Yaikulu ya Kuwonongeka kwa dziko. Zoipitsitsa Kuwonongeka kwa dziko

Munthu wakhala akuyesetsa zouluka mlengalenga. Ancient Greek nthano zomwe Daedalus ndi mwana wake Icarus anasangalala kumwamba mothandizidwa ndi mapiko, omwe anapangidwa nthenga ndi sera ulusi.

Ndipo wamkulu wasayansi, zatsopano ndi wojambula Leonardo da Vinci kamodzi analenga zina zachidule wa zachilendo ndege. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za anthu kuuluka mu mlengalenga chosaneneka.

Anthu akhala akuyesera kwa nthawi yaitali kulenga ngati makina chakuwuluka. Ndipo anaika ...

Mbiri ya n'zimene mpweya dziko

The ndege yoyambirira mu mlengalenga idayamba m'ma XIX. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo izo zimayenera pamwamba pa ziwerengero lonse la n'zimene. Mu chitukuko ndege mu ndege (katundu ndi zonyamula) kuwonongeka mpweya wa dziko ayamba zinachitika. Ziwerengero wrecks awo amazipanga anakula mpaka 1970. Ndipo zaka 70 nsonga ya mavuto zoyipa kumwamba.

M'tsogolo, chifukwa kuwuka zamakono, kusintha kwa zipangizo ndege, ndipo amafuna malamulo ndi malangizo chitetezo mu 80s izo zinachitika kuchepetsa ngozi yokhudza ndege. Pali kuchepetsa mphamvu ya n'zimene kwa zaka 616 kwa 15.689 akufa 70 pa 300 masoka ndi 8000 aphedwa 2000s lapansi.

Za kuwonongeka kwa dziko, malo awo

Mwachirengedwe izi ziwerengero ndinadziwa chisoni ngozi akutenga United States. Malinga ndi zomwe amapeza Aviation Safety Network, mu dziko lino kuchokera 1945 mpaka pano, anali chinawonongeka nambala yaikulu ndege zonyamula - oposa 630. Pa ngozi imeneyi anapha anthu oposa 9,000.

Russia, mwatsoka, ndi lili pa nambala wachiwiri kuwirikiza kawiri izi. Kuchokera mu 1945 ku Soviet Union nthawi kuti ndi Russia ano panali ngozi zoposa 200 kumwamba. Ndi zoposa 5,000 akufa.

Yachitatu - kumbuyo Colombia.

Nambala zing'onozing'ono n'zimene - mu Ecuador.

Ziwerengero Kufalitsa n'zimene mpweya wa zaka zaposachedwapa ndi dziko

March 27, 1977 amalembedwa mbiri dziko chiwerengero cha anthu amene mu Ronaldo. Tenerife m'dera mwadzidzidzi anakumana awiri zapamadzi "747" odziwika ndege "Pan-America" ndi KLM. Kenako anthuwo anthu 583.

Chiwerengero cha ngozi ndege wakhala pang'ono ayamba mu dziko.

The ndege zoopsa kwambiri dziko, monga "chitetezo Current" (Swedish magazini), ndi Soviet "Aeroflot". Malinga ndi iwo, ziwerengero za n'zimene mu dziko limasonyeza kuti miliyoni 1 ndege ya "Aeroflot" ali oposa 18 masoka. lachiwiri pa mndandanda chisoni ndi ndege Taiwan - ngozi zoposa 11 pa miliyoni kulitsatira. malo chachitatu Egypt (zoposa 11), ndiye - India (oposa 10), Turkey, China, ndi Philippines, Korea South ndi Poland - pa 41 miliyoni flights ngozi oposa 6. Otetezeka - -South-West Company (USA). Pa ndege miliyoni 1.8 ndege kampani sizichitika masoka iliyonse.

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha akuvutika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dziko

tebulo ili mukuimira ndege ngozi zoopsa kwambiri, dziko.

