SVD (mfuti): khalidwe. Zipangizo osiyanasiyana SVD

Sniper mfuti SVD 7,62 yapangidwa 1958-1963 motsogozedwa okonza Union Dragunova E. F. ndi theka-zodziwikiratu chida, zida zake zachokera mphamvu ya mpweya ufa nane mpweya pisitoni inabala.

Ochokera ku Soviet usilikali Encyclopedia

Snipers amaphunzitsidwa manja, amene ndi bwino pa luso kubisa, timaona ndiponso marksmanship; akhoza kugunda chandamale ndi kuwombera koyamba. Mwalamulo, ndi sharpshooters poyamba anaonekera mu British Army pa First World nkhondo. Cholinga chachikulu cha omenyana awa ndi kuwononga avundulidwe zofunika, lotseguka, ndi masked mipherezero umodzi kuonekera. Zimakhala snipers mdani oona, akapitawo, ndi ena olumikizidwa. The chowombelera zida ndi mfuti okonzeka ndi mfuti wapadera. Kuti moto amasankha ndi ku- malo obisika. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, maphwando zonse nkhondo ambiri kufalitsidwa snipers ophunzitsidwa ichi kukhazikitsa kusukulu zapadera misonkhano ndi maphunziro. Mu USSR, deta misa lophunzira luso ankatchedwa Sniper kuyenda. Komanso, mfundo imeneyi yakhala dzina banja chifukwa iwo anatchedwa sharpshooters ndege, zida zankhondo ndi thanki mphamvu.

mfuti Sniper zili ndi zowoneka kuwala, amene bwino yolondola aiming ndi kupereka anaziika zabwino mu malo aliwonse. Chifukwa likuomba usiku pa chida wokwera zowoneka usiku m'masomphenya , kapena m'nyimbozo kuwala gululi kuyatsa. Mpaka kumayambiriro 60 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo mu Soviet Army sanali apadera Sniper mfuti, ndipo ntchito 'Mosin' mfuti chitsanzo 1891/30 Koma njira za nkhondo zasintha, ndi awonera m'mbuyomo nkhondo m'dera waika zingapo zofunika kuti nkhani Sniper. Choncho, siteji atsopano chitukuko cha mtundu wa chida. Tsopano ife anayamba ndi chopangidwa pansi malangizo apadera zinthu zonse kuchokera katiriji ndi chidwi kuona kuwala ndi kumalizitsa ndi mfuti.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha woyamba Soviet Sniper mfuti

Mu 1958, USSR Utumiki wa silikhali anapereka mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso zofunika kuti chitukuko cha mfuti Sniper theka-zodziwikiratu 7,62. Mpikisano waukulu mu mpikisano adakhala Izhevsk mlengi Dragunov E. F. ndi Kovrov mlengi Konstantinov A. Komanso zitsanzo awo anagonjera Simonov SG & D timu Kalashnikov MT anapereka wongoyesera wa Dragunov mfuti CER 58 ndikanathera woyamba "kukumana" mu zofunika okhwima chikangoperekedwa ndi asilikali, ndipo pambuyo pake anali kusinthidwa chitsanzo NE-61. Pambuyo mayesero poyerekeza wa prototypes Konstantinov ndi Dragunov anagamula pa kukhazikitsa ntchito Dragunov. Choncho, SVD mfuti, makhalidwe amene akwaniritsa zonse, analowa mphamvu kale mu 1963, pansi chizindikiro 6V1.

Ing'onoing'ono amathandiza ...

Development wa zida zatsopano kwa mfuti ya kunachitidwa ndi Institute ndi Research №61 Sabelnikov V. M., Sazonov PF ndi Dvoryaninov VN Izi katiriji ndi chipolopolo ndi zitsulo pachimake, anavomerezedwa zaka zinayi pambuyo mfuti kwambiri ( mu 1967) ndipo analandira 7N1 index. Pakuti chitukuko cha pamaso kuwala PSO-1 anayankha akatswiri Soviet Ovchinnikov VI ndi Glyzov L. A. Technology kupanga mwatsatanetsatane mbiya kwa mfuti iyi Samoylov I. A. zambiri gossips kutchula kufanana AK machitidwe SVD, iwo anazindikira kuti pafupifupi zofanana kwa zochita zokha ndi kuchotsa mpweya ufa kuchokera mbiya kupyolera mbali kutsegula, kutseka kwa njira ndi kutembenuzira shutter ndi awiri wotenga sanali basi ndalezo chitetezo. Komanso, choyambitsa nyundo limagwirira ali ndi mawonekedwe chimodzimodzi mainspring lapansi. Mosakayikira, ena zinthu akhala anaitenga ku AK, koma SVD mfuti, osati buku makina, dongosolo palokha, ndipo umboni ndi mbali ya chida ichi, chimene ife azipereka pansipa.

