Vulgar pemphigus: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, mankhwala, mankhwala. Matenda osokoneza bongo

Kodi matendawa akuwonetseredwa bwanji, monga pemphigus? Kuchiza ndi zizindikiro za matendawa zidzakambidwa pansipa. Komanso, mudzaphunzira za zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa komanso momwe amadziwiritsira.

Mfundo zazikulu

Pemphigus, chithunzi cha zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, ndi gulu losaoneka, koma loopsya kwambiri, lomwe limapweteka kwambiri komanso limapangitsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi matenda omwe amakhudza khungu ndi mucous membranes.

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu izi:

• Vulgar pemphigus;
• Fomu ya masamba;
• Zofanizidwa ndi leaf;
• Seborrhoea (angakhale ndi mayina monga Senira-Asher matenda, kapena erythematous).

Zomwe zimachitikira matendawa

Vulgar pemphigus ndi gulu la matenda opatsirana amtundu ndi a khungu omwe amapezeka mwachizolowezi, mobwerezabwereza.

Matendawa ndi odalirika. Amadziwika ndi njira yopitilirapo, komanso kupanga mapangidwe a intra-epidermal.

Ambiri osowa pemphigus amakhudza anthu a zaka zapakati pa 50 ndi kupitirira.

Nchifukwa chiyani matendawa akuchitika? Pali zongoganizira zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Pimple: chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa

Musanayambe kuchiza matendawa, ndi kofunika kupeza chifukwa chake matendawa amachitika mwa wodwalayo. Mwamwayi, ndizovuta kupeza chifukwa cha pemphigus chitukuko. Akatswiri akhala akulimbana ndi vutoli kwazaka zambiri. Panthawiyi akupereka maganizo okha:

• Zinthu zosaoneka, ndiko kumwa mankhwala, kuphatikizapo penicillin ndi zotsatira zake, interferons zosiyanasiyana ndi zina.
• Zinthu zosayenerera, kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha mthupi ndi majini.
• Zinthu zakuthupi (zingakhudzidwe ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuyera).
• Endocrine (mwachitsanzo, kulephera kwa mahomoni m'thupi la munthu).
• Mavairasi (herpesviruses).
• Kulandila zakudya zina.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo izi kufotokozera zochitika za matendawa, timatha kunena kuti: vulgar pemphigus ikhoza kukhala imodzi, matenda opatsirana pogonana, opatsirana, opaleshoni, a poizoni, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti zisadziwika ngati kusintha kumeneku kuli koyambirira kapena ngati Chikhalidwe chachiwiri, potengera zotsatira za chifukwa choyambitsa.

Choncho, kulephera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika bwino omwe akuwonekeratu ndikuwunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu nthawi zambiri.

Njira yochokera pachiyambi

Kodi kukula kwa matenda ngati pemphigus ndi kotani? Mutha kuona zithunzi za gawo loyamba la matendawa m'nkhaniyi. Akatswiri amanena kuti chimene chimayambitsa vutoli ndi kupanga mapuloteni oteteza autoaggressive kwa mapuloteni a m'banja la desmoglyin. Zomalizazi ndi mtundu wa "guluu", lomwe limagwirizanitsa maselo a epidermal pafupi ndi zinthu zofunikira zogwirizanitsa, zotchedwa desmosomes.

Pambuyo poyambitsa ma-lymphocytes ndi autoantibodies, antimaglyins amatha kusokonezana, ndipo epidermis imakhala yopanda phokoso ndi "kudyetsa", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zowawa ndi mabakiteriya aziwoneka mosavuta. Kuchita zamankhwala, chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa acantholysis.

Chifukwa cha ndondomeko yomwe yafotokozedwa, wodwala ali ndi zotupa pa khungu, komanso mu makulidwe ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo amadzaza ndi exudate ndipo nthawi zonse amavunda. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ma vesicles amachokera pamitengoyi, akuwonetsa ziphuphuzo ndi kupanga zilonda za purulent ndi matenda. M'milandu yosanyalanyazidwa, zochitika zoterezi zimatha kuphimba pafupifupi nkhope yonse ya thupi la munthu.

Mbiri yakale

Poyamba, akatswiri a matenda a dermatological sankadziwa chilichonse. Liwu lakuti "pemphigus" limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zilonda zonse za mucous membranes ndi khungu, zomwe zinaphatikizidwa ndi acantholysis, mapangidwe a vesicles ndi chigwirizano cha zotsutsana ndi kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba. Komabe, mu 1964 nkhani ina inalembedwa m'magazini ena azachipatala, omwe adasintha maganizo a madokotala pankhani ya matendawa, komanso momwe angapezere matendawa. Kuyambira nthawiyi kuti kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kutaya magazi m'magazi a odwala kunakhala chizindikiro chachikulu cha kupezeka kwa pemphigus.

Mwa njira, mu 1971 nkhani ina inafotokozedwa, momwe chikhalidwe chokhazikika ndi njira ya chitukuko cha matendawa zinaphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Mphuno pakhungu, chifukwa cha kukula kwa pemphigus yonyansa kapena yamba, imayimira chizindikiro choyamba cha chitukuko cha matendawa. Izi ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Malingana ndi akatswiri, iwo amawerengera mpaka 77% mwa mitundu yonse ya mawonekedwe a pemphigus.

