World diamondi msika

Kodi mukudziwa za diamondi msika? Kodi okwanira ndi kufunika kwa miyala iyi? Kodi mukudziwa kuti voliyumu ya pachaka ya diamondi ndi madola biliyoni atatu a diamondi - biliyoni khumi, ndi pa zodzikongoletsera nawo - biliyoni fifite? Musaiwale kuti daimondi - ndi zopangira, daimondi - theka-yomalizidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera - yomalizidwa mankhwala. Komabe, ife funso limeneli pang'ono.

diamondi msika - kufunika kwa katundu mwanaalirenji

Pati? Diamondi msika - chinachake chimene mafani kwambiri ndi chidwi zosiyanasiyana katundu mwanaalirenji (osati ntchito za luso, Zosayiwalika, zovala kuchokera okonza wotchuka, mwanaalirenji zonunkhira). Kufunika kwa diamondi kukuonetsedwa pambuyo wosangalala zofuna anthu mu zofunikira. Choncho, tikhale iwo, monga ulamuliro, m'mayiko a zachuma patsogolo. Pali diamondi madipoziti m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Mwa njira, ambiri a m'gawo la maiko zochepa otukuka.

Zovuta njira ya miyala

Chinthu chotsatira chimene chiyenera anati za diamondi msika. Izi zikugwirizana ndi njira ya miyala, nthawi iliyonse odzipereka ku malo awo pamaso kulowa manja a wosuta mapeto. Ndipo njira iyi akudutsa magawo angapo.

Woyamba ndi kufufuza, kufufuza ndi kufufuza gawo lapansi. The chachiwiri - mu m'zigawo ya diamondi mu migodi patsogolo. Chachitatu - mu commodification ya diamondi akhakula mu kusanja ndi kuwunika. Wachinayi - mu daimondi malonda zipangizo m'misika pulayimale ndi sekondale. Chachisanu - mu daimondi kudula. Chimodzi - malonda. Seventh - mu kupanga zibangili. Chitatu - malonda kale zodzikongoletsera (yogulitsa ndi ritelo).

Gawo lirilonse lili cholinga chake. Choncho, "almazozavod" ndipo liyenera kukhala dongosolo limodzi.

katundu okha

Koma musaiwale, ndi zambiri za chinachake. Diamondi msika mwachindunji amadalira chuma chawo. Koma, tsoka, iwo n'zochepa. Choncho, pali mpikisano amazipanga kulimbikira mwa mayiko ambiri pa ulimi wa chuma ndi kufufuza kuli awo.

Posachedwapa, kwambiri kusintha zikuchitika mu msika diamondi lonse. Kumakhudzana ndi ndondomeko kukula kwa chikumbumtima mtundu wa anthu, kuphatikiza limati kuthetsa vuto mwakukuthetsa mthunzi chuma, kudalirana.

Diamondi salembedwa ogaŵikana luso ndi zodzikongoletsera. Choyamba ntchito pobowola osowa mzati, ntchito mapangidwe wankhanza kwambiri. The chachiwiri - palokha, kupanga diamondi.

malo migodi

Diamondi dziko msika kumatengera zifukwa zingapo. Mu malo oyamba ku malo kupangidwa. Lero, iwo amapangidwa m'mayiko oposa makumi awiri mphambu zisanu. Koma m'maiko onse sichitha kuwafufuza minda yawo. Buku waukulu wa mayiko ochepa kulola m'zigawo. Iwo - Australia, Namibia, Congo, South Africa, Angola, Canada, Russia ndi Botswana.

makampani diamondi

Tiyeni tikambirane umalimbikira lapansi. msika diamondi dziko amadziwika makamaka makampani "zina kuti adzipeza Eich ku Pihahiroti Billiton", "Rio Tingo", "De Pierce," ndipo, ndithudi, "ALKOROSA". Komabe, mu kusanja mayiko wa iwowa posachedwapa anataya pang'ono. Komabe angathe zina zachitukuko, iye anakhoza kumupulumutsa. Ambiri, mu pafupi akuti ku "ALKOROSA" mungayembekezere kwambiri patsogolo.

