The zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu mu malamulo a boma: lingaliro, maonekedwe ndi zinthu

Mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu mu malamulo a boma - lomweli silinasinthe mchitidwe lamulo lililonse kukhumudwa, amene afotokozedwa mu watilakwira maganizo a munthu ndi khalidwe, zolinga patsogolo ndipo boma maganizo. Amakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri: mlandu wa tchimo (chofunika kwake) ndipo zina kapena optional (zolinga maganizo). Ngati pamaso pa woyamba ndi Choyenereza zofunika kuchita monga umbanda, ena kulola yekha woyenera, mitigated chilango otyazhelev. Zochitika za mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu kutchulidwa chilango Code la Chitaganya cha Russia, koma osati exhaustible kwathunthu (chifukwa chikhalidwe chawo mosalekeza zamatsenga).

Cholinga cha mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu

Kufunika kwa mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu sitingalephere kukambapo, chifukwa chimodzi cha zinthu zinayi chofunika umboni mu kufufuza pretrial. udindo wake ndi motere.

1. Kufunika ganizilani zinthu monga milandu. Vinyo Umo ndimo waukulu n'zofunika kwambiri.
2. Kutheka kusiyana milandu yosiyanasiyana.
3. Iwo limachititsa nadzawasankhula milandu ndi machimo ena (utsogoleri, ntchito).
4. Molondola kumatanthauza zili mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu limakupatsani bwino ayenerere mchitidwewo kuthandauza kwa malire a chilango pamaziko a chandamale kulunjika colinga kapena kupalamula.

Vinyo - ndi mbali yofunika ya mbali zotengera malingaliridwe

Zoipa tinganenedi chimodzi cha zidutswa zazikulu za mbali m'maganizo, koma zilibe kuchepetsa izo. The Code Wachifwamba okha amazindikira wamphamvu wofuna ndi maganizo gawo la mlandu, kunyalanyaza maganizo. Izi zikhoza bwino ku mawonedwe a mavuto kufufuza ndi mtima wa zinthu maganizo a wolakwayo.

Zizindikiro kuvomerezedwa mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu analembedwa zigawenga lamulo h. 1. Art. 5 Code Wachifwamba, limene mosapita m'mbali limasonyeza indispensability cha vuto mu kapangidwe ka mchitidwewo.

Mtundu mlandu: cholinga mwachindunji

Premeditation amaloledwa kuganizira mawonekedwe owopsa mlandu kwa anthu, chifukwa watilakwira si bwino akungodutsa kuchita ndi oletsedwa, komanso amafunitsitsa zotsatira zoipa. Iye chigweranso mitundu awa: mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina.

Direct cholinga - zisathe mwadala kanthu za nkhaniyi, umalimbana kukhazikitsa upandu kugwirizana ndi moyang'ana m'tsogolo zotsatira za iwo (kuti Chili zigawo ziwiri: wamphamvu wofuna ndiponso anzeru). Pofuna kuzindikira munthu wolakwa chokhumudwitsa ngati zilibe kanthu kaya iye ankadziwa unali mlandu.

Pa kufufuza anachita oletsedwa ndi zofunika kwambiri zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya vutolo, mawonekedwe a ndikupeleka. Ngati ife kuganizira cholinga, kuti ali mkulu ngozi chikhalidwe. Ena zinthu zophwanya malamulo ndi zolemba dala, chifukwa kuzindikira zinthu ngati zimenezi, komanso zotsatira zake, iwo mwachionekere (kuba katundu ndi kulowa m'nyumba, kuba).

Mtundu mlandu: mozungulira cholinga

Sitipereka cholinga ali kusiyana kwa mwachindunji, koma lilinso ndi mkulu ngozi chikhalidwe. Aluntha mbali mwa iwo ndi zofanana, chifukwa milandu onse, wina azindikira kuti anachimwa oletsedwa. Volitional chigawo mawonekedwe a cholinga ndi chifukwa mphwayi kuti zotsatira (koma pali kumvetsa Mwina awo yatsoka). Wopalamulayo mwachindunji ndi momveka chimauza zolinga, zolinga zochita, ndipo zotsatira zake si fungulo kwa izo.

Ntchito wofufuzayo ndi yeniyeni tanthauzo la mtundu wa cholinga, monga poyesa wapangidwa kokha ndi cholinga mwachindunji. Komanso zolakwa udindo nkhani (wojambula, kulinganiza zinthu, anayambitsa, mnzangayo) Kodi aliyense payekha payekha likuvutika unsembe zolondola.

