Streptococcus - ndichiyani? mitundu ya streptococci

Ambiri anamva kuli matenda streptococcal , ndipo ngakhale kuti anakumana. Koma anthu ochepa kwambiri mozama zimene strep, ndichiyani? Koma chidziwitso cha mbali ya moyo ndi ntchito ya mdani - hafu chigonjetso. Streptococci kuchita sayansi tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Mu izo, monga m'munda wina uliwonse wa chidziwitso, kwambiri mawu ovuta zosokoneza. M'nkhaniyi tiona adzayesa chinenero Kufikika kuti alankhulepo za zomwe ndi zoopsa Streptococcus zimenezo akhoza kukhala ndi ngati m'pofunika kuti athane nalo ndi njira ya mankhwala ikuchitika.

"Chithunzicho" a tiziromboti ndi

Anthu tsiku lililonse ndi mphindi iliyonse anakumana ndi zikwi za tizilombo, sipangakhalenso ankaona yekha pansi simungathe kutiona. A nthumwi otchuka wa asilikali lalikulu la majeremusi ndi streptococcus. Ndi chiyani icho, mwinamwake, aliyense? Kodi mtundu wa zamoyo kulinyamula? Tiyeni tiyambe kuyambira pachiyambi.

Streptococci - ndi mabakiteriya akukhala nawo maonekedwe a mikanda tosaoneka utali wozungulira mpaka 0.5 um. Mpira - ndi mabakiteriya Gawo limodzi ndi lonse chamoyo. Gwirani mitundu iwiri iwiri streptococci, kapena magulu, ogwirizana mu unyolo. Iwo mwamtheradi atathana chifukwa alibe cilia kapena matatu, kapena michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana. Sunthani kokha kupyolera kunja alowererepo, mwachitsanzo, ndi kutsokomola ndi otaya mpweya. Kamodzi mu malo, streptococcus mabakiteriya pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuchulukana. Iwo amachita zimenezi ndi kugawikana yosavuta selo. Kapangidwe ka maselo ake ndi chotero kuti akhoza kupanga otchedwa L-mawonekedwe (m. E. Pafupifupi yopanda mipanda khungu). Izi ndi chuma lachinyengo amachititsa permeability kuwala kwa tizilomboto mwa fyuluta bakiteriya ndi tilinazo otsika kwambiri mankhwala. Kuti bwino "timudziwe bwino" ndi nthumwi ya dziko la tizilombo ngati Streptococcus (icho chiri, Takambirana kale), tikungotchula makhalidwe thupi. Choncho majeremusi awa:

- anaerobic (.. Ie mwangwiro yoperekera ndi mpweya wa);

- galamu (mawuwa amanena kuti kulemera, ndi mitundu mabakiteriya ndi njira galamu wasayansi) - Mundawu ntchito Kupeza Vuto matenda;

- chemoorganotrophic (organic chakudya);

- asporogenous (musati kupanga spores);

- parasitic.

