga mankhwala. Iwo ali zotsatirazi mankhwala:

• Kukula mu zinthu zonse, mphodza kuwasiyanitsa chifukwa analibe ku feteleza, radionuclides ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni kuti amatha kusunga iwo.
• zipatso zake kuthandiza kulimbikitsa minofu mtima, normalizes ndondomeko hematopoiesis.
• Zonse kumwa mbale ya mphodza Sachita shuga. Ndi bwino kuti monga mu zakudya kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga.
• Mu chapamimba chilonda ndi matenda a m'matumbo wodwala Kwalamulidwa kudya zakudya zapadera, lomwe dongosolo zikuphatikizapo maphunziro yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zochokera mphodza.
• Pa kapangidwe ake, ngakhale pambuyo chithandizo ndi kutentha, zimasungika zinthu zofunika - isoflavones amene amathandiza umoyo wa amayi. Iwo kukumanizana chifuwa maselo a khansa, musataye kufalikira kwa chotupa cha.
• Anthu amene amagwiritsa mphodza, sakhala sachedwa matenda a mtima ndi matenda oopsa.

zakudya mtengo

Zakudya ndi kuchiritsa makhalidwe mphodza akhala akukonda Europe, kumene unafalikira zigawo kum'mawa, amene ayamba otchuka. The zakudya mtengo wa zipatso legume ali motere:

• Mphodza ndinazolowera kwa kuzindikira thupi la munthu. Bwino digested ndi odzipereka. mapulotini zovuta ndi chakudya mu zikuchokera mphodza kukhutitsa thupi, kumva njala Mwamsanga kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale magalamu zana la mankhwala lili zopatsa mphamvu osachepera mazana atatu.
• Chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa mapulotini mosavuta digested, nyemba m'malo nyama. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa chakudya chakudya. A pang'ono nyemba patsiku angathe kukwaniritsa akufunika ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali ngati kupatsidwa folic acid.
• The mphodza pang'ono mafuta magalamu zana nkhani mankhwala chabe galamu imodzi ya izo. mafuta Izi si kuwonjezera kulemera kwa thupi, koma kumverera kwa satiety, thanzi ndi kukongola kupereka.

• Mphodza osiyana zili pafupifupi zinthu zonse mankhwala tebulo nthawi, muli mavitamini a magulu osiyana. Akukhulupirira kuti chokoleti yekha lili serotonin. Izi si choncho. A ambiri mphodza kumaphatikizapo kwa amino asidi tryptophan. thupi ndi kutembenuka ake mu serotonin wotchedwa "vitamini chimwemwe." Ndipo kumanja: maganizo amakhala wolimba, munthu ali ndi kupirira nkhawa, nthawi maganizo a pansi.

zoipa mphodza

Mosakayikira, nyemba ndi unyinji wa katundu wofunika zakudya ndi mankhwala. Koma iwo kuipa. Kodi kusiya kudya mphodza kwa anthu odwala matenda monga gout, uric asidi diathesis, kusokonezeka kwa mtima ndi matenda a mtima, matenda zimfundo ndi kapepala mkodzo, onenepa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Mphodza, monga mbewu zina zambiri, umamumvera tizirombo ndi matenda. Nyemba ndi kuswana pansi mphodza weevil, cutworms ndi webworm. Chomera ali chitetezo chokwanira ofooka. Odwala Fusarium askohitozom ndi dzimbiri.

Malangizo

Amene zikugwira kulima masamba, kuphatikizapo mphodza, chidutswa chirichonse cha malangizo adzapindula.

• Pa kufesa mbewu zofunika muziyendayenda makama. Pofuna kusiya kuda kwambiri pansi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi. Iwo anayikidwa mwachindunji pansi. Iwo samangokhala kuteteza nthaka lotayirira, koma mofanana izo kuponda pansi, kuonetsetsa kukhudzana pafupi ndi mbewu.
• Zipatso kumera bwino titanyowa kwa masiku awiri mu njira mwapadera okonzeka. The madzi anaikidwa miyala angapo pakachitsulo ndi kunena pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
• Kwa nyemba anasonkhana akuthamangira chitakonzedwa, nyemba ankaziyanika padzuwa, kuika mu thumba ndi kukokolola. Zipatso nthawi yomweyo anamasulidwa ku nyemba.

ntchito

Mphodza ntchito makampani chakudya. Limafotokoza opangidwa therefrom purees ndi soups. Nyemba kuphika mbale choyamba, phala, anakonza saladi Mphodza iwo, ntchito osakaniza ndi timbewu tonunkhira, ndi zokometsera zina. Makamaka anayamikira zikumera zipatso wolemera mu kupatsidwa folic acid.