Stock Market - izi ndi ... The Russian katundu msika. The US malonda akhalire

Mbiri ya zikamera wa msika wogulitsa wanyanya kumbuyo zakale. Kale m'zaka 13-14 anali yogwira msika promissory zolemba ndi fairs nthawi. Amalimbikitsa ngati zinachitika la masiku sheya msika. Opaleshoni yoyamba ikuchitika ndi sheya anatenga malo m'zaka za m'ma 16, izo zinaliri apo, ndipo anayamba kuoneka kuwombola yoyamba Lyon ndi Antwerp. Katundu wamalonda ndi malonda akhalire m'njira zamakono unakhazikitsidwa m'ma 16 mochedwa, limodzi ndi zikamera wa makampani olowa katundu.

Ulendowu mu mbiriyakale ndipo ankadziwa mfundo malonda akhalire

The wamkulu ndi katundu kuzizira Amsterdam, amene anayamba ntchito mwamsanga 1611. Kuti wakhala malo oyamba kumene mmphepete kuchita opaleshoni komanso mwachangu wotuluka REPO ndi kudzilimbitsa. N'kufika citukuko ca malonda akhalire mayiko kutsegula kwa katundu kuwombola ku New York. Ndi nthawi yoyamba anali yapangidwa ndi anadzetsa pa moyo wa yoyamba m'mbiri ya galimoto ndalama. Anakhala maziko mapangidwe Mipikisano biliyoni dollar ufumu ndalama, makamaka Rockefeller.

Malonda akhalire - ndi gawo la msika likulu akhoza kusintha, kupereka mwayi kusinthanitsa sheya osati msika katundu, komanso pa kauntala. Choncho, mfundo "malonda akhalire" ndi "malonda akhalire" ndi yaikulu ali ofanana. The padziko lonse katundu msika - ya misika ya mayiko onse, omwe Integrated mu amodzi limodzi ndi kulola mpheto kwa masheya ndalama. Ndizachidziwikire kuti mayiko malonda akhalire kanthu koma monga mbali ya msika likulu la dziko lonse, amene ali tandem ndi ndalama msika Ndipotu, ndi chuma padziko lonse.

Amene amatenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa msika ndi zimene ntchito izo imachitika

World katundu msika igwera mu gulu la nyumba supranational. Iwo Integrated misika katundu wa limati dziko. Pa nthawi imene misika zoweta monga gulu kuchita munthu aliyense thupi kapena malamulo, pa m'bwalolo mayiko monga amalonda anakaonekera boma. Access nsanja pafupifupi onse a zachuma padziko lonse, ndi malo malo awo sikumangotikhudza chakuti basi zimapangitsa msika ndi padziko lonse, ndipo konsekonse.

Katundu msika - ndi ena muyeso tandem-banki mabungwe a zachuma. makampani Izi Trans-mitundu ndi mayiko kuphana katundu ndi nyumba ziwongola dzanja zaogulitsa, ndipo bongo, ndi mabungwe ndi ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. Mu msika wa moyo nawo ndi mabungwe monga mabanki, mabungwe inshuwalansi ya zachuma poyera kuti zingakhudzire kayendedwe msika. wotuluka onse mkati msika, angathe kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu awiri. mwai malonda ndi midzi pakati pa zipani pa ntchito katundu ndi matanthauzo. mpheto ndalama otaya likulu pakati pa zigawo zosiyana za chuma.

Market Share: pulayimale ndi sekondale msika

Stock msika sheya angatchedwe bungwe kapena limagwirira amene amapereka chimango kwa mgwirizano pakati pa ogula, amene onyamula a anthu, ndi ogulitsa, mu mphamvu zawo monga wosamalira wa makhalidwe abwino. Malonda akhalire akhoza kugawidwa mu pulayimale ndi sekondale. Aliyense subtype wa Institute akuchita mndandanda bwino ntchito.

msika chachikulu

msika chachikulu - msika m'matangadza ndi maunyolo, mgwirizano yochepa ya boma ndi mtundu wa boma chomangira ngongole, boma ngongole. Lingaliro zikuphatikizapo msika ndalama zomangira boma ndi ngongole chuma, satifiketi golide zida ndalama. Malinga ndi malamulo, msika chachikulu limanenedwa ngati chibwenzi anapanga pa nkhani ku mbali ya sheya ndalama kapena kukhazikitsa wotuluka boma ndi malamulo pakati pa anthu amene anatengedwa pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udindo pansi sheya, ndi ndalama, ophunzira akatswiri a makampani ndalama kapena owayimilira.