Features a moyo

Anthu ndi nyama amakhala streptococci lalikulu ndi majeremusi mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa, nasopharynx, m'mimba, m'mimba, koma mungathe ndi magazi kapena njira zina kulowa chiwalo chilichonse ndi kuyamba pali ntchito tizilombo. Komanso, streptococci ali mu malo athu, monga fumbi, aliyense padziko, sputum, mafinya stale. Ngakhale kuti majeremusi kupanga L-mawonekedwe ndi monga ongoyendayenda, kuchotsa iwo zovuta. mabakiteriya awa angathe kupulumuka mu ozizira, "mwamphamvu" kwa mphindi 30 pa kutentha kwa madigiri 55, ndi njira ya mankhwala enaake mercuric acid ndi carboxylic kuwapha mphindi 15 zokha. Koma pali mitundu ya streptococci ndi malire kwambiri umoyo. Makombo zouma a mafinya sputum (zouma ndi watsopano), mitundu yonse ya bakiteriya kupulumuka kalekale. Koma yogwira kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa ali pa yozungulira kutentha ^wa 37 C ndi pH pafupi ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere (makhalidwe kuchokera 6,9 kuti 7.6). Dziwani madzi firiji ali pH wa 7, ndi malovu ambiri a anthu a pH 7-7,4, ndiko kuti, abwino kukula kwa streptococci izi. fecundity makamaka lalikulu la mabakiteriya kuonetsa, ngati iwo agwa mu sing'anga ndi magazi, magazi seramu, shuga, chifukwa ndi chakudya awo ankakonda. Pali iwo mofulumira kukula kwa madera lalikulu. Ngati mwaika losiyanasiyana streptococcus mu Hagara magazi (makamaka yothetsera munali mwazi wa nyama zina), ena mwa iwo sasintha mtundu wa Hagara, ena amapanga padziko madera awo okwana erythrocyte dissociation zone (hemolysis), wachitatu "kukongoletsa ndi" analanda malo wobiriwira. Mu zinthu zochepa chonde kwa iwo (mwachitsanzo, fumbi) njuchi streptococci kwambiri wocheperako (2.5 mm) kukhudza zambiri yosalala, nthawi zina zamwano, glossy ndi translucent maonekedwe. Mu zakumwa tizilombo kuyesera kukhala makoma chotengera kapena pansi, kusiya sing'anga mandala yokha.

Mavuto lalikulu kwa Streptococcus kuti iwo kutulutsa poizoni oopsa kwambiri amene amayambitsa poyizoni wa thupi la munthu ochitiridwayo, ndipo ngakhale amatha kufa.

Kodi streptococci

Pali zingapo classifications ambiri amavomereza. Malinga Brown ndi Shottmyulleru, gulu lonse lankhondo la streptococci ali m'magulu 3 chachikulu:

1. Hemolytic.

2. viridans.

3. The sanali hemolytic.

The owopsa ndi hemolytic streptococcus, koma si onse amene ali tizilombo. Pa nthawi yomweyo pakati pa vuto lililonse sanali hemolytic pali ndithu "zolemekezeka" majeremusi.

Chifukwa mavuto gulu winayo akufuna kudziwa za ngozi streptococcus. Kutacha paokha Rebecca Lensfild ndi Frederick Griffith. Iwo maziko anatengedwa dongosolo antigenic tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chimene iwo anali ogaŵikana mitundu 17 kapena magulu, amaimira makalata Latin. Choyamba - A streptococci, wachiwiri, ndi C lachitatu, D wachinayi ndi zina zotero, mpaka gulu S-streptococci. Pakuti anthu anayi oyamba zosautsa. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuyamba mwa kuyankha funso: "Gulu A Streptococcus - icho chiri," N'chifukwa chiyani iye? Choyamba, chifukwa iye anali woyamba pa mndandanda, ndipo kachiwiri, chifukwa tiziromboti owopsa omwe amachititsa munthu ndi "maluwa" matenda. Kotero ...

Gulu A streptococci

Mabakiteriya a gulu limeneli si oopsa kwambiri, komanso ochuluka kuposa. Munthu chabe anapeza mitundu 53 tizilombo izi, ndi 49 iwo a gulu ndi A. Zili mu kapepala kupuma, pakamwa, m'matumbo, maliseche, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi magazi pamene majeremusi kudutsa mosavuta anasamutsidwa ku mbali iliyonse ya thupi ndi munthu wina. dzina lina mabakiteriya awa - pyogenes Streptococcus, kuti ndi pyogenic streptococci. Ndi chiyani icho? likumasuliridwa kuti "mafinya" Ndi pyon Greek. Kuyambira mutu zikuonekeratu kuti pyogenic streptococci chifukwa matenda, limodzi ndi mafinya (purulent matenda). Sizoti ndi katundu wawo woopsawo. Chotero tizilombo pambuyo posamutsa imfayo chimapangitsa mavuto matenda - enaake ophwanya malungo ndi pachimake glomerulonephritis (impso kuwonongeka). Waukulu khalidwe mbali zonse gulu A streptococci ndi kukhalapo mu selo mpanda wawo wa M mapuloteni, ndipo akupezeka yofanana 80. mankhwala amateteza streptococci ndi phagocytes alipo mu magazi a anthu, kudya thupi lina. Komanso, nthumwi tizilomboto gulu A ali kapisozi kuwateteza ku phagocytes. Izi mbali morphological wa streptococci "olakwa" chakuti munthu anali kudwala kuposa kale, chimabala chitetezo chokwanira yekha mtundu wa tiziromboti kuti zimayambitsa matendawo ayi. Kuti ngati m'khosi mwako zilonda anachititsa streptococcus-M1 mapuloteni, chitetezo cha m'thupi adzakhala yekha wa tizilombo tizilomboto m2 mapuloteni salinso, kutanthauza kuti angathe kachiwiri angina odwala. Ziwerengero mu nkhani iyi, kudziwa mtundu wa zomangira mu mapuloteni ndi.