Mitundu ya kupalamula: lightheadedness chigawenga

Lingaliro la mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu mulinso nthawi ya kachitidwe wrongful Nkhalango zochepa zokha. A zosiyana ndi kusasamala zigawenga. Mtundu chosasamala amakhala ndi chakuti anthu timvetsetsetse Mwina zotsatira zoipa Koma mopupuluma amakhulupirira kuti samabwera mu luso lawo, luso, luso la ntchito, makhalidwe (zomwe zilibe umboni).

Wanzeru mfundo iyi angafotokozedwe monga zokhudza Mwina zotsatira zoipa, ndi amphamvu wofuna - monga phunziro la chikhulupiriro mwa kupewa awo. Mu Code Wachifwamba ndi zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu, m'malo lightheadedness, sapezeka kusiyana ya ule akhadawisa mavuto osiyana. Wopalamulayo safuna asayembekezere, khulupirirani bwino zochita zawo.

Mitundu ya kupalamula: chosasamala chigawenga

Mitundu yonse zotheka mlandu chosasamala chigawenga imatengedwa wamng'ono chikhalidwe oopsa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti munthu winayo sasamalira zotsatira zoipa Komabe, chifukwa ntchito kapena ntchito zina ayenera ndipo akhoza kuchita izo.

Pali mfundo ziwiri zofunika zimene kuthandiza kuti ayambe kuchita chosasamala chigawenga. Ndi udindo ndiponso mwayi. Woyamba ndi ntchito contractual ndi zina udindo, zimene zikupangitsa kuti anthu chidwi ndi kuyembekezera zotheka mavuto onse negative. Kuthekera zikutanthauza kuti phunziro akhoza bwinobwino kumvetsa zimene zidzachitike zomvetsa Nkosatheka.

The mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu mu malamulo a boma akuyenerera ndi wapolisiyo, koma kumapeto kokha katswiri ophunzitsidwa akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ku ngozi motayirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu sanali kuoneratu zosayembekezereka wa mavuto amene sakuyenera kuchitika, koma chinachitika chifukwa chinachake.

Wothira vinyo mu malamulo a boma

Ngakhale m'banja malamulo a boma anakhazikitsa yekha mawonekedwe chakale kupalamula, kunyalanyaza zina zotheka aakulu dongosolo maganizo, tisaiwale kuti kwa nthawi yaitali kuphunzira mitundu ngati kuchita. Mmodzi wa iwo osokonezeka, vuto awiri, amene angathe kukhala mu nkhani za lamulo chigawenga.

Ntchito wofufuzayo ndi Choyamba, kudziwa cholinga chake chapachiyambi cha ichi. Chitsanzo chabwino, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti chowawa mwathupi choipa. Ngati munthu kwachititsa kwa munthu, koma anakafa pamapeto pake, upandu imatengedwa dala (kanthu chachikulu chinali khalidwe cholinga - kuvulala anthu). Wapolisiyo ayenera kukusalani cholinga cha akuganiza kuti imfa ya woberedwa, osati choipa. Izi ndi kusiyana yaikulu chifukwa zinthu izi kuphimba zosiyanasiyana upandu, nkhani, pali kusiyana mu popereka chilango.

Mwachitsanzo ichinso kulilingalira la mlanduwo atypical kumene mlandu akuganiza a kudzayesedwa mwa prism wa thanzi la munthu wovulalayo. Ngati munthu kwachititsa ena akuluakulu thupi akavulala limadzetsa imfa, kwenikweni ikuchitika kudzifufuza azamalamulo mtembo. Chifukwa akuganiza akhoza kwenikweni chifukwa ena kuvulala kwa wozunzidwayo yekha (popanda kufuna imfa), koma chomalizachi anafa chifukwa zinthu thanzi, zina zokhudza chamoyo, amene sanali kudziwika kwa wolakwayo. Zikatero, mchitidwewo adzakhala oyenerera monga chowawa kuvulazana (popanda chochitika kukulitsa - kuchititsa imfa).

zinthu unsankhula zotengera malingaliridwe mbali

Zizindikiro za mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a kulakwa - si vinyo, komanso zina zovuta njira psychophysical kuti amafuna unsembe pa siteji ya kufufuza chisanadze mayesero.