Kumasulira kwa ena n'zimene ndege

Mu March 1974, pambuyo kutsegula kwa katundu chipinda French DC-10 ndege wako Turkey Airlines inagwera m'dera nkhalango. Total - 346 akufa.

Mu March 1977, kugunda wa Boeing 747-206B (KLM) kuchokera Boeing 747-121 (Pan Am) inagwera m'dera Islands Canary mu Tenerife. 583 kuphedwa (itawonongedwa lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse mu mlengalenga).

Mu May 1979, mogwirizana ndi kuwononga dongosolo hayidiroliki ya DC-10 (American Airlines) ndege inagwera m'dera Chicago. Kupha anthu 273.

Mu August 1980, pambuyo ankafika pangozi ya ndege anatentha L-1011-200 Tristar (Saudi) mu Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). anthu 301 anaphedwa.

Mu June 1985, a Irish Nyanja anawononga pa Boeing 747-237V Air India ndege pambuyo zigawenga kuphulika. Kupha anthu 329.

Mu July 1988, iye anawomberedwa pansi ndi kulakwitsa kupusa wa asilikali roketi chombo Vincennes (America) Airbus A300B2-202 (Iran Air). Zimenezi zinachitika mu Gulf. anthu 290 zatha.

Mu August 1985, iye inaonongeka m'phiri Boeing 747SR (Japan Airlines) mu Tokyo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pamene anayi anapulumuka. Kupha anthu 520.

Mu November 1996 mu Charkhi-Dadra (India) panali zipolowe wina Boeing 747-168B (kampani Saudi Arabia Airlines) ndi Chikazaki Ilyushin-76TD. Total anaphedwa pamene anthu 349.

Mu January 1996, mumzinda wa Kinshasa mu Zaire msika anagwa lomwa nyerere 32. Zoposa 297 akufa. anthu 4 anapulumuka wa oyendetsa (a adalira 5).

Posachedwa July 17, 2014, ku dera Chiyukireniya (makilomita 60 kuchokera kumalire ndi Russia), panali tsoka lina lowopsya - anagundidwa (izo anawomberedwa pansi ndi asilikali) ndege "Boeing-777" ( "Malaysia Airlines"). Kupha okwera 295 (kuphatikizapo ana 80), ndipo anthu onsewo (anthu 15). Kufikira tsopano, chifukwa chenicheni tsoka si mwalamulo Mukalongosola.

Imfa ya atsogoleri a boma pa ngozi ndege

World mpweya kuwonongeka zimachitika malo mosayembekezeka, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo anawapha iwo anthu a udindo osiyana anthu.

Atsogoleri a mayiko onse, monga ulamuliro, ntchito monga ndege gulu chifukwa ndalama nthawi. Amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ambiri ndipo ankaoneka kuti odalirika kukhoti chitetezo. Komabe, zida zosayembekezereka wolephera kapena basi chinthu anthu mu milandu zingachititse ngozi ndege. Iripano Kuwonongeka kwa dziko, amene akuluakulu dziko loyamba anaphedwa:

• Mu 2010 - Leh Kachinsky (mutsogoleli wa Poland) ndi mkazi wake, ambiri . Asilikali ku High Lamulo la Polish ndi mafanizo ena andale anaphedwa mu ngozi ya Lachiwiri 154 pafupi Smolensk.

• Mu 2004 - Boris Trajkovski (pulezidenti wa Macedonia) anaphedwa mu ngozi mu Bosnia.

• Mu 2001 - The Sudanese atsogoleri a asilikali anaphedwa kum'mwera kwa dziko.

• Mu 1988 - anapha Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, amene anali pulezidenti wa Pakistan. Tsoka zinachitika pa mzinda wa Lahore, Pakistan (mwina chifukwa cha lina zigawenga).

• Mu 1986 - Samora Machel (mutsogoleli wa Mozambique) anaphedwa mu ngozi ndege South Africa.