Hemolytic streptococcus: icho chiri

Mawu akuti "hemolytic" amatanthauza kuwononga maselo magazi. Ngati tiziromboti uli wathunthu hemolysis (chiwonongeko chotheratu cha maselo onse magazi iwo), umatchedwa beta-hemolytic. Pafupifupi anthu onse oyamba magulu anayi (A, B, C, D) udzakhazikitsidwe ndipo. Amayambitsa matenda otsatirawa:

• zilonda zapakhosi;
• chofiira malungo;
• Ine maso;
• impetigo (a khate);
• infective endocarditis;
• abscesses (pamimba, ubongo);
• meninjaitisi, neonatal sepsis;
• postrodovoy sepsis;
• matenda osiyanasiyana a dongosolo genitourinary.

Komanso pali alpha-hemolytic streptococcus. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi zili chimodzimodzi hemolytic streptococcus (zelenyaschy), kungoti wawononga maselo ofiira pang'ono. Zingaoneke kuti mtundu uwu wa zochepa oopsa. Ndipotu, izo zimayambitsa matenda oopsa monga:

• abscesses peritoneal ndi ubongo;
• periodontitis;
• infective endocarditis;
• chibayo;
• meninjaitisi.

streptococci awa, monga tatchulazi, amatha kusintha mtundu wa sing'anga ku wofiira wobiriwira.

Pali Popanga madzi a gamma-hemolytic streptococcus. Ndi chiyani icho? Chotero anaitana mabakiteriya kuti sawononga maselo ofiira ndi sasintha momuzungulira Hagara sing'anga (otchedwa sanali hemolytic). Koma angathe kuyambitsa angapo matenda:

• infective endocarditis;
• sinusitis;
• matenda mabala.

strep pakhosi

Nthawi zambiri, zilonda zapakhosi - mfundo zikuluzikulu, kutanthauza aliyense pakhosi zilonda. Iwo akhoza chifukwa cha osati streptococcus, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tiyeni tikambirane zimene mungachite ngati wapezeka strep pakhosi, ndichiyani ndi momwe kuti kuonedwa ndi matenda, chifukwa amakhudza njira mankhwala. Zolondola chigamulo chilichonse kungangokuchititsani dokotala zochokera zotsatira za kuwunika microbiological (chopaka). Iye anatengedwa ndi swab wosabala ku mmero. Komanso, pali awiri mofulumira mayeso, koma kuipitsa mbiri ndi zolondola kwambiri. Ndi kachilombo streptococcal zilonda zapakhosi zitha kukhala ndikukumana ndi wodwala, ngati mulibe kusamalitsa. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi:

• zilonda zapakhosi, makamaka pamene Pomeza;
• kutentha;
• ambiri kufooka, kuzizira;
• chowawa mfundo khomo lachiberekero;
• mucosal edema;
• woyera kapena purulent zolengeza pa tonsils ndi pakhosi;
• mu nthawi zina, kupweteka m'mimba.

The matenda ndi mankhwala lamanja kumatenga masiku 5. Mankhwala ayenera kusankhidwa mwa njira yotero kuti sadalole impso ndi mafupa.

