The mphamvu zili matumbo a dziko lapansi. mphamvu Geothermal ndi dziko lapansi

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu ndi mapangidwe anthu anayamba kuyang'ana ano ndi pa yomweyo yosafuna njira yodalirika mphamvu. Kuti lero lino zimamangidwa okwerera osiyana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ankagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zili matumbo a dziko lapansi. Chimene icho chiri? Yesetsani kumvetsa.

mphamvu geothermal

Kale ku dzina zikuonekeratu kuti ndi kutentha subsurface. Pansi kutumphuka ndi chiphalaphala wosanjikiza kukhala lawi-zamadzimadzi silicate Sungunulani. Malinga ndi maphunziro, kuthekera mphamvu ya mphamvu kutentha ndi nkhokwe apamwamba kwambiri dziko ya gasi ndi mafuta. Chiphalaphala akubwera pamwamba - Chiphalachi. Ndipo ntchito kwambiri zimawonedwa mu zigawo za dziko lapansi, ndiwo malire a mbale tectonic, komanso kumene matanthwe a amakhala ndi mochenjera. Geothermal mphamvu ya dziko analandira motere: chiphalaphala ndi madzi chuma cha dziko ndi mu kukhudzana, ndi chifukwa chakuti madzi akuyamba kutenthetsa kwambiri. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuphulika kwa geyser, ndi mapangidwe otchedwa nyanja yotentha ndi mafunde apansi pamadzi. Kuti Umutu ndi zochitika za chikhalidwe, katundu amene ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati Gwero losatha la mphamvu.

magwero yokumba geothermal

Mphamvu zopezeka mu nthaka, kuti ntchito mwanzeru. Mwachitsanzo, pali lingaliro la kulenga boilers mobisa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kubowola zitsime awiri mwakuya zokwanira zokhudza pansi. Ndiko kuti, likukhalira kuti pafupifupi kulikonse m'dziko akhoza zopezera geothermal mphamvu njira mafakitale kudzera bwino lizakutsongolerani kupopa madzi ozizira mu posungira, ndipo chachiwiri - anachira madzi otentha kapena nthunzi. Amapanga magwero kutentha ndi yopindulitsa ndipo ndiyanzeru, ngati kutentha chifukwa udzabala mphamvu zambiri. nthunzi akhoza kupita kwa magudumu chopangira mphamvu, umene kupangidwa magetsi.

Kumene, kutentha anasankha - izo zangokhala timene zimene pali m'matangadza wamba. Koma tikumbukire kuti kutentha kwambiri adzakhala nthawi zonse kusinthidwa chifukwa cha njira ya kuvunda nyukiliya, psinjika a miyala, mchere mtolo. Monga akatswiri amanena, chokhuthala amasonkhana kutentha, chiwerengero cha nthawi 5000 phindu calorific m'matumbo malasha wa dziko lonse. Iwo likukhalira kuti pa ntchito ya okwelera ngati chongopeka analenga geothermal akhale malire.

magwero Features

Magwero, amapereka mphamvu geothermal kuli kovuta mokwanira ntchito. Alipo m'maiko oposa 60 padziko lonse, ndi mapiri ambiri lapadziko pa dera la mphete la Moto. Komabe likukhalira kuti magwero geothermal m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli ndi osiyana kwambiri katundu wawo, womwe pafupifupi kutentha, amenewa, gasi zikuchokera, acidity ndi zina zotero.

Geysers - magwero a mphamvu mu dziko, zimene zimaonetsa chakuti pa intervals ena n'kumatulutsa madzi otentha. Pambuyo phirilo liphulike, dziwe asadzakhale ndi madzi, pansi muona njira, amene amapita kwambiri mu nthaka. Geysers monga magwero mphamvu ntchito mu madera monga Kamchatka, Iceland, New Zealand ndi North America, ndi geysers umodzi zimapezekanso ku mbali zina.

Kodi mphamvu unachokera kuti?

pafupi ndithu pamwamba akadali otentha kwa chiphalaphala m'mbuyomu. Kuchokera pamenepa, mipweya kuima ndi utsi umene kukweza ndi zokulitsa fractures. Kusakanikilana ndi pansi, iwo chifukwa Kutentha awo, kutembenukira okha mu madzi otentha imene zinthu zambiri kusungunuka. Madzi adzamasulidwa pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a magwero osiyanasiyana geothermal, akasupe a madzi otentha, magwero mchere, geysers ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi asayansi, matumbo otentha a padziko lapansi - m'phanga kapena kamera chikugwirizana passageways ming'alu ndi ngalande. Iwo basi kudzaza ndi pansi, ndi pafupi kwambiri ili matumba a chiphalaphala. Motero anapanga mphamvu matenthedwe ndi dziko.

