Vegetative kubalana. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? kutanthauza micropropagation

Kubereka ndi imodzi mwa makhalidwe a zamoyo zonse, pamodzi ndi kupuma, kudya, kuyenda ndi ena. Kutanthauza n'zovuta Musaone, chifukwa zipangitsa kupitiriza kwa mibadwo, motero kuli kwambiri za moyo padziko lapansi.

Mu chikhalidwe dzina lake ndondomeko ikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo - asexual vegetative kubalana. Umapezeka makamaka zomera. Mtengo wa kafalitsidwe vegetative ndi mitundu ake ayankhidwa mu buku athu.

ndi asexual kubalana Kodi

Sekondale zamoyo ndiyo kafalitsidwe vegetative zomera (kalasi 6, gawo "zomera") monga mmodzi wa mitundu ya asexual. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'kupita kwa kukhazikitsa samenya nawo maselo nyongolosi. Ndipo moyenera, recombination wa mudziwe kumtundu sizingatheke.

Ndi njira yakale kwambiri ya kubereka, khalidwe la zomera, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi nyama zina. Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu mapangidwe bulanchi a mitundu kholo.

Kuwonjezera vegetative, pali njira zina asexual kubalana. The wosazindikira ambiri izi ndi gulu m'zipinda awiri. Choncho kuchulukitsa nyama zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi zomera komanso mabakiteriya.

Baibulo lina njira ndi gulu angapo. Iwo imodzi anapanga angapo bulanchi a yemweyo selo kholo. Izi zimachitika Mwachitsanzo, Plasmodium falciparum, amene ali parasitic maselo a magazi.

A mwapadera asexual kubalana ndi mapangidwe spores. Horsetails, Mumapezekanso, ndere ndi club ndere kubereka njira imeneyo.

Asexual vegetative kubalana

Nthawi zambiri, pamene asexual kubalana latsopano chamoyo akukula gulu lonse maselo kholo. Mtundu uwu wa asexual kubalana amatchedwa vegetative.

Kenako, ife kufotokoza mitundu ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zimene yodziwika ndi kafalitsidwe vegetative. Tebulo imalemba iwo, udzapeza chithunzithunzi cha kuchuluka kwa mtundu uwu wa kubalana.

Kubalana mbali ziwalo vegetative

Vegetative chomera ziwalo ndi kuthawa, wopangidwa mwa zimayambira ndi masamba, ndi mizu - mobisa limba. Komanso yogawanika kuchokera mbali ya multicellular awo kapena phesi munthu akhoza kukwaniritsa cloning.

ndi chitsanzo cuttings chiyani? Ndi njira ya anati yokumba vegetative kafalitsidwe. Choncho, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha tchire currant ndi jamu, muyenera kutenga gawo la kachitidwe kawo muzu ndi impsozo, limene pamapeto pake kubwezeretsedwa kuthawa.

Koma mphesa kuswana wosakanikirana petioles tsinde. A iwo nthawi ina kuti achire ndi mizu ya zomera. chofunika ndi kupezeka kwa mtundu uliwonse impso mu tsinde la.

Koma kwa kubalana zomera zambiri m'nyumba amagwiritsa ntchito masamba. Ndithudi, ambiri sitimadzipereka unsembe violets.

Kubalana kusinthidwa mphukira

zomera zambiri kupanga ziwalo vegetative wa zosintha kuti kuwalola kugwira ntchito zina. Mmodzi mwa ntchitozo - vegetative kafalitsidwe. Kodi kusinthidwa wapadera wa mphukira, ife kumvetsa ngati tikambirana payokha mizu, mababu ndi zikhawo.

pomwepo kenaka

Mbali imeneyi ya mbewu ili mobisa ndipo akufanana ndi muzu, koma, ngakhale dzina, ndi kusinthidwa wa athawe. Amakhala internodes elongated, amene achoka ku mizu adventitious ndi masamba.