kusiyana chidwi Dragunov mfuti, amagwirizana ndi "Sniper", "zolinga

Tiyeni tione zimene zikupanga kusiyana ndi dongosolo chida palokha. SVD-mfuti bawuti chonyamulira si pamodzi ndi pisitoni mpweya umene (komanso pusher) lakonzedwa ndi mbali zosiyana ndi kubwerera yake masika. Iwo atenga udindo kuyambira pambuyo mafelemu zinyalala. Makina zoyenda ali decomposed mu gulu motsatizana magawo payekha. Choncho, izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu Poyankha nthawi ya limagwirira ndi kuchepetsa kulemera chonse mbali kusunthira pamodzi. Mfundo imeneyi bwino kusalala kwa drawdown basi ndi smoothes katundu pulsed. Komanso, khamu ali ndi mpweya opareshoni mpweya yang'anira chofunika kuti agwirizane ndi kudzikonda potsegula limagwirira ntchito mu mavuto opaleshoni.

limagwirira shutter

HIC-chipata mfuti okonzeka ndi chipangizo kuti ali Onyamula Zazitali Ayi atatu symmetrical. Izi zimapangitsa lanu ndondomeko zambiri odalirika, komanso amachepetsa ngodya za kasinthasintha wa limagwirira lapansi. Rechargeable chogwirira ili kumanja ndipo anapanga integrally ndi chimango ndi Wopanda. Kuphatikiza nyumba imeneyi chachikulu ndi shutter kuwala angathe kupereka ntchito kwambiri odalirika.

Limagwirira choyambitsa

USM Izi Sniper mfuti ndi asonkhana nduna osiyana, ndi kupezera okha moto umodzi. Chinthu choyambirira cha limagwirira ndi ntchito choyambitsa (kuwonjezera ntchito yake yaikulu) ngati disconnector sear ndi choyambitsa chikoka. Non-zodziwikiratu chitetezo ndalezo anatembenukira midadada chilakolako ndi mfuti, komanso chimakwirira cutout ku wolandila lapansi.

Bedi ndi ntchito SVD

SVD-mfuti ali ndi mphako khalidwe mu mbuyo kuti m'mphepete ake kutsogolo ndipamene mfuti nsinga. Chimango mawonekedwe amalola kukhala chida ndi dzanja lake lamanzere, akuchita kuwombera ndi siteji. Pa mbuyo akhoza Ufumuyo ndi zochotseka mulibe malamulo oletsa "tsaya" ndi otchedwa mapeto. Otchedwa mapeto aumbike mwa awiri mbale symmetrical thunthu, amene ali mipata kwa kuzirala mfuti bwino. Ziyangoyango okonzeka ndi masika-wokwera kuti mfundo thandizo bokosi liri pa olamulira a mbiya. Motero, khama kupereka zothandizira dzanja mfuti, sikumangotikhudza zotsatira za kuwombera. Komanso, pamene tsinde elongation chifukwa cha Kutentha ndi kuwombera, ndi mkono ukusunthira patsogolo pang'ono; kuyambira zinthu kuikirapo sakusintha, ndiye palibe kusamuka kwa otchedwa m'ma mfundo kukhudzana. Popeza penipeni, SVD (chithunzi, mu nkhani iyi, timasonyeza zida ankaona) amaloŵamo magawo angapo wamakono. Chifukwa, ndi buttstock matabwa ndi handguard anali m'malo ndi plywood laminated, kusinthidwa masiku akubwera ndi mbuyo pulasitiki ndi mbale wa galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa polyamide wakuda. kusintha yafupika kulemera kwa SVD.

zida

Monga tanena kale, SVD kukula 7,62h53. Chakudya mfuti anapanga goli awiri zitsulo bokosi detachable gawo zooneka amene mphamvu ndi makatiriji khumi. Okonza tiyenera kuganizira malo sitoloko kuti pakati yokoka ya chida anaikidwa pa izo. Chifukwa, kumwa zipolopolo ali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa muyezo wa mfuti, ndipo motero pa kosangalatsa a zikutanthauza mfundo mmene. Pakuti kuwomba kuchokera Sniper Dragunova ntchito, kupatula mu katiriji wapadera 7N1 komanso mfuti katiriji 57-H 223 ndi chipolopolo opepuka ndi 7T2 tracer chipolopolo, ndipo 7B3 ndi zida kuboola incendiary mlandu ndi ena.

