Ndalama kufufuma. kuopsa

Zotsatira ndi ndalama kufufuma ndi onse mbali zabwino ndi zoipa. Zabwino ndi kuti ndi mkulu mlingo kukula kwa mitengo mitundu yonse ya mankhwala kuonetsa kukula mofulumira chuma patapita nthawi yaitali stagnation. Zotsatira zoipa kwenikweni kugwirizana ndi kumulowetsa pansi msika zoweta ndi chiopsezo zikutha m'mayiko anthu. Komabe, ndi chuma anakhazikitsa, zinthu khola ndale komanso chete kwambiri otsika / mkulu kufufuma - ndi "zoipa" Chinthu zoipa bwanji udindo wa alimi zoweta ndi ndalama.

Ndalama chuma cha kufufuma:

- The kukula kwa ndikupeleka ndalama. Kufufuma palokha ndi mwapadera ndalama za msonkho. The mitengo mofulumira ndi zokwawa mmwamba, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa kugula masheya kapena ndalama. Banks komanso kukhala gawo lawo likuvutika madipoziti latsopano. Komabe, ngati Kusakhazikika mu msika zoweta - choncho mwachizolowezi, nzika wamba kupulumutsa chabe khola ndalama zakunja. Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga - zoweta dollar bankohranilischa 1990s. Amene panopa ndi olemera kapena kutaya kugwirizana, ndithudi, anapanga zothetsera kwa ntchito zongopeka ndi sheya. Mulimonsemo, chotero "njira" ali ndi ufulu kulibe, koma zinthu mtendere.

- Opanga mowirikiza kasinthidwe mndandanda mtengo wawo, ndipo mu kufanana zowawa zomvetsa lolemera ntchito yofalitsa mabuku, amakakamizidwa kuti abwere ndi latsopano likuyandikira malonda, zolimbikitsa malonda. Kodi inunso momveka bwino: ndalama kufufuma anatsogolera chakuti anthu akusiya ndalama zawo, koma chifukwa wotsalayo ndi kufika ndalama kwa ogulidwa katundu tsiku ndi tsiku. kugula yaitali kulephereka kwa kanthawi.

- Microeconomic mtengo kufufuma. mfundo ndi yakuti mu nthawi ya kufufuma mkulu, makampani ang'onoang'ono si kopindulitsa pafupipafupi kusintha zopempha zawo mitengo, ndi zambiri kusinthidwa mankhwala mzere. Iwo amayesa kuchepetsa zinthu zina, ngakhale kupeza phindu ang'onoang'ono, koma pakutero kukhala wolimba. Komabe, iwo atati msika oyaka: osewera mphamvu ndi chuma ndi luso kusintha mankhwala yokopa malonda. Motero, ndalama kufufuma zinachititsa kuti kuchepa mu gawo la tochepa mu chuma ndi kulenga ena preconditions kuti kuphatikiza kwa osewera, kukula mfundo oipa co-opareshoni, ndi zina, ndi monopolization ya misika.

- mtengo wa kufufuma pa madipoziti ndi madipoziti ena banki. Zikuonekeratu kuti mabanki ngati nyumba malonda safuna mawu yake. Komanso, iwo kupindula m'mikhalidwe yonse. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezeka kufufuma kumabweretsa khalidwe kuchepa kwa mitengo chidwi, i.e. depositors m'chilamulo kulandira chidwi kwambiri, ndipo de A facto, ndi phindu kufufuma chinthu zosakwana mu chuma khola.

- mtengo wa msonkho kufufuma. Palinso losavuta: apamwamba mlingo kufufuma, ndalama apamwamba msonkho. Makamaka chuma chikhalidwe akulemetsedwa: kuchepetsa kwa misonkho Mwina imfayo nyamuka mu mlingo wa Kusakhazikika chikhalidwe.