• Mu 1981 - anafa Jaime Roldos Aguilera, amene anali pulezidenti wa Ecuador. Ndege kuwonongeka zinachitika mu mapiri a Ecuador Uayrapunga.

• Mu 1969 - Mnazareti Barentos Ortuño (Pulezidenti Bolivia) adafa Arce (Bolivia).

• Mu 1966 - Abdul Salam Arif (Pulezidenti aku Iraq) kumwera kwa Iraq.

• Mu 1961 - anapha Dag Hammarskjöld (Mlembi General UN) ku Northern Rhodesia (lero Zambia).

• Mu 1957 - Ramon Magsaysay (Pulezidenti wa Philippines) anaphedwa mu boma la Balamban chifukwa cha tsoka lotsatira (Philippines).

Ngakhale ambiri mayina odziwika limabwezeretsa amene afa pakati pa mayiko a mayiko ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Ena mwa iwo ndi zachinsinsi ndege Kuwonongeka kwa dziko, makamaka amene zimayambitsa adakali bwinobwino. Zikuphatikizapo ndi kuwonongeka kumene kunachitika mu Panama. Mu 1981 Omar Torrijos - General, mutu wa Panama, afa momvetsa mwachinsinsi.

deta Statistical pa ndege Russian

Odalirika Katswiri mabungwe anabweretsa Kafukufuku ngozi airships ambiri Russian ndege anapanga mlingo chitetezo ndi ndege alipo.

Posachedwapa, pafupifupi ndege Russian pamene kugula mmalo yachilendo ndege (kale ntchito), osati zatsopano Russian. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, pa kayendetsedwe ka kunja makina amakono zida zamagetsi, ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi ulamuliro m'banja ndege. Chotero, izo zikuchulukirachulukira ndi chiopsezo kachiwiri, kungoti "Chinthu anthu".

Choncho, chifukwa cha kampani "Russia" miyoyo 184 anthu, ndege "Vladivostok Avia" - 145, ku kampaniyo "KrasAir" - 29, ndipo pa nkhani ya "Tyumen Airlines" - 5. amasangalala kwambiri ndi pamaso pa ndege amene anagwira ntchito lero popanda akuvutika :. "Transero", "Ural ndege" ndi "Domodedovo ndege"

liners deta Statistical adachivotera

Tebulo limasonyeza kusanja ndege yawo pangozi.

Kuyambira mfundo zimene zikukambidwa pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti Boeing 777 panopa mtundu yodalirika ya ndege.

Zimayambitsa waukulu n'zimene mpweya

Chaka wakuda kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni mndandanda wa n'zimene dziko mpweya kudzadza. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto awa kukhala bwinobwino mpaka kumapeto. pafupipafupi kwambiri ndi sizimadziwika dziko la Ronaldo. Investigation nthawi zina amabwera amaima. Ngakhale matsenga mabokosi akuda zambiri sangathe kulongosola chifukwa cha ena ngozi zimene zachitika airspace lapansi.

Zimayambitsa chachikulu ngozi ano ndege: mavuto luso (kulephera maofesi a luso, mavuto ang'onoang'ono), ndi opha mpweya magalimoto zolakwika, ndege ndi ogwira ena (Chinthu anthu), uchigawenga padziko lonse, nkhondo, chotheka ngozi (zolakwa za chitetezo asilikali, thunderstorms, mphezi kuwombana mbalame ndi m. p.).

Chifukwa lalikulu la n'zimene zinachitika ndi osauka kwambiri kulakwitsa kwa anthu. Zochita pa dziko lonse lapansi, mlandu pafupifupi 70% ya ngoziyi.

Ndipo komabe, ngakhale kuti m'khutu ndege kuwonongeka, ndipo nthawi iliyonse kuchititsa yopweteka kwambiri zimene anthu padziko lonse, ndege ndi chimodzi mwa odalirika kwambiri ndi kotetezedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya magalimoto alipo.