Kusokonezeka mwa mawonekedwe a mabelter kumakhudza khungu la wodwalayo, komanso chiwalo cha m'kamwa ndi mmero. Pambuyo pake, amapita ku miyendo, kumayambiriro kwa thupi, nkhope ndi zina zotero.

Kodi ndiyenera kudziwa chiyani za matendawa? Monga lamulo, pemphigus ikuyamba mwadzidzidzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pamatope ochepa a khungu amatha kupangidwa, omwe amapezeka mofulumira kwambiri. Zomwe zili mkatizi ndizozimveka zamadzimadzi (zochepa).

Pambuyo kutsegula mapepala, malo opangidwira amapangidwa, omwe amachiritsidwa, koma amasiya maonekedwe a bulauni.

Kwa matenda oterewa, kudziwika kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe osatha ndi khalidwe. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthu ena opanda chithandizo anadzidzimutsa bwino mkhalidwewo, womwe unatsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezereka.

Kawirikawiri pemphigus yonyansa imaphatikizidwa ndi matenda achiwiri (candidiasis).

Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mapuloteni, madzimadzi ndi zotsatira zowopsa za matendawa mu mitundu yovuta yachisokonezo.

Kuzindikira matenda

Kodi zowopsya pemphigus zapezeka bwanji? Kuzindikira matendawa kumachitika kuchipatala. Pankhaniyi, kupezeka kwa matendawa kumapezeka potsatira zizindikiro za kuchipatala ndi zotsatira za mayeso.

Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo:

• Chizindikiro cha Asbo-Hansen. Chizindikirochi chikuwonekera poyika chala kapena chivundikiro pa galasi lonse (kutanthauza kuti sikunatsegulidwe). Njirayi imathandiza kuchepetsa matenda a epidermis kudera lomwe lili pafupi ndi papule, komanso kuwonjezera dera lake chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa madzi mkati.
• Chizindikiro cha Nikolsky. Chizindikirochi chikuwululidwa pakuthandizidwa kwa mphuno ndi madzi ndi kukwapula ndi chala cha khungu chomwe chiri kunja kwambiri pafupi ndi chotupacho. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyang'ana kwa epidermis kumachitika.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zowopsya pemphigus sizowona, koma zowunikira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mawonetseredwe oterewa angathe kuchitika m'madera ena.

Mayeso a Laboratory

Kodi zowopsya za pamphigus zapezeka bwanji? Chithandizo cha matendawa chokhachi chiyenera kuchitika pokhapokha atayesedwa kuchipatala. Kuzindikira kuti matendawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kusanthula kwake pogwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira swabs kapena zotchedwa "bulble" kuti zizindikire maselo a acantholytic (mwachitsanzo, maselo a epidermal omwe achita kusintha kwa morphological).

Izi ziyenera kuzindikiritsidwa makamaka kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wake, n'kosatheka kutsimikizira za kukula kwa matenda omwe amadziwika nawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pali matenda ena omwe ali ndi chithunzi chomwechi.

• Njira yowonongeka, yomwe imaloleza kuwonetsa mavitamini apangidwe a immunoglobulin G ndi A, komanso kudziwa antigen zikuluzikulu ndi zachiwiri-desmoglyin-3 ndi desmoglyin-1. Njira yodziwiritsira njirayi ndi yolondola kwambiri.

Choncho, matenda a "vulgar pemphigus" amachokera pazidziŵitso zozizwitsa za zizindikiro za kuchipatala komanso chithunzi cha matendawa, komanso zotsatira za immunofluorescence ndi njira yake yophunzirira.

Chithandizo

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha vulgar pemphigus, wodwalayo amapatsidwa glucocorticoids. Kukonzekera kwa gululi kumatengedwa mowopsya. Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala ngati amenewa kuli ndi zizindikiro zofunika. Koma zotsutsana ndi zotsatira, zimakhala zachiwiri.

Kodi ndi glucocorticoids yotani yomwe imaperekedwa ku matendawa? Mankhwala ochiritsira osowa pemphigus akhoza kukhala motere: Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, ndi Triamptcinolone.

Pambuyo pokonzanso mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, ndiko kuti, pakakhala palibe mabelter atsopano, mlingo wa mankhwala umachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndikusamutsira kumthandizira kuti muteteze kubwerera. Chithandizo chotero cha odwala ndi chautali kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa glucocorticoids, odwala angatumizedwe cytostatics-immunosuppressants, kuphatikizapo "Methotrexate", "Azathioprine" kapena "Prospidin." Iwo ndi ofunika kuchotsa zotsatira zomwe zimawavutitsa atalandira mankhwala ofunikira.

Zochiritsira zina

Ngati pali zizindikiro, kuti matendawa amatha kudzipha, wodwala akhoza kuuzidwa mankhwala opha tizilombo, komanso mankhwala omwe amathandiza ntchito ya mtima, kuteteza magazi ndi kuyimitsa ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso.

Ndiyeneranso kutenga potassium, calcium ndi mavitamini. Kuti chithandizo chamtundu wa pemphigus, mankhwala odana ndi zotupa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ma decoctions angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo, njira monga hemabsorption, kuikidwa magazi ndi plasmapheresis zingaperekedwe kwa iye.