Munda magetsi a Dziko Lapansi

Pali mu chikhalidwe ndi wina njira mphamvu gwero, amene amakhala ndi polojekiti, waubwenzi zachilengedwe, chomasuka ntchito. Komabe, mpaka tsopano gwero kokha akuphunziridwa ndi ntchito mchitidwe. Choncho, mphamvu angathe Lapansi aphimbidwa m'munda wake magetsi. Landirani mphamvu mu njira imeneyi n'zotheka pa maziko a kuphunzira malamulo yaikulu ya electrostatics ndi mbali ya munda magetsi a Dziko Lapansi. Ndipotu lathuli ku mawonedwe a magetsi - ndi capacitor ozungulira wapatsidwa 300 000 volts. dera mumtima mwake ali ndi mlandu oipa, ndi akunja - ndi ionosphere - zabwino. m'mlengalenga ndi insulator. Kudzera, pali mosalekeza ion ndi convection mafunde kuti akafike mphamvu ya masauzande ambiri amperes. Komabe, kusiyana ulipo pakati pa maelekitirodi si yafupika.

Limanena kuti chikhalidwe pali jenereta, amene ntchito ndi mosalekeza chimathandiza pa kutayikira mlandu kwa mbale capacitor. Mu udindo umenewu jenereta ndi ntchito ngati munda Dziko Lapansi maginito, onsewo pamodzi ndi dziko lathuli mu mphepo otaya dzuwa. mphamvu maginito m'minda Earth Iwo akhoza analandira monga polumikiza jenereta kwa ogula mphamvu. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kuchita unsembe m'nthaka odalirika.

zongowonjezwdwa

Monga anthu a dziko lathu lakhala likunena kuwonjezeka, tiyenera mphamvu koposa kupereka anthu. Mphamvu zopezeka mu nthaka, akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pali zopangira magetsi zongowonjezwdwa: mphepo, dzuwa ndi madzi. Iwo zosawononga chilengedwe choyera, koma chifukwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda mantha kuvulaza chilengedwe.

Mphamvu ya madzi

Njira lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Masiku ano, anamanga nambala yaikulu madamu ndi mathanki imene madzi ntchito kupangira magetsi. Akamanena za njira imeneyi ya kanthu ndi losavuta: mchikakamizo cha mtsinje onsewo mawilo chopangira mphamvu, motero, mphamvu ya madzi n'kukhala magetsi.

Masiku ano, pali ambiri hydropower, amene atembenuke otaya madzi mu mphamvu ya magetsi. Mbali ya njira imeneyi ndi chuma mphamvu zimasinthidwa, motero, nyumba ngati ndi mtengo wotsika. N'chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti pomanga HPP imachitika kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo njira yokha ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma nyumba izi kwambiri amakhoza bwino kuposa zomera chenjezo.

Dzuwa mphamvu: zamakono zapamwamba

dzuwa mphamvu amapangidwa ndi mapanelo dzuwa, koma zamakono amalola kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano kuchita izi. Padziko lonse lapansi dzuwa magetsi ndi dongosolo anamanga mu California chipululu. Mwathunthu likukwaniritsa mphamvu m'nyumba 2000. Kumangidwa ukugwira motere: kuchokera kalirole kusonyeza dzuŵa, wotumidwa kwa kukatentha chapakati ndi madzi. Iwo zithupsa ndipo n'kukhala nthunzi kuti amayendetsa chopangira mphamvu ndi. Havayo, chikugwirizana ndi jenereta ya magetsi. Mphepo Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito monga mphamvu, amene amatipatsa dziko lapansi. Kunawomba mphepo mmwamba kupalasa imazungulira komweko. Ndipo tsopano mukhoza kuyigwiritsa ntchito kuti akonze chipangizo zimene kupangira magetsi. Onsewo tsamba chopangira mphamvu mphepo, izo amayendetsa ndi chopangira mphamvu kutsinde, womwe chiphatikizana ndi jenereta ya magetsi.

The mphamvu mkati mwa Earth

Iye anaonekera chifukwa cha njira zingapo, zofunika kwambiri zomwe - ndi accretion cha mpweya wa poizoni. Malinga ndi asayansi, mapangidwe a Dziko Lapansi ndi misa anali mamilioni angapo zaka, ndipo izo zinachitika chifukwa mapangidwe planetesimals. Iwo kukakamirana pamodzi, motero, anakula misa akuluakulu a Dziko Lapansi. Pambuyo lathuli linayamba ambiri masiku ano, koma panali panalibe mlengalenga, momasuka kugwa chammwamba ndi matupi asteroid. Zimenezi amatchedwa accretion chabe, ndipo kunadzetsa chakuti zimatulutsa kwambiri yokoka mphamvu. Ndi chachikulu cha mtembowo unagwera pa dziko kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu adzamasulidwa, ali matumbo a Dziko Lapansi.