Russia - mpikisano amphamvu

Tsopano kwenikweni za la Russia. Diamondi msika mu Russia ndi ophunzira zonse mu dziko lino. Tangoonani 2011. Nthawi imeneyi ife zimagulitsidwa pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi atatu carats ya diamondi akhakula uncut. Chabwino, iwo - biliyoni atatu madola US. The Ogula zakunja chachikulu Russia - India, Israel ndi Belgium. Ngakhale diamondi Russian zogula mu UAE kapena Guinea.

Ambiri, Russia - mmodzi wa mpikisano kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Ngakhale ... "Alrosa" kampani pa vutoli, noticeable kusiyana. Kodi? ..

Pa vutoli,

Diamondi msika ndi mitundu yake chikusonyeza nthawi imeneyi. Azitsogolera mu izi, makampani awiri - "De Pierce" (South Africa), ndi "ALROSA". Chifukwa iwo miliyoni 133 carats ya diamondi akhakula anali ncho mu 2011. Kuchuluka okwana anali biliyoni 12,3 madola US. Osati kutenga nkhani diamondi anagulitsa ndi Anthuwa oletsedwa. Pachaka chisanadze mavuto milingo kupanga ranged ku carats 150 kapena 160 miliyoni. Mu 2008-2009, ulimi wa diamondi akhakula langokhala ndi makampani onse padziko lonse. Kupatulapo "ALROSA". Mogwirizana ndi ntchito zina chikhalidwe, kampani anakakamizika ntchito "mu otaya ndi". Chibwenzi, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti milingo chisanadze mavuto chikwaniritsidwa ndi 2017. Adzafupikitsidwa kupanga mabuku ikhalenso.

ntchito watsopano

msika diamondi ndi chuma - yogwirizana zinthu ziwiri. Taonani lalikulu latsopano ntchito zikuluzikulu, zomwe ukapatse dziko pafupifupi mamiliyoni 23 carats a zipangizo.

The choyamba - ndi "Gacho Kew." Iwo lili kumpoto kwa Canada. mphamvu yopanga ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 6 carats ndi 2020.

The chachiwiri - "dzina Karpinski chubu." Ili mu dera Arkhangelsk. polojekiti ndi wocheperapo a "ALROSA". chitukuko amagwira ndi kupanga za miliyoni 5 carats pachaka.

Chachitatu - "Bandar". Iwo ankakhala mu India. Mapa kupanga pafupifupi 5 miliyoni carats pachaka.

The kampani "gawo lachiwiri"

Daimondi msika mu chuma dziko yodziwika ndi "kulumpha" zizindikiro. Ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwake, ndi kampani komanso kusewera "gawo lachiwiri". Ngakhale anthu amene zinachitikira woyamba mu migodi ya diamondi.

Mwachitsanzo, "ndi Grib chitoliro". Poyamba zinali kugulitsidwa ku Russian mafuta kampani "LUKOIL". Komabe, kwa tsiku, Kutacha izo paokha.

Mlingo wa pachaka zokolola diamondi mu 2016 akafuna miliyoni 170 carats. Komabe, m'zaka wotsatira, kupanga adzauka pang'ono. Ndi 2020, kumaonjezera yekha wina miliyoni 5 carats. Mfundo yakuti m'matangadza tsopano pothetsa pang'onopang'ono zatha. Koma akuluakulu ntchito latsopano palibe kwambiri.

Komanso, akatswiri amanena kuti ngati posachedwapa adzapezeka latsopano diamondi wanga, kukonzekera ndiponso kufufuza ntchito akadali kutenga nthawi yambiri. Kuti, pofika mu 2020, chithunzithunzi chonse sanasinthe kwambiri.

zitsanzo chitukuko

Msika wa diamondi ali, mfundo, amatha kusiyanitsa ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri hereinafter. Chifukwa zonse kumadalira osati kokha pa atsogoleri amene anakhalako nthawi ya ubongo kupanga. A mbali yofunika amadziwikanso ankaimba ndi zikamera wa m'madera diamondi migodi. angathe kudzachita yopanga mabuku yaikulu ya diamondi akhakula ndi Democratic Republic of Congo ndipo Zimbabwe. Ngati nkhani zandale limakhazikitsa, adzakhala wokhoza kuchita kuti daimondi msika timakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri mu dziko lirilonse la maiko awa. Ndi 2020, kupanga dziko achuluke kuti carats miliyoni 209.