Koyamba, vinyo yekha ali wofunikila kuzindikira machimo nkhani wolakwa. Komabe, maganizo amenewo ndi "cholinga," "chandamale" ndi "boma maganizo", mbali yofunika kwambiri mu lililonse upandu kaya zalembedwa mu khalidwe la ponseponse kapena ayi. zochita Unmotivated mwina zikuphatikizapo kuchita mlandu (anachokera ku zodziwika maganizo).

Tanthauzo lolondola la gulu ili, monga mbali optional a mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu kumathandiza kudziwa osati pamwamba zoonekeratu mfundo mlanduwo, komanso kwambiri kufufuza adzadziwire lobadwa lapansi. Zinthu zimenezi wa wofufuzayo monga zokhudzana ndi milandu (kuphunzira umunthu wa wolakwayo).

Cholinga monga mchitidwe optional a mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu

Lingaliro la mbali upandu zotengera malingaliridwe si Zina zina (ngati mukufuna) chosonyeza monga motif a. Izi akhoza zimachitika chikhalidwe maganizo zosiyana.

Zolinga za khalidwe wachifwamba - ndi ya zifukwa, zolinga ndi zikhulupiriro mkati kuti chifukwa anthufe timafuna kuti zosowa zawo za umbanda. Iwo zikugwirizana kwambiri zosowa, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, khalidwe la umunthu wa munthu.

mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a mlandu m'chilamulo chigawenga sangaonekerenso popanda Anabwereka nzeru, kuwerenga maganizo ndi mfundo zimene limaphunzitsa. The motif komanso amachita zazikulu zovuta zolinga maganizo zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachititsa kufunika zosowazo. Iwo sangakhoze anapambulwa pa dziko kunja, chifukwa zolinga zachokera mogwirizana kwa zinthu zenizeni, zochitika zandale, ndi anthu, milingo chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Mitundu ya zolinga malamulo a boma

Onse mbali optional a mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu ndi n'kofunika kuposa vinyo. Chinanso chofunika mitundu, zomwe zikuonetsa chigawenga choopsa, mfundo zake za makhalidwe abwino ndi maganizo sakonda. Gulu zosavuta amajambulapo maluwa okongola anabwereka izo kwa sayansi wa zamaganizo ndi ndinazolowera milandu.

1. Wachisoni chilimbikitso (ndi asocial mtundu): dyera, mkwiyo, dyera, kubwezera, udani, nsanje, ndi ena ambiri. Nthawi zambiri iwo amakula.
2. zifukwa ndale: ulova mphwayi, kusowa chochita.
3. Zabwino zolinga: okoma mtima, chifundo. Iwo sakudziwa kukusalani udindo pa chigawenga Komabe, kuchepetsa chilango. CHITSANZO yeniyeni motif zabwino kungachititse nkhani ya kumaliza: namwino, pofuna kuthetsa ululu ndi chakudya wodwala chimapangitsa jekeseni mankhwala amene ali ndi zotsatira woopsa pa thupi. kulakwa anachita, ngakhale ali ndi zolinga zabwino.

Cholinga kukhala mbali ya mbali zotengera malingaliridwe

Ngati cholinga ndi kuyankha funso la chifukwa munthu wachita upandu, cholinga cha kupereka yankho la funso la chifukwa iyo imachita. upandu zotengera malingaliridwe amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana mavuto amaganizo, koma cholinga akusewera yofunika kwambiri kuphunzira khalidwe chigawenga ndi wakhalidwe losalongosoka.

Nkhope Cholinga asanayambe kanthu popanda yekha ndi mlandu. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti chiyenera kukhala m'njira zake mwadala. mawu awa tingaiphunzire mfundo, kuyambira chosasamala wotaya zomwenso ake pamene zolinga tikudzipereka kuchita oletsedwa.

The zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu mu malamulo a boma, ndicho cholinga nkhani ayenerere ndi kuzindikira zochita wolakwa zina yovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ena zolinga za upandu akhoza m'chilango Chilango dyera, kubwezera wosangalala chilakolako chogonana, nsanje, wobisa upandu wina kapena mutsogolo nchito imene anapatsidwa.

Mtengo wa chandamale monga mbali ya mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu

Cholinga cha chikhalidwe si gulu malamulo, koma nthawi zambiri malamulo a boma (a zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu) amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati chinthu kukulitsa. tanthauzo lake lagona pa mfundo pansipa.

1. Pamaso pa cholinga chapadera cha kuchita mlandu angaone ngati kuchita oopsa kwa anthu kapena ayi (Art. 1, Art. 162 ya Code Wachifwamba).
2. chandamale kungakhale ayenerere (zambiri kukulitsa) chochitika (lomweli. 1, v. 63 CC RF).