zida kuwala

Reticle SVD PSO-1 ali ndi kuwonjezeka zinayi khola m'munda wa view of 6%. Iwo okonzeka ndi retractable mandala nyumba ndi zoteteza eyecups mphira. Reticle ali lalikulu waukulu, anaikira kuwombera pa mtunda wa kilometre chimodzi, komanso owonjezera - 1.1, 1.2 ndi 1.3 Km - ndipo lonse la kusinthidwa lateral. Komanso, PCP-1 amapereka rangefinder lonse ntchito pati osiyanasiyana SVD amapereka chandamale kutalika kwa 1.7 mamita (zonse kutalika anthu chithunzi) lolondola mamita 50. Reticle kuyatsa chipangizo ali zoyendetsedwa ndi batire anaikapo mu chipinda apadera nyumba. Mu Optics wa mbale fulorosenti ndi anaikapo, amene angathe kudziwa magwero cheza infuraredi. Monga wothandiza makina chipangizo ntchito - gawo pamaso masamu pa mndandanda wa 1.2 Km ndi chosinthika pamaso kutsogolo. PSO-1 Optics linapereka maziko kwa chilengedwe cha banja la zowoneka, kuphatikizapo PSO-1 m2. Zipangizo osiyanasiyana SVD lachitsanzo izi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0.1 kuti 1.3 Km. Mu 1989, panali latsopano 1P21 zipangizo. Izi Optics SVD ali variable magnification chiŵerengero cha ku 3 9, munda wake wa view 6 °, motero 11 '- 2 ° 23'. Komanso chipangizo limalola ntchito reticle zounikira ndi ulamuliro kuwala.

SVD rifle-: makhalidwe zida

The utali wonse wa chida popanda mpeni wa 1225 mamilimita ndi mbiya kutalika - 620 mm. Kulemera ndi yodzaza ndi magazini ndi pamaso kuwala - 4,52 makilogalamu. Katiriji - 7,62h53. Koyamba chipolopolo mathamangidwe ndi 830 m / s. Nkhondowo mlingo - zipolopolo 30 pa mphindi (ndithu zotsatira zabwino, kutenga nkhani yekha limodzi ndi mfuti mode pa SVD Sniper mfuti). Kuwombera osiyanasiyana ndi pamaso telescopic mamita 1300, ndi chipangizo makina - mamita 1200. Magazine mphamvu - zipolopolo 10.

Mfundo ntchito

chida Makinawa umagwira ntchito pa mfundo za kuchotsa chopopera mpweya kuyaka kupyolera kutsegula wapadera mu mbiya. Kutseka popotoloka loko limagwirira counterclockwise. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi machitidwe dera monga Kalashnikov kuti katiriji rammer amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati Onyamula Zazitali Ayi zina (lachitatu mzere). Zimenezi zinathandiza, popanda bongo miyeso yopingasa wa shutter ndi mbali ya kasinthasintha, pafupi nthawi theka kuonjezera m'dera Onyamula Zazitali Ayi. Motero, mfundo Nangula zitatu kupereka malo okhazikika kwambiri limagwirira, amene sanathe bwanji kuwonjezeka yolondola moto. Pamene kuwombera gawo mpweya chopopera amene atsata chipolopolo kudzera mpweya ndime mpanda mbiya amalowa chipinda mpweya ndi makina pa khoma kutsogolo kwa pisitoni lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pisitoni pamodzi ndi plunger ndipo chimango ndi Wopanda amatayidwa mu malo kumbuyo.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, kutsegula anasenza, wathandizidwa akupanga malaya m'chipinda ndi ejects izo kuchokera wolandila lapansi. Pambuyo pake, chimango chipata compresses kubwerera kasupe ndi atambala, mwachitsanzo Chilombocho platoon basi kumasulidwa. Komanso pansi zochita za limagwirira kubwerera zinthu zonse structural adzabwezedwa kwa malo kutsogolo pachiyambi. Pamene shutter lidzawotchedwa anatumiza katiriji lotsatira m'chipinda cha chofukizira ndi Amatseka anabala, bawuti chonyamulira amachotsa sear ndi cocking choyambitsa powerengetsera ndi kuyika cocked ake. Kutseka chipata njira mbiya popotoloka ku lamanzere ndi Onyamula Zazitali Ayi kolowera ku zamkati mwa wolandila lapansi.

Pofuna kuti mpirawo lotsatira, kumasula kenako kukoka choyambitsa. Atatuluka ndodo chimatsatira malo kutsogolo ndi mbedza yake akhwatchitsa pa sear lapansi. Mwa kuwonekera pa mbedza mbedza imazungulira sear, potero disconnects cocked ake ndi choyambitsa. Otsiriza, pansi zochita za mainspring ndi imazungulira ngati nguli ndipo ali ndi pini yowotcha, umene umayenda mu malo kutsogolo ndi kubala kuswa kapisozi. Uyatsa chopopera katiriji kusakaniza ndi mpirawo. Pamene kuwombera wotsiriza anachita, shutter ndi retracted ndi chofukizira wodyetsa Amachotsa shutter amasiya. Iye linkakhala ndi chimango akuima malo kumbuyo. Ali ngati chizindikiro muvi ayenera kutsegula mfuti kachiwiri.

ntchito mfundo

Ndi moyandikana kwa IRS akhoza atathana mpeni mtundu muyezo (6x4). Ngakhale Chikhalidwe ichi pa Sniper mfuti chosowa kwambiri ndipo si koyenera. Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chida analengedwa monga zida mayunitsi yaing'ono commando, ndipo ayenera kupereka kwa tanthauzo lake ngakhale melee lapansi.