Zitsanzo za zomera kuti kubereka mwa rhizomes, ndi kakombo wa mzigwa Iris, timbewu. Limatchedwa thupi angapezeke mu namsongole. Aliyense akudziwa kuti n'zovuta kuchotsa bedi udzu. Kulichotsa ilo mu nthaka, anthu amayamba kusiya mbali ya mizu sprawling wa wheatgrass mobisa. Ndipo patapita nthawi yina, iwo kumera kachiwiri. Choncho, kuchotsa udzu otchedwa, m'pofunika mosamala kukumba.

babu

Wamitundumitundu, adyo, Narcissus ndiponso kubereka ntchito podezmnyh zosintha mphukira, wotchedwa mababu. Awo mosabisa phesi otchedwa Donets. Pa ndi yowutsa mudyo minofu masamba, katundu pa zakudya, ndi impso. Iwo kungadzutse zamoyo zatsopano. Babu amalola chomera kupulumuka pansi zovuta kuswana nyengo - chilala kapena ozizira.

Tuber ndi masharubu

Kutsanzira mbatata safuna kubzala mbewu, ngakhale kuti ndipamene maluwa ndi zipatso. zomera imabereka ndi mobisa mphukira zosintha - tubers. Kufalitsa mbatata, ngakhale kuonetsetsa kuti anali tuber lonse. Wokwanira mpukutu munali masamba kuti adzaphuka mobisa, kubwezeretsa chomera lonse.

A sitiroberi ndi strawberries pambuyo maluwa ndi fruiting mitundu malo chikwapu (ndevu), amene mphukira zatsopano. Mwa njira, iwo akhoza Musasokonezeke ndi ting'onoting'ono ta nthambi ya mphesa, mwachitsanzo. zomera iwo amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kukhoza kukhala poponda pa thandizo udindo bwino kwambiri poyerekezera ndi dzuwa.

kugawikana

Osati zomera zokha angathe kubereka mwa kulekanitsa ziwalo Mipikisano ma. chodabwitsa Izi anatinso nyama. Kugawikana monga kubalana vegetative - ndichiyani? Zimenezi zochokera luso zamoyo kuchira - ayambe anamwalira kapena kuonongeka ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, thupi la unyolo wa angachire munthu lonse, kuphatikizapo chimakwirira ndi ziwalo za nyama.

gemmation

Budding - njira ina kubereka, koma vegetative masamba kwa izo ndi wosayenera. Kwenikweni ake ali motere: pa thupi la kholo lake aumbike protrusion, ilo limakula, zimatengera pa mbali ya chamoyo wamkulu ndipo lamamatira ku moyo paokha.

Ndi ntchito ya budding amapezeka mu madzi oyera hydra. Koma nthumwi zina coelenterates - ngale - anapanga protrusion si lamamatira ndi kukhala mu thupi la mayi. Chifukwa, am'nyanja anapanga akalumikidzidwa zapamwamba.

Kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa pastry, zomwe zakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi yisiti ndi njira, ndi chifukwa cha kubereka awo vegetative ndi budding.

kutanthauza micropropagation

Monga mukuonera, vegetative kubalana mu chilengedwe kunafalikira zokwanira. Njira kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka mofulumira chiwerengero cha anthu a mitundu ina. The zomera, ngakhale nambala zipangizo, mu mawonekedwe a zosintha ku muzu ndi mphukira.

Ntchito yokumba vegetative kafalitsidwe (kuti mfundo kumatanthauza poyamba ananena), wina wachulukitsa zomera, lomwe lili unathandiza malonda. Izo sikutanthauza munthu wa atsikana. Pakuti kumera zomera wamng'ono kapena chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano chilengedwe akupezekanso amene thupi la mayi amakhala.

Komabe, mitundu yonse ya asexual kubereka, kuphatikizapo vegetative, pali mbali imodzi. Zotsatira zake ndi zikamera wa zamoyo chibadwa umene muli ndi buku lenileni la kholo la. Kupulumutsa mtundu ndi makhalidwe majini njira la kubalana ndi abwino. Koma ndi masiyanidwe onse ndi zambiri zovuta.

Asexual kubalana zambiri zimaphwanya thupi la maonekedwe zotheka a m'nkhaniyi latsopano, ndipo ndi njira kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Choncho, ambiri a mitundu kuthengo ndipo amatha kuchita ndondomeko kugonana.

Ngakhale drawback izi, pamene kuswana nakulitsa zomera wapatali kwambiri ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito akadali vegetative kafalitsidwe. Munthu osangalala njira imeneyi chifukwa cha zosiyanasiyana za lonse la mwayi yaing'ono mwa mawu a nthawi, ndipo chiwerengero cha tizilombo kuti kubereka unsembe anafotokoza.