Nthawi zambiri mankhwala opha odwala pakamwa, ndipo nthawi yapadera subcutaneously. Kuchepetsa zilonda opopera pakhosi kapena gargle ntchito antiseptics, broths daisies, soda njira.

Mozungulira zizindikiro zomwezo monga zilonda zapakhosi, fever amakhala yekha pamene matenda anawonjezera punctulate wofiira totupa lonse thupi, chifukwa cha poizoni streptococcal. Chofiira malungo monga chizindikiro wina anafotokoza "lilime sitiroberi" (ndi ❖ kuyanika woyera ndi wofiira papillae). Mankhwala ofanana kuti tafotokozazi.

Streptococcal matenda pakhungu

Madokotala ena anatumiza odwala kuti aone strep CPR. Ndi chiyani icho? Inde, mabakiteriya onse chomwecho cocci. Konzani izi kuitana gulu Streptococcus SPP. Pamafunikanso bwino pyogenic streptococci, amene chifukwa cha matenda ambiri, komanso Streptococcus pneumoniae, kuchititsa chibayo, matenda oumitsa khosi, matenda, matenda a magazi, ndipo Streptococcus mutans, udindo caries ndi endocarditis.

Matenda streptococcal khungu monga impetigo ndi erysipelas.

The matenda oyamba chifukwa pyogenic streptococci A-gulu. Monga ulamuliro, izo zimachitika ana, ngati si anamvera mfundo thanzi. Streptococci zonse kugwa pa khungu la anthu tsiku ndi tsiku. Kodi "abwenzi ndi chiyero" (kusamba manja, kuchita zonse chonyowa kuyeretsa), ndi khungu lawo kuchotsedwa. Ndipo pamene ukhondo si bwino, Streptococcus padziko khungu mosalekeza ndi pa mwakayakaya pang'ono, kuphatikizapo zimakhalapo kuwala ndi kulumidwa tizilombo, kudutsa mu wosanjikiza subcutaneous. Zizindikiro za impetigo ndi monga sabweretsa chisoni totupa padziko mphuno, milomo ndi kawirikawiri m'madera ena a thupi. Pa gawo loyamba, zotupa awa ndi mawonekedwe a tinatake tozungulira chofiira (papules), amene kenako n'kukhala purulent vesicles (matuza) ndi mkangano youma chikasu kupanga crusts. Kuchitira impetigo ndi mankhwala.

Nkhope kuyambitsa pyogenic streptococci. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa malowedwe a mabakiteriya mu minofu subcutaneous. Amachititsa - kuyan'anila zosiyanasiyana umphumphu wa khungu, ku mabala ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. zizindikiro:

• redness, kukoma mtima, kutupa kwa zinkakhala m'dera la khungu;
• kuzizira;
• malungo.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zosautsa wa kudwala ndi kuthekera musabise zaka zambiri pambuyo mankhwala chenicheni.

chibayo

Matendawa ali ndi mitundu angapo, malingana tizilomboto lapansi. Streptococcal chibayo - mmodzi wa owopsa. Njirayi imatchedwa malowedwe mu mapapo Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Inu mukhoza kutenga matenda, kupuma mpweya, muli tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chibayo umayamba mwadzidzidzi, koma nthawi zina chitukuko pang'onopang'ono. zizindikiro:

• malungo;
• kutsokomola;
• ululu pachifuwa;
• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• malungo;
• purulent exudate (mafinya kudzikundikira mu mapapo) - ndondomeko imene ali ndi vuto amphamvu kuonjezera, ndipo ngati miyeso mwamsanga ndi Sadadzipangire, mu kuwala anapanga spikes lapansi.

X-ray matenda chibayo, komanso chiyesedwe cha sputum kumaliseche. Ankachitira ndi mankhwala ndi corticosteroids, monga ulamuliro, amafuna njira mabuku. Chithunzithunzi mankhwala anayamba ndi anthu oyenerera okha! Popanda mankhwalawa a chibayo zambiri amapha.