Msika chachikulu angatchedwe msika woyamba kapena kachiwiri nkhani ya sheya imene anazindikira Kugawilidwa kwanthaka yaikulu pakati ndalama. Information pa sheya ndi nkhani prospectuses, kulembetsa ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi matupi boma ndi kuphatikizapo kwathunthu lotseguka kwa ndalama, zimene zimathandiza ife kupanga zomveka ndipo anauza kusankha otsiriza.

Msika chachikulu kwake akamagwiritsa awiri. Izi Kusinthaku payekha, ndi anam'gulira wa masheya mosamalitsa okha chiwerengero cha ndalama kumatanthauza pasadakhale (nsembe sanali anthu), ndi nsembe ya onse, yomwe ikuchitika mwa kufalitsa kulengeza poyera (kuphatikizapo malonda a magawo kuti mopanda malire ndalama).

msika yachiwiri

Secondary ndalama ndi katundu msika zikuphatikizapo kuphana katundu ndi madipatimenti katundu wa kuphana chofunika, cholinga Pre-chikalata magawo ndi zida ndalama. Lingaliro ikukhudza mabwenzi amene anapanga ndi kasinthasintha kale chikalata monga mbali ya pulayimale sheya msika. Pa maziko a msika sekondale ndi ntchito kuti akugwirizana ndi kusokonekera kwa muzochitika za chikoka cha ndalama zakunja, ndi ena nkhambakamwa palimodzi.

msika Secondary wa masheya lagawidwa bungwe (kapena katundu) msika ndipo osati wa bungwe kapena OTC (msewu). Secondary malonda akhalire magawo amapereka khola kusasintha ziŵalo chuma kuti kuonjezera nchito zake. Ndi kuvomerezedwa kuti alipo sheya msika, komanso choyambirira. Mbali khalidwe la anayambitsa ndi liquidity, kukhala chida ndikukhazikitsa ntchito bwino ndi kutha kuyamwa wambirimbiri sheya mu nthawi yochepa. Pankhaniyi, kusinthasintha kukhala zonyozeka mlingo ndipo mtengo wa kukhazikitsa ndi kochepa. limagwirira ya malonda mu msika sekondale zipangitsa mtendere wa msika ndi kuchepetsa chabe.

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera malonda akhalire

Katundu msika - ndi chilengedwe dongosolo la zachuma lomwe lili zimakhudza M'madera ambiri a ntchito. Institute amakhudza ntchito mofanana ndi kwenikweni ake chophweka njira kupeza ndalama pa chitukuko ndi chuma cha achinyamata bungweli. Pamene kuyamba olimba amagulitsa magawo, gawo pa chuma, iye afika pa manja a likulu, omwe si koyenera kuti abwerere ndi amene sayenera kupereka chidwi, monga momwe zilili ndi ngongole ku banki. Magawo ali ankagulitsa ndalama osati pa liwiro mkulu, komanso ndi mapindu lalikulu.

Share mtengo, amene kunadetsa kupanga ophunzira msika wogulitsa ndi zimakhudza mwachindunji pa chuma n'kumaganiza chizindikiro cha maganizo chikhalidwe. An chuma chimene malonda akhalire osauka, ankaona kuti akutulukira, ndipo dziko - amphamvu ndi wotukuka. Malonda pa msika wogulitsa akutsegula yowoneka bwino moyenera kwa anthu wamba. Obetcha amene alibe zambiri likulu, akhoza kukhala eni magawo a mabungwe zikuluzikulu padzikoli ndi kulandira kwa iwo ndi ndalama khola m'tsogolo.

M'deralo malonda akhalire

The Russian katundu msika, mpaka posachedwapa, mu zaka zinayi zapitazi, anasonyeza kukula kugunda aukali, amene limatsindika udindo wake wamphamvu kwambiri chitukuko cha boma. Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko, msika kupambana kumbuyo udindo wa kufalitsa chuma m'dzikoli, koma lero cholinga chake chachikulu - chimakopa likulu zakunja chuma Russian. Pa mphindi, ndi capitalization a msika zoweta katundu ndi biliyoni 498 madola, mlandu 80 peresenti ya GDP la dzikolo.

Akatswiri anapereka Mapa kuti, ngakhale vutoli, mu 2015, msika capitalization udzakhala wautali mwa biliyoni 2.5-3. Ndipotu zinthu ali yekha anakula, ndi lonse katundu msika lero mtengo kuposa katundu Apple a. Statistical kusanthula amasonyeza kuti angathe chitukuko kuti Russian katundu pamsika alibe koma watopa. Chitukuko Institute ndi choyambilira kuonetsetsa mlingo mokwanira mkulu wa mpikisano mu nkhondo kwa chuma nkhani ya ndalama padziko lonse za momwe malonda akhalire lonse. Kukula kwa msika ndi chidwi anthu osati kokha, komanso makampani amene mukufuna kukopa ndalama ku nsinga.

