The mitundu yabwino ya mbatata kulima. mitundu oyambirira mbatata. The mitundu kwambiri zokoma mbatata

Mbatata mkate chachiwiri anaitana katundu opindulitsa ndi nkhani za zinthu zonse zofunikira. chikhalidwe wachita kale m'magulu malinga i zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pa sukulu, omwe anatsimikiza ndi mtima wonse malinga ndi kupsa mbatata.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Panopa, mbatata - izi si wamba chakudya mankhwala, komanso masamba chachikulu pa tebulo wathu. Mu Russia izo kunja kwa Holland ndi Peter 1, kumene mfumu anayesa nambala yaikulu mbale kwa izo. Iwo anadza kwa kukoma kwake, ndi 1 Peter analamula kupulumutsa thumba la mbatata ku Russia. Apa iye zinatchuka kwambiri. Iwo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mkate. Iwo amapulumutsa anthu ku imfa mu zaka Taphunzira za tirigu.

kucha

Kodi mitundu ya mbatata ndi bwino mbewu m'munda wanu, mwini wasankha. The zambiri kusankha lalikulu kwambiri: alipo atatu ndi theka zikwi. Mayeso zidzasankhidwa malingana ndi nthawi ya kucha wa tubers.

• The mitundu mbatata oyambirira kubala mizu okhwima mu masiku 50-60.
• Yapakatikati oyambirira zokwanira masiku 65-80 kwa kucha.
• zokolola Mid-yotuta mwa masiku 80-95.
• mitundu Srednepozdnie anasonkhana atapita masiku 95-110 mutabzala.
• Mochedwa mbatata kukula mu miyezi inayi.

Zosiyanasiyana mbatata amasankhidwa malinga ambiri. zomera awo zimakhudza nthaka ndi nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu mochedwa waphindu, tubers kulawa kwambiri. Komabe, mbatata kwambiri atengeke matenda osiyanasiyana. Ngakhale mitundu oyambirira mbatata ndi zokolola ofooka ndiponso ali pafupifupi munthu wowuma.

Kodi kusankha mbewu?

Pofuna kupeza mbewu zabwino, muyenera kukonzekera tubers kubzala mbewu. Iwo ayenera kukhala zizindikiro za matenda. Kukula mitundu ya mbatata zilibe kanthu, koma ndi bwino kutenga sing'anga-kakulidwe tubers wa 20-50 ali osavomerezeka kudula iwo, koma kuti ndi kuchepa kwa mbewu. Koma mu nkhani iyi pali njira ina kufalitsa izo. Muyenera kumera tubers m'kuunika. Pamene iwo kumera, iwo anabzala mu chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi utuchi anatsanulira feteleza zovuta. Posachedwapa kudzakhala mphukira, iwo anasiyanitsidwa tuber ndi anabzala mu nthaka. Iwo amapitiriza kumera, ndi ndondomeko akubwerezedwa. Pa nyengo, tuber wina akhoza kudzipereka kwa mbande zana.

mbatata mbewu amasankhidwa kamodzi pa ntchito yomanga ake ku munda. Pa masabata 2-3, izo aikidwa mu mdima, ozizira, chipinda bwino mpweya wokwanira. Mbeu ndi osambitsidwa ndi zouma padzuwa kwa masabata 3-5. Kamodzi pa sabata, ndi tubers mitundu mbatata Tiyenera kuona, mungaimitse, kuchotsa zinthu zosafunikira. Tsopano mukhoza kuika zinthu kubzala kwa yosungirako. Izi zikhoza kukhala m'chipinda chapansi kapena chapansi ndi kutentha ndi madigiri 1-3 pamwamba ziro. Pa chiyambi cha March mbatata mbewu atagona mu m'chipinda chapansi ofunda, bwino anayatsa chipinda ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 15. Apa iye kutentha ndi limakula. Mu dziko lake, wooka mapeto a April.

Mbatata Nevsky: kufotokoza

masamba Ichi chikudziwika kwa kukolola ndi wodzichepetsa m'nthaka. Kalasi mbatata Nevsky yodziwika Yapakatikati oyambirira yakucha. Choncho dziko lathu ilo limakula kulikonse. Chitsamba ang'ono ndi yaying'ono kukula. Pa zimayambira molunjika ambiri, masamba anapanga zoyera. Chomera limamasula kwambiri kwa nthawi yochepa. Pansi pa chitsamba 15 amalima mbewu yaikulu muzu masekeli 130 ga lililonse. Tubers ndi chowulungika ndi zazing'ono pinki maso pa peel chikasu. Kalasi Nevsky mbatata zamkati ali kirimu mtundu, zomwe si mdima pamene kudula, zilibe usathe ndipo ali ndi kukoma zabwino pamene kuphika.