Maganizo boma - mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu

Kukhumudwa - yochepa mmene anthu kuti zinthu kunja ndi mkati, zomwe zikugwirizananso ndi zochita khalidwe. Iwo sizisonyeza cholinga chenicheni, koma kusonyeza subjectivism (a amaika zikhulupiriro, maganizo). Phunziro ndi mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu sangakhoze anapatukana chifukwa choyamba kudzera maganizo, zochita, maubale Mzimuyo yotsirizira (sangaonekerenso popanda).

A boma la chilakolako mu mbali procedural amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mwa zinthu zina. Art. 104 ndi Art. 110 wa Code Wachifwamba kukhazikitsa makonzedwe apadera kwa ntchito ndi mlandu pa mtima ndi maganizo ndi chipwirikiti. Bwanji za nkhani izi bwino zimayamba ndi zinthu zachiwawa kapena maganizo pa mbali ya wovulalayo.

Zadzidzidzi kapena ngozi

Lililonse dera moyo wa munthu zikuphatikizapo mavuto osiyanasiyana kazusnye yotero ndi malamulo a boma (a zotengera malingaliridwe mbali ya upandu makamaka). Udindo anafotokoza malamulo hr., Ndipo 1 hr. 2 tbsp. 28 wa Code Wachifwamba. Ngati munthu sanamvetse kapena sanathe kumvetsa kuti Iye anali akuchita mchitidwe wrongful, sanakuoneretu ndipo sakanatha kuchita zinthu izi, ndi ngoziyi wosalakwa.

The kungoganizira za kusalakwa mu malamulo a boma

Makonzedwe amenewa ndi demokalase uweme ndi malamulo, chifukwa munthu sangathe kuziona ngati chigawenga bola ngati palibe umboni kwa mwake. Kwenikweni ake akuwonetseredwa mu vinyo, zomwe zili m'gulu la nkhani za "mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu" lingaliro. Cholinga, cholinga ndi zinthu zina mulibe udindo chifukwa cha kufunikira kwake zazing'ono ndi kuvuta Choyenereza.

Munthu atha kukhala chigawenga yekha palokha boma thupi - bwalo. The yamtunduwu wa anthu ena ndi nyumba akuwonetseredwa mu mutsogolo umboni deta. Pofuna kutsimikizira mlandu wa nkhaniyi zimatheka ngati nambala ya angatsutse wonse, zokwanira ndi ufulu wodzilamulira umboni.

Zizindikiro kuvomerezedwa mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu - chinthu choyamba chimene ayenera kuphunzira m'kupita kwa choncho, kuyambira mtima wa malo, nthawi, njira, ndi zigawo zina zazing'ono popanda kukhazikitsa mlandu yekha kumabweretsa kuchedwa mu Kuthi wachifwamba. Pa kufufuza chisanadze mayesero si ololedwa dzina chigawenga akuganiza. Kuphwanya mfundo imeneyi - kulephera izi kutsatira lamulo pa chilungamo ndi immediacy kwa mlanduwo.

Kufunika kwa mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu ndi maudindo ambiri amene kale kale. Mwachidule iwo kachiwiri.

1. Ndi mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu zikusonyeza mbali maganizo a upandu, amene amafuna kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane. Kungakuthandizeninso kulenga mbiri maganizo lobadwa lapansi. Nthawi zambiri, tanthauzo yeniyeni ndi maganizo ndi makhalidwe enieni wolakwayo zikusonyeza kuthekera khalidwe pambuyo ndende, muyambirenso uphungu.
2. Mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a kulakwa - ndi mbali yaikulu ya kufufuza, popanda zomwe sikutheka kuti ayenerere kuchita chilichonse monga umbanda. Ngati nthambi zina za lamulo kupereka chilango popanda vuto, izo ndikoletsedwa mu malamulo a boma.
3. Kuphunzira mphindi zotengera malingaliridwe a upandu kumafuna yamtunduwu mkulu, maphunziro a alonda yazamalamulo. Pamene mfundo cholinga akhoza amatengedwa pa anayendera loyamba powonekera, makhalidwe maganizo amafuna osiyana kufunsidwa syntheses mayeso kufufuza covert.

Mbali zotengera malingaliridwe a kuyan'anila wachifwamba - ichi ndi chithunzi chenicheni cha ubwenzi maganizo upandu. Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa mbali mkati, zinthu zomwe ndi mavuto a khalidwe limeneli, choncho n'kofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko chigawenga.