Nthawi zambiri, IRS kamangidwe, makhalidwe amene anali chidwi kwambiri, anali kukondera wabwino kwambiri pakati pa kuphana ndi Sniper amafuna ambiri. Komanso tisaiwale kuti mfuti ili linali gulu la nkhondo loyamba chida kapangidwe zimene zimaonetsa zida masewera ndi zoonekeratu. Pakuti 60-70-ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza, SVD ali olondola kwambiri. Experience limatiuza kuti ndi Sniper uyu akhoza kugunda mipherezero pa mtunda wa nkomwe zimadziŵika mpaka mamita 800. SVD osiyanasiyana zolinga monga "nthiti mawonekedwe" (50x50 cm) mpaka mamita 600 ndi "chithunzi mutu" (25x30 cm) - mamita 300.

ulemerero Battle

Ndi mkulu kutchuka, izi Sniper mfuti anapeza pa nkhondo ku Afghanistan ndi Chechnya. Ichi ndi chifukwa mphamvu mkulu wa SVD, amene makhalidwe analola kusunga moto zolondola mu mapiri. Mwina kudziŵika kuti palibe mtundu wina wa nkhondo chokwanira popanda nkhani yogwira snipers, choncho mtundu uwu wa chida anali ndi adzakhala akumufuna.

Pakali pano, zosintha zosiyanasiyana SVD lolembedwa ndi magulu ankhondo a mayiko oposa theka la dazeni. zosiyanasiyana anali inakhazikitsa mu China, Iraq, Romania. Komanso, tsogolo la chitsanzo chathu anasonyeza mwagwirizana sniping, kusaka ndi zamasewera zida. Ndipotu anamanga ntchito zinachitikira kuwombera masewera mfuti SVD inakhudza kwambiri ndipo watumikira ngati maziko mndandanda wa mfuti kusaka ngati "Tengelelani", "Amabereka" ndi OC-18.

SVD Sniper mfuti: mtengo

alenje watsopano amakonda kufunsa ngati iwo angathe kugula zida zankhondo, makamaka mfuti SVD, monga kusaka. Komabe, malamulo Russian imaletsa kugulitsa SVD mu umwini payekha. Komabe pali njira: chomera Izhevsk umabala kuunikanso makope oyambirira a nkhondowo mfuti Dragunov anawomberedwa ndi kusamala. Motero, munthu aliyense chidwi akhoza kugula buku la mankhwala mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za azamalamulo Utumiki Mkati mwa malire anauyamba zolowa za utumiki ndi zida wamba. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo kuwatsimikizira owerenga - kusintha sikumangotikhudza ntchito ndi specifications wa mfuti ndi. Ndi dzina prefixed KO, kutanthauza "kusaka mfuti". Kufunika kwa SVD ndi 62 zikwi rubles. Ngati msaki si m'mbuyo mtengo, adzalandira wodalirika, wamphamvu, nthawi anayesedwa chida chachikulu kuti kumutumikira mokhulupirika kwa chaka wina.

pomaliza

Dragunov Sniper mfuti watsimikizira wokha ngati chida champhamvu ndi odalirika, kwa zaka zambiri anakhalabe zabwino ophatikizana chitsanzo manja. Komabe, kusintha, zovuta zikuchuluka ndi kukula kwa ntchito asilikali kuthetsedwa ndi Sniper pankhondo ano, chofunika chitukuko cha dongosolo latsopano kuwombera ndi kuwombera mwatsatanetsatane bwino komanso maganizo kuonjezera kwambiri zambiri. Ndipotu IRS osati Sniper mfuti m'njira zamakono akuti, cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuonjezera zosiyanasiyana zothandiza ozimitsa moto ainjini magulu mfuti (mpaka mamita 600). Ndipo udaikidwa kupereka zofunika moto thandizo (kubisa mfundo yowotcha). Pa nkhani imeneyi, SVD ndipo osati kukhala osiyanasiyana ndi lolondola mfuti ano Sniper. Choncho, ngakhale kutenga mu utumiki wa latsopano mfuti machitidwe amphamvu kwambiri, asilikali sali mofulumira kupereka, ndipo kuchokera zapamwamba kuwonedwa mu nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yapadera Sniper mfuti ndi chambered kwa 8,61 mamilimita ndi mbali ainjini kupitiriza ntchito SVD.