Izi zosiyanasiyana yokoka kwachititsa chakuti zinthu ndi stratified: zinthu zolemera chabe anamira, ndipo chinayandama kuwala ndi loopsali. Zosiyanasiyana komanso inagunda pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka zina za mphamvu yokoka.

mphamvu nyukiliya

Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dziko angayambe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kumanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya kumene mphamvu matenthedwe anamasulidwa ndi kuvunda kwa particles zing'onozing'ono maatomu kanthu. The mafuta chachikulu ndi ureniamu, amene ali matanthwe a pansi padziko. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njira ya mphamvu ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri, koma ntchito zake amagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto. Choyamba, ureniamu limatulutsa cheza wakupha zamoyo zonse. Komanso, pamene mankhwala limalowera mu nthaka kapena m'mlengalenga, pali kwenikweni opangidwa tsoka. Chisoni zotsatira za Chernobyl tsoka timakhala masiku ano. Vuto lagona pa mfundo yakuti zinyalala za nyukiliya ungathe kusokoneza zamoyo zonse ndi nthawi yaitali kwambiri, kwa zaka zikwi zambiri.

Kwatsopano - nzeru zatsopano

Kumene, anthu lekani kumeneko, ndipo chaka chilichonse zoyesayesa zikuchuluka kupeza njira zatsopano kupanga mphamvu. Ngati mphamvu ya kutentha kwa dziko lapansi cimalandilidwa, ena njira si mophweka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gwero mphamvu akhoza ntchito biogas, amene analandira ndi zinyalala inali kuwola. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenthetsa m'nyumba ndi Kutentha madzi.

Makamaka, osefukira mphamvu okwerera mukumangidwa, pamene anaika madamu ndi turbines kudutsa pakamwa pa matupi madzi, amene anathamangitsidwa ndi amabwera ndipo amatha, motero, kulandira magetsi.

Kutentha zinyalala, timapeza mphamvu

Njira ina, amene kale ntchito Japan - ndiko Kulenga kwa incinerators. Lero iwo ali omangidwa mu England, Italy, Denmark, Germany, France, Netherlands ndi United States, koma Japan, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono awa ntchito osati kwa cholinga chake, komanso kupangira magetsi. mafakitale Local anatentha 2/3 wa zinyalala, ndiponso za mafakitale ndi okonzeka ndi turbines nthunzi. Choncho, iwo kupereka kutentha ndi magetsi kuti madera ozungulira. Pa mtengo yomweyo kumanga ogwira ntchito ngati zambiri yopindulitsa kuposa kumanga matenthedwe magetsi.

Izo zikuwoneka zambiri okopa chiyembekezo cha ntchito kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, pamene mapiri ali anaikira. Pankhaniyi, sayenera kubowola pansi kwambiri, chifukwa ngakhale pa akuya mamita 300-500 kutentha pamwamba kuwira mfundo ya madzi osachepera kawiri.

Palinso njira ina yopangira magetsi monga mphamvu haidrojeni. Haidrojeni - losavuta ndi lightest mankhwala mchitidwe - tinganene kuti mafuta abwino chifukwa ndi kumeneko kumene kuli madzi. Ngati wa hydrogen ndi kutenthedwa, n'zotheka kupeza madzi amene amaola mu mpweya ndi wa hydrogen. Haidrojeni lawi yokha wowona, ndiko kuti, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe sati ntchito. Mbali ya mchitidwe uwu kuti ali mkulu phindu calorific.

Kodi m'tsogolo?

Kumene, pa mphamvu ya maginito ya Dziko Lapansi, kapena zomwe amapangidwa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, angathe kukwaniritsa zofuna zonse za anthu, limene kukula chaka chilichonse. Komabe, akatswiri amanena kuti palibe chifukwa chodzionera monga mafuta chuma cha dziko nawobe zokwanira. The kwambiri kuti ntchito zambiri magwero latsopano woyera ndi zongowonjezwdwa.

Utsalira vuto la kuwonongeka kwa malo, ndipo ikukula kwambiri kudya. Kuchuluka kwa zoipa masikono mpweya, motero, mpweya umene timapuma ndi zoipa, madzi ndi zosafunika woopsawo, ndi nthaka ndi pang'onopang'ono zatha. N'chifukwa chake n'kofunika kwambiri nthawi yake kuphunzira zodabwitsazi, mphamvu pa Dziko kufunafuna njira zochepetsera kufunika kwa mafuta okumba pansi ndi kumagwiritsa ntchito magwero mphamvu zina.