Iye sanali kuchepetsa zokolola ngakhale chilala ndi nyengo ya mvula. mbatata Nevsky kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mtundu uwu wa chikhalidwe. Yosamalika mapangidwe otsika kutentha. Pakuti bwino tubers kumera mbewu ndi woopsa ndipo Zidamera. Ndipo amene anabzala m'nthaka ndi kuzizira ali osavomerezeka kudula iwo, kusiya zikumera. Choncho mapeto: mbatata Nevsky anayamikira kukoma kwakukulu mbewu muzu, mkulu zokolola, tubers wokongola ndi ubwino zina zambiri.

mbatata yellow

masamba Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi yofunika mankhwala mu zakudya miyambo ya anthu Russian. The ambiri ankakonda akuti ndi chikasu mbatata. mtundu amakhala thupi chifukwa cha zili carotene mu tubers kuti bwino yophika zofewa, zokoma kukoma, popanda acid ndi kuwawa. Muzu masamba zabwino Chinsinsi aliyense amene nthawizonse kuyang'ana kulakalaka ndi aesthetically zokondweretsa. mbatata mitundu Yellow osiyana kwambiri, tione zina mwa izo.

• Veneta - oyambirira zosiyanasiyana, yodziwika ndi tubers chikasu ndi zamkati. Khungu mtundu wa mauna. Wowuma amasonkhana oyambirira ndi masamba muli peresenti 13-15. Veneta - mbatata kwambiri zokoma. Zosiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa ndi chilala.
• Nthetemya - masamba chikhalidwe cha pakati-kucha. Yodziwika ndi kukoma kudzikondweretsa ndi zokongoletsa maonekedwe anthu amakopeka. Tubers ndife mnofu wofiira ndi wachikasu. Iwo sali wamkulu kwambiri mu kukula, koma ali ndi wowuma zokwanira peresenti 19.
• Aganyu - mochedwa zosiyanasiyana, tubers chikasu, ndi nyama - kirimu. Wowuma okhutitsidwa ndi apamwamba - 22 peresenti. kalasi imeneyi n'kwabwino kusiyana ndi kufala kwa matenda opatsirana, choncho oyenera yosungirako yaitali.

mbatata wofiira

masamba amenewa amapereka thupi ndi zakudya zonse zofunikira. Lili mavitamini, mchere, chakudya ndi amino zidulo. Makamaka zothandiza ndi mitundu ofiira a mbatata. Iwo ali abwino kwa zakudya ndi kukhala zikuchokera moyenera ndi otsika mu CHIKWANGWANI. Tubers masamba ofiira a chikhalidwe atachotsedwa poizoni thupi, yoletsera kukalamba ake, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa.

• Borodyansky pinki - oyambirira zosiyanasiyana. Ali tubers anamaliza mawonekedwe ofananira mtundu ndi maso ambiri ang'ono. Komabe, thupi lawo ndi kirimu kapena wachikasu. Lalikulu, ena masekeli mpaka 140 ga zili wowuma - pakati pa 14 ndi 19 peresenti. Kuti mudziwe: m'munsi wowuma ali mbatata, chindichepere kuti usathe ndipo wofumbutuka kwambiri.
• Simpli Red - mochedwa zosiyanasiyana, tubers osiyana ndi mtundu wofiira. zamkati ali ndi mtundu poterera ndipo lili kwa wowuma peresenti 19. sing'anga-kakulidwe tubers ndi kukoma kwakukulu pamene kuphika si yophika zofewa.

The mitundu yabwino ya mbatata

mbatata kukoma zimadalira wokhutira mankhwala osiyana. The mitundu yabwino kuposa amino zidulo, ndi chiŵerengero cha omwe anatsimikiza ndi khalidwe la kukoma kwa tuber lapansi.

• Rosalind limabweretsa mbewu zabwino oyambirira masamba. Iwo amakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndi wochezeka kusasitsa. tubers chowulungika yokutidwa ndi wofiira yosalala chikopa. zamkati ali ndi mtundu wachikasu ndi zopezeka 17 peresenti wowuma. Tubers mosabisa, mabowo zochepa, ndipo izi facilitates chochita.
• Romano - ndi mid- Dutch mbatata zosiyanasiyana. zamkati lili lalikulu chowulungika tubers poterera zoyera ndipo lili peresenti 19 wowuma. zosiyanasiyana uyu ali mkulu zokolola, kaya nyengo. Ndi thengo lirilonse mukhoza kusonkhanitsa ku kilogalamu wa masamba. pamwamba ndi yosalala ndi makhalidwe kukoma kuposa zonse zimene timayembekezera. Pakuti ambiri Romano - mbatata kwambiri zokoma. The zosiyanasiyana chotchuka kwambiri mu dziko lathu.