Ziyenda sewero supposes komanso kuwonjezereka kwakukulu mu katundu wambiri, likukula mofulumira GDP lonse mofulumira kwambiri (kuposa 3,9%). Motero, anthu ambiri diamondi akhakula akhoza kukula ndi carats 2020 miliyoni 371.

Ngakhale akatswiri kuganizira kwambiri ndiwofatsa njira ndi chitukuko msika. Pankhaniyi, opanga yaikulu kubweretsa kupanga pa mphamvu zonse sadzatha kuti chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma ndi zifukwa luso. World diamondi kupanga adzatsala pa mlingo zatsopano nthawi zina. Koma amayamba kutha pang'onopang'ono. Ndi 2020, lidzafika miliyoni 127 carats. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za nkhani za chitukuko zaka 10, malinga ndi akatswiri, msika lonse amafuna kuchepa kwa diamondi akhakula. kusiyana udzamvedwa yekha mu mabuku a.

Pakali pano, kusiyana okwanira ndi kufunika kwa diamondi ikukula. Ndi 2020, ndi kuchepekedwa akhoza kufika daimondi carats 72 miliyoni. Ndipo ndi - theka kupanga dziko.

Mmodzi wa osewera lalikulu pa dziko diamondi msika ndi Russia. Chaka zimagulitsidwa kunja, miyala kwambiri. Tumizani ikukula. Ambiri diamondi onse Russia yotengedwa ndi Belgium. Otsatidwa ndi Israel (dziko lililonse chaka akugula diamondi akhakula mtengo $ 300 miliyoni). miyala ambiri amatenga ndi India.

Mwa njira, Russia yokha akugula diamondi kunja. Voliyumu ya imports Russian komanso kuchuluka pachaka. Miyala anagula mu Guinea, Belgium, United Arab Emirates.

Ambiri diamondi onse mu Russian kampani migodi "ALROSA" (kuposa 90% ya okwana a). Malinga ndi ziwerengero za kampani 2020 kumwa mankhwala ndi diamondi mu dziko lidzafika madola miliyoni 128. Makamaka zidzachitika mu USA (45%), China (26%), India (20%), Japan (10%).

Pa zogulitsa kunja daimondi ku Russia ndi chiphatso makampani akuluakulu. Izi - "ALROSA", "ALROSA-Nyurba", "Severalmaz", "diamondi wa Anabar", "wotsika Lena", "Uralmaz", "Almazuvelirexport". Yaikulu Russian sewerolo ndi amagulitsa malonda okonzeka zopangidwa kuchokera diamondi (diamondi) ndi Smolensk PA "Crystal". Yotengedwa ndi "Crystal" 60% ya diamondi ku kampani "ALROSA", 4% ya diamondi akhakula - kampani "De Pierce," otsala a miyala - mu msika sekondale (kuphatikizapo, ndi pa mayiko Intaneti amagulitsa nsombazo).

Choncho, kulonga n'cigwagwa zotsatira. Mwina munthu padziko lapansi amene sankabwera anasangalala kukongola ndi nzeru ya diamondi. Ndithudi, izi ndi - weniweni mwanaalirenji! Diamondi miyala yamtengo wapatali anapambana kutchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kuzikwanitsa, osati aliyense angathere. Komabe, miyala chuma dziko n'zochepa. Posachedwapa, zasintha zambiri zikuluzikulu mu msika diamondi lonse. khalidwe lawo anakopeka ndi zosiyanasiyana njira - .. Kudalirana, ophatikizana zochita za mayiko polimbana ndi uchigawenga ndi mthunzi chuma, kulimbitsa ndi kukula kwa chikumbumtima dziko, etc. Choncho, fano watsopano wa daimondi msika. Utsogoleri makampani diamondi limabweretsa makampani kuti atchule maluso patsogolo malonda, kuphatikiza ntchito zawo vertically.