Streptococcus agalactia: icho chiri

Ndi gulu A streptococcus, ife mochuluka kapena mochepa kosanjidwa kunja. Tiyeni tikambirane majeremusi a gulu B. Iwo anali woyamba amadziŵika ndi kuphunzira mastitis mu ng'ombe. Kenako anazindikira kuti mabakiteriya izi chifukwa nyenyeswa yekha anabadwa wa bongo ndi septicemia, pamene amayi awo - puerperal sepsis. Majeremusi dzina lake Streptococcus agalactiae (mu Russian - "Streptococcus agalactia"). Ndi chiyani icho? Yankho: ndi mabakiteriya oopsa kwambiri kuti atsogolere kapena imfa kapena mavuto aakulu. thupi lawo (cell khoma) limapangidwa polysaccharides capsular, yotsirizira - 9 yofanana. Choncho, pali 9 Streptococcus agalactia serotypes. Molondola kudziwa amene anayambitsa matenda, kuwononga msasa mayeso. Chidule - ziri chabe makalata likulu la maina asayansi nkhani imeneyi.

Chifukwa cha ena okhudzidwa ndi mavuto zina ziyamba classifications. Choncho, kutenga Mwachitsanzo, streptococcus gulu B. Ndi chiyani icho? Inde, chinthu chomwecho monga Streptococcus agalactia. Awa ndi mayina awiri a mabakiteriya chomwecho. Gulu B streptococci mwina chowulungika kapena kuzungulira mawonekedwe. Chawo chachikulu "zogona" - anthu urogenital dongosolo. mabakiteriya Newborn zimafalitsidwa nthawi yobereka. Sepsis kuyambika lonse 2% ya ana, koma 50% ya iwo anafa, ndipo opulumuka zambiri amadwala matenda ubongo. Chimaonekera sepsis athanso (mkati tsiku lina) kapena pa nthawi (miyezi kuyambira pa mlungu umodzi mpaka 3). zizindikiro:

• kusinza;
• osauka wakuyamwa;
• kupuma insufficiency;
• hypotension mitsempha;
• bacteremia (pamaso mabakiteriya m'magazi);
• chibayo kapena matenda oumitsa khosi.

Mu amayi apakati streptococcal sepsis kumaonekera ululu ndi bloating, bacteremia. Nthawi zina ayamba bongo ndi / kapena infective endocarditis.

Magawo onse a nzika gulu B streptococci imayambitsa matenda ngati:

• meninjaitisi;
• chibayo;
• purulent nyamakazi;
• kutukusira kwa mundawo urogenital;
• osteomyelitis;
• m'chiuno abscess, peritoneal ndi ena.

magulu Streptococcal C ndi D

A ochepa a anthu aona magulu ena a streptococci. Mabakiteriya a gulu C ndi beta-hemolytic ndi kuyambitsa matenda omwewo monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda A-gulu. Amatanthauza gulu D ndi streptococci, ndi enterococci. Amayambitsa matenda makamaka achikulire, matenda lofooka anthu ndi amene alandira mankhwala chifukwa kusalankhula anaswa bwino microflora mu thupi.

Nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsa zimene mlingo wa streptococci, chifukwa iwo si nthawi zonse amayambitsa matenda. Mwaichi, palibe ponseponse. mabakiteriya Awa ndi wowona, pamene chitetezo cha m'thupi amatha 'kuwasunga iwo mu cheke. " Choncho, ntchito yaikulu ya ife tonse - kusintha ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu yoteteza thupi lanu m'njira zonse, akupezekera yekha. Ngati mwadzidzidzi wofooka, streptococci mukuyamba kulamulira ndi kuukira. Pasulani mabakiteriya zodabwitsa ngati malo anapuma pa maola ochepa kudzatenga watsopano, chifukwa iwo ali ndi chilengedwe chathu. The streptococci m'kamwa kugawana 60% tizilombo onse. Koma streptococci m'magulu, zimadziŵika pa kumaliseche mucous, nthawi zambiri iwo sayenera.