Mbatata, yozizira

masamba Izi si mwa perishables lapansi. Koma yosungiramo zosayenera mbewu mizu yozizira adzabweretsa mavuto. Mbatata ndi kanthu mwamsanga kuti chinyezi ndi kukwezeka wokhutira ayamba kuvunda. Mkulu kapena otsika zinthu yosungirako kutentha sakutero bwinobwino. Bwino kusunga zokolola yozizira, muyenera kutenga njira udindo kusankha mitundu. Iripano angwiro kwa dzinja yosungirako.

• Lorch - Middle amasankha, ali ndi mkulu zipatso ndi atengeke pang'ono matenda. Koma nkhanambo ndi khansa izo zikanakhoza wavulala. Tubers beige yosalala, zamkati awo owala ali kukoma zabwino. Lorch - mbatata yabwino yozizira. Mitundu mochedwa yakucha abwino yosungirako yaitali.
• Asterix - masamba a sing'anga-akuti kukhwima. tubers Red ndi mawonekedwe elongated ndi kukula sing'anga. thupi ndi kuwala chikasu zokondweretsa kukoma. Izi zosiyanasiyana mbatata ndi oyenera kupanga tchipisi. Iwo sasiyana zokolola mkulu, koma kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri tizilombo. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza ntchito mbatata Asterix kwa yosungirako yaitali.
• Olev amatanthauza mitundu mochedwa-zokolola za mbatata. Tubers mwayera ali mkulu vitamini C ndi kukoma kwambiri. Masamba pa iwo pang'ono, thupi chikasu, wofumbutuka. zosiyanasiyana Izi kugonjetsedwa ndi mantha ndi nkhanambo blackleg. Wangwiro yosungirako yozizira.
• Bryansk odalirika - Middle-mbatata ndi beige kuwala ndi woyera zooneka tubers. Iye ndi wokoma kukoma, amapereka phindu lochuluka ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda tizilombo ndi kugonjetsa nsikidzi. Chomera tubers ndi amtengo atengeke choipitsa mochedwa. Nkhanambo pafupifupi osati anakhudzidwa. Chimakopa wamaluwa, ndipo amasangalala ndi kukula mbatata kwa yosungirako yozizira.

nsikidzi

Tizirombo ndi matenda kupulumutsa mavuto ambiri, iwo kuchepetsa zokolola. Popewa izi, muyenera nthawi zonse kugwira zodzitetezera kuteteza zomera zisaonongeke ndi matenda.

Wireworms, tikukhala mu nthaka, kuwononga mizu ndi zikhawo. mphutsi ake yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri. Amafukula nthaka, iwo ayenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha. udzu Izi tizilombo ngati udzu tirigu, komwe mwamsanga wachulukitsa. Choncho m'pofunika kulimbana ndi udzu ili. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mabedi a mbatata ayenera kawirikawiri kulimira ndi kumasula. Nthawi iliyonse kukumba - laimu.

Colorado kachilomboka Kukubweretsera masautso masamba ndi zikhawo. Kafadala ndi mphutsi chakudya pa masamba ndi zanthete, ndi pamene kudya iliyonse wobiriwira, kusuntha kwa tubers wa. Pofuna izi kuopseza kufunika kusonkhanitsa ndi kuuononga. Pamene ponseponse zomera cholakwika ndi sprayed hlorofosom zofuna luso. kupopera aliyense anasiya kwa mwezi umodzi yokolola.

matenda

Mochedwa choipitsa - ndi bowa ambiri a mtundu uliwonse wa mbatata. chithunzi anakhudzidwa mbatata bowa inu mukuona pansipa. Limafotokoza akunde gawo vegetative zomera ndi tubers ali ndi kachilombo masamba ndi matenda, ndipo zimayambira pa kukumba mbatata. Pa kudziwika nsonga za matenda ndi bwino kudula ndi chomera kutsitsi njira. Tsopano masitolo ndi nthawi kusankha kwambiri mankhwala. masabata awiri pamaso pa zokolola za processing mbatata ndi kutsazikana.

Common nkhanambo - matenda a tubers pamene iwo ataphimbidwa ndi zilonda ndi njerewere. Odwala masamba zasungidwa bwino ndipo unsightly. Nkhanambo ndi anadutsa nthaka ndi zikhawo kachilombo. Zimafalikira mwamsanga pamene inu kupanga wambirimbiri humus mdzenje. Kupewa kwabwino kusintha mbewu dimba.

Blackleg - amodzi mwa matenda mbatata. N'zosavuta kusiyanitsa chikasu nakunkhunizira masamba. Muzu, mapulaniwo zowola ndi kutembenukira wakuda ndi mbewu mosavuta anatulutsa. Kachilombo mbatata zomera zina matenda ndi chinyezi wamphamvu pa nthaka ndi mpweya. Matendawa kumaonekera pa yosungirako kapena pambuyo chodzala ndi tubers. Pofuna matenda m'njira yake amachotsedwa m'munda matenda zomera. Pamaso kasungidwe kwa tubers yozizira ndi zouma bwino.