M'deralo malonda akhalire mu 2015

Russia ndi katundu msika ali ndi mavuto aakulu kugwirizana ndi mavuto mu malamulo, ndi pamlingo wochepa wa ntchito Investor, ndi makampani unrated ndi kupanda chikhalidwe amapeza. Pankhaniyi, akuti dziko akatswiri Russian katundu msika pa nthawiyo ali m'gulu la koipa mu dziko, ngakhale lingathe wabwino. About Zimenezi umboni RTS dollar index, amene waponya ndi maperesenti oposa 50 kuyambira chiyambi cha 2014.

zinthu Choipa okha ku Ukraine, Portugal ndi Greece. Ruble mwadongosolo imafoola ndi dola. zizindikiro posachedwapa chitaikidwa pambuyo malonda m'munsimu mlingo wa 60 rubles, ndilo lalikulu intraday dontho kuyambira 1998. Inalimbikitsidwa kugwa kwa ndalama ya mawu Bank Central, limene linalengeza zanyengo chaka chonse, potengera mtengo mafuta a madola 60 pa mbiya, zomwe si zoona mwamtheradi. Makampani akusiya chidwi mu msika Russian, kumene munthu amasonyeza m'chigawo cha chuma.

Msika mbadwa ya America

Mosiyana ndi zimene zinachitikira ndi lero Russian katundu msika ndi mnzake ake American, amaona madzi ambiri m'dzikoli. Mkati mwake ali ankagulitsa masheya a makampani padziko lonse lapansi. Sizoti ndi makampani magawo ndi masheya a makampani akunja, komanso depositary malisiti, ndalama kusinthanitsa kugulitsana ndi zipangizo zina zambiri. American Stock Kusinthanitsa ku New York akutumikira monga nsanja wotuluka ndi sheya wachiwiri mlingo. Mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko, kuwombola zinakambidwa mu mtundu lalikulu pansi pa thambo lotseguka pa Wall Street, kumene amachita. Only kuyambira 1921 kugulitsa malo kwapita m'nyumba

Kuti athe aganyali mu US msika katundu, muyenera kutsegula akaunti ndi wogula lolunjika pa kupereka kwa amalonda ku Russia. Aliyense wogula ali akatswiri kuti ndikuuzeni atsopano zoyenera kuchita. Wogula mlingo wa msika wogulitsa amasonyeza kuti bwino kugwirizana ndi makampani monga Finam ndi "Capital Management", "Insta Trade" ndi United Anyakugulisa, aganyali nazo. Iwo osinthitsa, amene angapo a muyezo akhala kuzindikiridwa mabungwe yabwino monga odalirika kwambiri.

Features malonda pa American Stock Kusinthanitsa

Russia ndi katundu msika ndi mwapadera ku US, amene amasankha limatchula za malonda pa otsiriza. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti wotuluka mwa nsanja ali pakati obetcha lapansi. imfa inafikira si chofunika. Market ophunzira osati kuvomereza kapena kukana mtengo, angathe kupereka awo. Monga mbali ya kuwombola aliyense malonda afika kupeza mfundo, zomwe zikuphatikizapo osati mtengo tchati. malonda atha kuwunika voliyumu ya wotuluka, kuya msika, tepi ndi zipsera "imbelensy".

Stock Kusinthanitsa amapereka osiyanasiyana zida malonda, amene pali osachepera 6500 kuti basi amapereka kuthekera wapamwamba chifukwa woyenera chiopsezo osiyana. Malonda pa katundu kuwombola akhoza kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku, chiwerengero cha mafuko ndi mkulu, ndi kusankha chiŵerengero mulingo woyenera kwambiri chiopsezo ndi phindu mosavuta. Kuyamba mwachangu kusinthanitsa m'matangadza, muyenera gawo la madola osachepera chikwi. Companies kuti kupereka kuyambira $ 500, kupereka mawu akumane kwambiri pa malonda. Pa malonda nsanja uyenera kulipidwa payokha, koma phindu pa malonda ndi chidwi ndi wofunika zivute zitani.

The capitalization a msika US ndi lipange ambiri a madola, zomwe zimachititsa chidwi kwa ndalama padziko lonse. Ndipo mkati mwa msika pali yaikulu m'matangadza onse anachepetsa zimene ndalama wabwino, ndipo ambiri overpriced, kutsegula osachepera yotakata chiyembekezo. Akatswiri amalangiza kukhala ntchito nthawi yaitali ndalama, osati kudalira phindu mwamsanga ndipo amabwerera mwamsanga.